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Everyone Gets Bored Sometimes: Effects of Boredom and Burnout in a Longitudinal Study on Pre Health Undergraduate Students
Full text linkFor some time now, medical education research has documented increased levels of undesirable outcomes as a byproduct of professionalization, such as decreased mental health and increased burnout. We introduce to this literature the concept of boredom proneness that taps into students\u27 adaptation to a sense of the flow of time and outline how this affects their health throughout undergraduate. Trait measures of boredom tap into not merely a momentary discomfort with a context or flow of time, but a deeper existential challenge that indicates a possibly socially-induced discordance with a self in time. Additionally, a challenge of past research is it is often cross-sectional, complicating understanding changes over time. This study uses a unique data set that follows three consecutive cohorts of pre health undergraduate students at a small liberal arts college throughout all four years of undergrad (n=532). We use time-ordered structural equation models to show how burnout, mental health, overall health, social support, and a novel measure of boredom proneness change throughout time. We find a high degree of stability in these measures throughout time. Importantly, we find that boredom is a potent predictor of decreased health and is a more potent predictor of worse mental health than the same measure from prior waves. We discuss implications this may have as a background factor influencing other well known challenges to professional collaboration and patient care, such as shifts in empathy, burnout, and humility
The Impact of Consuming an Electrolyte Drink Pre vs Post-Workout on Recovery as Measured through Urinary Indicators in Collegiate Cross-Country Runners
Full text linkBACKGROUND: Hydration is crucial in sports, as dehydration can decrease strength, endurance, and power. Drinking electrolytes before and after intense exercise can promote hydration. Few studies have compared the difference in consuming electrolytes pre/post-workout. The impact of consuming electrolyte drinks can be assessed by comparing pre/post-workout urinary biomarkers (UB). PURPOSE: To determine if drinking electrolytes before/after a workout improves post-workout recovery as measured by heart rate (HR) and UB in collegiate Cross Country (CC) runners. METHODS: 21 CC runners (43% men, 20±3 years) were divided into four groups. For four weeks (Sep-Oct 2024), participants consumed Liquid IV (LIV) or a placebo before or after their CC workout. Each week, the timing/drink that the participants consumed switched. Urine samples and weight were taken immediately before/after their workout. HR/urine samples were taken 1.5 and 3 hours post workout. HR and UB were analyzed in order to compare recovery within/between groups. Data was analyzed via repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in HR, RPE, blood, protein, nitrites, ketones, and glucose concentrations between groups. Post-LIV groups had greater urobilinogen (besides 3 hours post-workout). Before the workout, the pre-LIV groups had lower specific gravities (SGs) than the post-LIV groups (p=0.03). After 3 hours, the pre-LIV groups had lower SGs than the pre-placebo groups. Males had a higher sweat loss than females for each trial (p\u3c0.05). Females had greater leukocyte values throughout the duration of the study (p\u3c0.05). CONCLUSION: LIV may not be as effective in promoting recovery in trained individuals who complete a workout in normal conditions; however, it may help with hydration as seen by the SG differences. Future research should focus on the performance and recovery of maximal effort endurance events
Effect of Energy-Dependent Proton Irradiation on Thin-Film YBCO-1237 Superconductor
Full text linkWe investigated the effect of proton irradiations (0.6 MeV and 1.7 MeV) on the superconducting and normal-state properties of thin-film YBCO-1237 superconductors (Tc = 90 K) and found that the relationship between the critical temperature and dimensionless scattering rate obtained during proton irradiation approximates the generalized d-wave Abrikosov–Gor\u27kov theory better than the previous reports obtained from electron irradiations. This was unexpected since electron irradiation is generally thought to be more effective than proton and other heavier ion irradiations at suppressing superconductivity. The details of the experimental setup and results will be presented
Foraging Efficiency of Rural and Urban House Sparrows, \u3cem\u3ePasser domesticus\u3c/em\u3e, Among Natural and Unnatural Obstacles
