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Hydrothermal Formation of Epidote in Felsic Compositions: Examples from Sweden and Northern Michigan
No full textHydrothermal epidote is widespread in granitic rocks but has been the subject of relatively few scientific studies. We used a scanning electron microscope and electron microprobe to study mineral assemblages and chemistry in epidotized hydrothermal zones developed along late joints and fractures in high-grade granitic gneisses from four quarries in Halland Province, Sweden; and in arkosic conglomerates rich in rhyolite clasts from the Centennial Mine in the Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan. In Halland, epidote is associated with chlorite, prehnite, and the replacement of Fe-Ti oxides by titanite. In the Centennial Mine, epidote is associated with calcite, pumpellyite, titanite, and rare hydrogarnet. These assemblages are consistent with upper prehnite-pumpellyite to lower greenschist facies conditions. Zoning was observed in epidote grains from both localities and commonly occurs as polygonal zones within which Fe/(Fe+Al) is relatively constant but changes suddenly at the boundary. REE-enrichment in epidote occurs most commonly at the margins of grains or along fractures. Modal analysis shows an inverse relationship between the abundance of alkali feldspars and epidote, suggesting a replacement reaction in which Ca is added, and Na + K is removed by hydrothermal solutions. In the Centennial Mine, the source of Fe for epidote formation appears to be dispersed hematite in oxidized sediments, and magmatic Fe-Ti oxides may have played the same role in Halland. Epidote formation at the Centennial Mine is part of the ca1.06 Ga hydrothermal metamorphism and Cu mineralization in the Keweenaw Peninsula. Epidotization in Halland postdates the ca1.0 Ga Sveconorwegian high-grade metamorphism. Although there is scatter, the predominant direction of veins associated with epidote is NE-SW, the same direction as an extensional event of inferred Late Carboniferous-Permian age recorded elsewhere in southern Sweden. Despite the difference in geological settings, epidotization in both areas displays common features which may be characteristic of low-grade hydrothermal alteration
A Consistent Approach to Complex Patients with Secondary Psychiatric Diagnoses: The Orange Chart Project
No full textIn a large Midwest hospital’s complex medical inpatient unit, patients with secondary psychiatric diagnoses often exhibit intrusive behaviors, disrupting the unit and creating barriers to discharge. Because of such behaviors, the quality of care they receive may not be at its full potential. Little research exists regarding effective interventions for these patients that help reduce their negative behaviors or its detrimental effects on themselves, nursing staff, and other interdisciplinary team members. A protocol for this inpatient unit, titled the “Orange Chart” project, was introduced in November 2013 to improve consistent, team-based management of these patients. The purpose of this retrospective medical record review study is to identify if pilot use of the Orange Chart protocol was associated with an increase in psychiatric consults and a reduction in security consults, hospital length of stay, number of 30-day emergency department visits, and hospital readmissions for patients with secondary psychiatric diagnoses compared to pre-pilot use. Betty Neuman’s Health Care Systems Model provides a theoretical framework for this study because patients are seen as open systems, reacting to stimuli, dictating their outcomes. The expected sample size is 30 patients from the single hospital inpatient unit of this Midwest hospital. Results and conclusions of this study are pending. Expected statistical analysis include independent t-tests using SPSS, with a value, p \u3c 0.05 for all tests. Expected limitations include a small sample size and limited generalizability. Possible future implications include implementation of a consistent approach to behavioral management in this patient population throughout hospital systems
Electrodeposition and Dealloying of Nickel- Cobalt and Nickel- Cobalt-Copper Thin Films
No full textThis project focuses on characterizing nickel-cobalt and nickel-cobalt-copper electrodeposited thin films. These films can be engineered to have high surface areas, giving them fuel cell and capacitance-related applications. Using a threeelectrode electrochemical cell, metal alloys are deposited from solution onto a gold substrate. These films are then studied in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with an energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) attachment to determine their structures and compositions. It was found that when nickel and cobalt are deposited together, there is consistently a higher ratio of cobalt in the film than in the solution. When nickel, cobalt, and copper are deposited together, the ratios in the film are generally closer to those in the solution, but there is more nickel in the film than in the solution. The nickel-cobalt and nickel-cobaltcopper films are then electrochemically dealloyed. To dealloy the films, a steadily increasing potential is placed between the working and counter electrodes, reoxidizing the metals and pulling them off of the substrate. Different metals reoxidize at different potentials, so depending on when one stops the potential, it is possible to pull out certain metals, leaving others behind. When dealloying the nickel-cobalt films, nickel and cobalt strip out of the film in nearly equal amounts, despite cobalt reacting at a lower potential. When dealloying nickelcobalt- copper, nickel and cobalt are kinetically stabilized, and the copper pulls out, leaving a porous nickel-cobalt film behind. Preliminary results also suggest that dealloying the nickel-cobalt-copper films increases their capacitances
How does a Clean Water Project Affect Health in Developing Countries?
