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Synthesis of Ortho-Substituted Benzamides through Decarbonylative Cross-Coupling of Phthalimides
Get PDFThe development of nickel-mediated catalysis has progressed to the decarbonylation of phthalimides for cross-coupling with boronic acids to form ortho-substituted benzamides. The variables of the reaction are being manipulated to determine if the nickel can be used catalytically rather than stoichiometrically. In addition, many reactions produce a byproduct in which a carbon-hydrogen bond forms in the desired position of the boronic acid substituent, making isolation of the ortho-substituted benzamide through column chromatography difficult. The source of this byproduct—the reduction product—is still under investigation as the scope and isolation of the product is expanded
Rhodium-Catalyzed Carbon-Carbon Bond Activation and Functionalization Using Imine Reactions
Get PDFThe activation and functionalization of carbon-carbon single bonds has proven difficult to achieve using traditional organic methods. Previous Johnson Lab projects have explored the use of rhodium catalysts to permit the selective activation and functionalization of carbon-carbon bonds in ketones. However, these reactions have required a nearby nitrogen atom, presumably to coordinate with the rhodium. Herein, we explore a new type of reaction in which the coordinating nitrogen is provided by reversible imine formation from a ketone and a primary amine. Efforts towards making this reaction more generalizable are currently underway
Two-Dimensional Imaging of Intermodulation Distortions in a Superconductor Resonator
Get PDFAt the resonant frequency, superconducting resonators produce intermodulation distortion (IMD), smaller unwanted signals near the resonant frequency. These signals are a measure of the ratio between fundamental frequencies and distortion products. By inducing external microwave signals, it is possible to analyse the patterns of IMD in several different types of superconducting resonators. These measurements can be used to complement the main peak values like quality factor and frequency shift in order to understand nonlinearities present in the material of the superconductor. Once IMD measurements are taken, they were combined into a 2-dimensional raster image of the resonator chip
SIEFAR Société Internationale pour l’Etude des Femmes de l’Ancien Régime [International Society for the Study of Women of the Ancien Régime] http://siefar.org/en/
No full textThe Identity of Dance in a Christ-Centered College
No full textPresentation on The Identity of Dance in a Christ-Centered College given as part of the spring Arts and Humanities Symposium at Hope College\u27s Winants Auditorium (Graves Hall) on February 17, 2017. Features dancing by 2017 senior Mica Carson
Nyenhuis Sculpture Garden Dedication
Get PDFA handout promoting the dedication of the Nyenhuis Sculpture Garden on October 14, 2017.https://digitalcommons.hope.edu/kam_poster/1031/thumbnail.jp
Tuesday Tea
Get PDFA poster advertising an afternoon tea at the museum on September 19, 2017.https://digitalcommons.hope.edu/kam_poster/1037/thumbnail.jp
Love & Information Lighting Design
No full textLove and Information by Caryl Churchill departs from traditional play structure by presenting fifty contentless scenes in which the setting, mood, and characters are left open ended. The production concept required a lighting design that was simplistic in nature, but allowed for the creation of a unique look for each scene. This project covers the process of creating the lighting design for Hope College\u27s production of this work, starting with conceptual production meetings and concluding with the realized production. The process will be shown through conceptual research images, preliminary paperwork used to flush out the design, and a drafting of the light plot used by the electricians to place the lighting instruments required. Final support paperwork will include a channel hookup and instrument schedule, listings of all the lighting instruments used; the magic sheet, a resource used by the designer to quickly locate and adjust channel levels; and the final cue list. Archival production pictures will be included to show the realization of the design
Homocysteine Exposure in Early Postnatal Rats Leads to an Incomplete Bipolar Disorder Phenotype
No full textElevated levels of plasma homocysteine have been linked to neuropsychiatric disorders such as Bipolar Disorder. Therefore, we sought to determine if homocysteine itself would lead to a bipolar-like phenotype. We fed lactating rats either a high homocysteine/low vitamin B diet (HCY) or a standard rat diet, and examined the behavioral effects on the offspring. We assessed the rats for altered risk-taking behavior, activity level, anhedonia, learned helplessness, social behavior, goal-oriented motivation and spatial learning. In the elevated plus maze, we observed a significant increase in time spent and distance traveled in open arms of HCY rats compared to control rats, suggesting increased risk-taking behavior. We did not observe hyperactivity in the HCY rats in the elevated plus maze, wheel running assay, or social interaction test. In the saccharin preference test, HCY-treated rats consumed a significantly lower saccharin:water ratio than control rats, demonstrating anhedonia. We did not observe any differences in learned helplessness in the forced swim test between control and HCY treated animals. There was no effect of HCY treatment on social interaction; however, the HCY treated animals spent significantly more time interacting with both cages in the first trial than control rats, suggesting increased curiosity. There was no effect of HCY on goal-oriented motivation and/or spatial learning in the first day of Morris Water Maze testing. However, HCY treated animals took significantly longer to complete the maze on the first trial of day two, suggesting HCY reduced spatial memory. These results suggest elevated HCY triggers features of Bipolar Disorder such as anhedonia and increased risk-taking behavior. However, exposure to HCY did not elicit hyperactivity, learned helplessness, increased goal-oriented behavior, or altered social behavior, implying that HCY alone is not sufficient to produce a complete bipolar-like phenotype
Genomic Analyses of the Novel Mycobacteriophage KashFlow
No full textEighteen new mycobacteriophages were isolated from soil samples collected around the state of Michigan and parts of the United States. All phages were capable of infecting Mycobacterium smegmatis and were isolated through either enrichment or direct plating at 32°C or 37°C. A variety of plaque morphologies were produced based on size, shape, and clarity; both lytic and temperate phages appear represented in this collection. The mycobacteriophage, KashFlow, was chosen as one of three phages for complete genome sequencing and comparative genomic analyses. The predominant plaque produced by KashFlow at 37°C was circular and 2 mm in diameter. The complete genome sequence for KashFlow revealed relationships to members of the Cluster J, which contains 30 sequenced members to date. The genome of KashFlow is 111.6 Kb, 60.2% GC, and contains 243 genes, including 2 tRNA(Lys-TTT) genes. Upon initial analysis, KashFlow shares a number of gene products with several other phages belonging to the J cluster. In a majority of these instances, these gene products are nearly identical to one another and are almost always perfectly aligned. This trend is predicted to continue throughout the entirety of the KashFlow genome as a number of cluster J phages share these same attributes. A detailed analysis of the complete genome sequences and comparison with sequenced mycobacteriophages is the subject of the second semester of this yearlong course and is presented