Full text linkUrbanization may lead to food displacement for many animals. Urban birds are exposed to man-made objects that can result in variable food locations, unlike rural birds who inhabit areas where food locations are typically consistent. The introduction of unnatural obstacles may affect a sparrow\u27s ability to find and reach food sources. Scientific studies have yet to find a significant increase in problem-solving skills related to foraging in urban versus rural birds. Our research seeks to determine the foraging efficiency of rural and urban house sparrows when exposed to obstructed food sources. Novel objects near a food source may scare birds away, but the necessity for food may overcome fear. House sparrows, Passer domesticus, are excellent model organisms to study urbanization effects because they inhabit both rural and urban environments. In our experiment, birds were habituated and trained to forage from a feeding grid. Using either natural or unnatural materials, we covered the entirety of a grid structure; food was placed in the same squares as when uncovered. Foraging efficiency was measured as the latency for a sparrow to uncover the food source and begin eating once released into the enclosure. We hypothesized that urban and rural house sparrows will differ in their foraging behavior. Therefore, we predicted that urban birds would exhibit higher foraging efficiencies when exposed to unnatural obstacles (e.g. plastic, snack wrappers) than rural birds. Regarding natural barriers (e.g. leaves, woodchips), we predicted that both urban and rural house sparrows will exhibit no behavioral differences. This study will provide insights into the foraging habits and, therefore, the survival of sparrows in an increasingly urbanized world. By identifying differences between rural and urban house sparrows\u27 foraging strategies, the effects of urbanization on animal behaviors will be better understood
Shaping Educators for Equity: Examining the Impact of Social Justice Pedagogy on Pre-Service Teachers\u27 Beliefs
Full text linkThis study utilized the Race Attitude Implicit Association Test (RA-IAT) to examine unconscious racial biases among pre-service teachers before and after completing a required education course incorporating an antiracist curriculum. Initial findings indicate that implicit biases can be influenced when open dialogue and reflection accompany the curriculum. The results highlight the necessity for teacher preparation programs to create spaces where students actively confront and challenge racism, rather than merely avoiding discussions on the topic. These curricula go beyond passively teaching about racism — they foster critical thinking about historical and systemic inequalities, promote diverse perspectives, and empower future educators to recognize and combat discrimination in their classrooms and broader society
News from Hope College, Volume 56.3: Spring 2025
Full text linkFront cover incorrectly states, Volume 55, No. 3 .https://digitalcommons.hope.edu/news_from_hope_college/1268/thumbnail.jp
Saints and Syncretism in Global Christian Art
Full text linkKruizenga Art Museum, Hope College Catalog for the exhibition: Saints and Syncretism in Global Christian Art. Exhibition dates: January 14 – May 17, 2025. Alexandra Lewis, photographer, designer. Andie Near, photographer.https://digitalcommons.hope.edu/kam_catalogs/1007/thumbnail.jp
The Connection of 2D and 3D Objects and Play Behavior in Infants
Full text linkOne of the biggest tasks faced by infants is learning language, including the names of many different objects (e.g., bottle, book). This is accomplished through a combination of hearing objects named by caregivers while infants look at and interact with (e.g., touch) objects. Previous developmental research has primarily examined object-name learning by presenting 2D images of objects on a screen as those objects\u27 labels are said. Such studies show that hearing an object label impacts where we look (Barnhart et al., 2018) and that young infants can map heard labels to 2D images of the objects named (Barr, 2010). However, there is less research on how infants\u27 looking at and hearing labels for 2D objects on a screen connects to infants\u27 interactions with those real-world 3D objects. In this study, we aim to begin filling that gap. First, infants participated in an eye-tracking task in which they viewed 12 novel objects: 4 labeled target objects and 8 unnamed distractor objects. Infants (7.8 to 32.9 months old) were either exposed to the names of the target objects (experimental condition) or they were not (control condition). Next, infants participated in a video-recorded play session with the 3D printed versions of the 12 objects. I used DataVyu software to code the video data for how many times and for how long an infant touched each of the 12 objects. Once coding is completed, I will examine whether or not infants interact more with previously-named objects rather than non-named objects. This would indicate not only that infants can connect 2D images of objects to their real 3D counterparts, but also that naming objects may foster better infant learning
Bringing the World to Hope: Ten Years of the Kruizenga Art Museum
No full textA poster for the exhibition Bringing the World to Hope: Ten Years of the Kruizenga Art Museum held August 29–December 13, 2025. The exhibit featured highlights from the Kruizenga Art Museum\u27s collections.https://digitalcommons.hope.edu/kam_poster/1069/thumbnail.jp
Saints and Syncretism in Global Christian Art
Full text linkA poster for the exhibition Saints and Syncretism in Global Christian Art: A Student-Curated Exhibition Directed by Dr. Anne Heath held January 14–May 17, 2025. An opening reception was held on January 17, 2025.https://digitalcommons.hope.edu/kam_poster/1067/thumbnail.jp