No full textHow does donating to a clean water initiative really impact the region that receives your donation? This research considers how clean water projects affect child survival in developing countries. One might expect clean water projects to improve overall health by ridding the water of diseases, some potentially fatal for humans. But clean water can also improve the health of livestock and crops leading to healthier food for consumption. However, to identify the causal impact of a clean water intervention, research must control for the fact that treatment is not assigned randomly. For example higher populations are more likely to receive a clean water project and are also likely to have better infrastructure and water that is more tolerable to begin with than areas of low population. For the purpose of this paper I use data from Ghana (treated) and Zambia (control) from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS) database. A difference-in-differences technique has been used to look at individual child survival within two countries of similar attributes, with data from before and after the water projects occurred. This research shows that clean water projects have increased the child survival rate in Ghana by 4.8 percent
Class Act: The Effects of Increasing Immigration in Metropolitan Areas on High School Graduation
No full textThe number of foreign-born students in American schools has increased significantly over the past few decades. This project explores the effects of increasing immigration rates in major metropolitan areas on the graduation rates of those areas. Immigration in the United States has risen to 40 million people as of 2010 according to the Center for Immigration Studies - its highest mark in history. For those that have already immigrated to the United States to obtain work, their new goal is now to involve either themselves or their families in the education system, because the demand for highly skilled labor has increased. Results from this study could show policy makers in what way education, especially public education, can be expanded or adapted if local governments want to. Overcrowding, peer influence and student performance are a few of the many issues associated with education and immigration, and are important questions concerning the future of the American education system. Utilizing data from the 1980, 1990 and 2000 census, this study employs a fixed-effects model to measure these effects and control for other mediating factors. This study observes both the total graduation results of metropolitan areas as well as the graduation results of immigrants, natives and other demographics, allowing us to compare them
College Students\u27 Perceptions of a Tutoring Program
No full textChildren’s After School Achievement (CASA) is a one-on-one after school tutoring program where at-risk elementary students from the Holland area are paired with a Hope college student. These college tutors come from a variety of majors and volunteer their time. The elementary students come to Hope College’s campus twice a week for two-hour sessions to work on homework, reading, and life skills. For this study, the Hope College tutors were surveyed to uncover their perceptions about the elementary student’s enjoyment of CASA, academic achievements, and benefits of the CASA program. This survey is part of a longitudinal study and the results and conclusions of the project are summarized in our research
The Effect of Intensive Up Hill Training in Improving Running Economy in Collegiate Distance Runners
No full textThe purpose of this study was to compare the effects of high intensity uphill vs. flat ground intervals on running economy in trained collegiate distance runners. The sample population included collegiate cross country athletes that were assigned to either a control group, an uphill interval training group or a flat ground interval training group. The aerobic capacity and running economy of all participants were assessed during pre- and post-testing with a maximal VO2 treadmill and time to exhaustion tests. For the training groups, the 7-week study included a 5-week intervention of 6 workouts per week with two sessions at high intensities. The first of the two workouts was a 20-minute tempo on flat ground, and the second was an interval workout on either a flat or inclined surface depending on the group. Both groups worked at VO2max intensity for these intervals, but the flat ground group ran at a greater velocity. By contrast, the control group ran base miles without high intensity workouts for the duration of the study. Results indicated that uphill training induced gains in VO2 and percent VO2 at lactate threshold that were significantly greater compared with the flatground group. In addition, it was found that the flat-ground training group showed gains in velocity and percent velocity at lactate threshold, which significantly differed from the control group. There were no significant differences between the hill training and the control. These results indicate that there is potential benefit to uphill interval training for improving running economy, while any improvements in velocity related variables might require higher workout velocities
Proton capture cross section of Ge-72 and astrophysical implications
No full textThis paper reports on the first cross section measurement of the Ge-72(p, gamma)As-73 reaction. The proton capture reaction on Ge-72 is relevant to the astrophysical p-process and was identified in a sensitivity study as one of the important reactions required to estimate the abundances of the light p nuclei. The gamma-summing technique was employed using the summing NaI(Tl) detector (SuN) from the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory. The experiment was performed at the University of Notre Dame using a 1.8-3.6 MeV proton beam. In order to test the predictive power of different theoretical calculations in the region, experimental values were compared to the results given by the nuclear reaction code TALYS1.6. The theoretical uncertainties in the cross section arising from different combinations of nuclear level densities, gamma-ray strength functions, and optical model potentials were reduced to 10-18% by the experimental data. The recommended reaction rates from the standard astrophysical libraries, BRUSLIB and REACLIB, are found to be in good agreement with the experimental results
Intellectual Humility And Forgiveness Of Religious Leaders
No full textThis Article Presents Two Studies That Examined How Perceptions Of Intellectual Humility Affect Response To A Transgression By A Religious Leader. In Study 1, Participants (n=105) Rated The Religious Leader On Intellectual Humility Regarding Different Religious Beliefs And Values, As Well As General Humility And Forgiveness Of The Leader For A Transgression. Perceived Intellectual Humility Was Positively Associated With Forgiveness, Even When Controlling For Perceived General Humility. In Study 2, We Replicated The Findings From Study 1 On An Independent Sample (n=299). Also, The Type Of Offense Moderated The Association Between Perceived Intellectual Humility And Forgiveness. For Participants, Who Reported An Offense In The Area Of Religious Beliefs, Values, Or Convictions, The Association Between Perceived Intellectual Humility And Forgiveness Was Stronger Than For Participants, Who Reported A Different Type Of Offense. We Conclude By Discussing Limitations And Areas For Future Research
Population of Be-13 in a nucleon exchange reaction
No full textThe neutron-unbound nucleus Be-13 was populated with a nucleon exchange reaction from a 71 MeV/u secondary B-13 beam. The decay-energy spectrum was reconstructed using invariant mass spectroscopy based on Be-12 fragments in coincidence with neutrons. The data could be described with an s-wave resonance at E-r = 0.73(9) MeV with a width of Gamma(r) = 1.98(34) MeV and a d-wave resonance at E-r = 2.56(13) MeV with a width of Gamma(r) = 2.29(73) MeV. The observed spectral shape is consistent with previous one-proton removal reaction measurements from B-14