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Effects of Role Models and Empathy on Moral Foundations in Pre-Health Students
Get PDFThe presence and quality of a role model while a medical student progresses through their graduate level training has a positive impact on their ability to succeed. This is especially applicable when considering a student’s empathy levels and changes in their moral foundations during their education. Though medical school can oftentimes be a more stressful and rigorous environment, research has not yet evaluated whether these findings already begin at the undergraduate level. The data for this study is panel data including pre-health undergraduates and those who at some point were pre-health. This study looks at how mentorship while in undergraduate and empathy are related to the various domains of students’ moral foundations. This will help to expand on the studies conducted with medical student populations and apply them to pre-health students
Moral Foundations in Undergraduate Pre-health Students
Get PDFMoral Foundations Theory argues that there is an automatic nature to the decisions that we make. These can be of significant importance to healthcare professionals who make decisions impacting their patients\u27 lives. Throughout their undergraduate years, students begin to solidify their identity and develop their morals in this formative time. This could be shaped by the pre-health professional track or more specifically what the student studies during this time. Political beliefs are also evolving during this stage and have a consistent relationship with moral foundations. There is also a tentative relationship between empathy and each foundation. Currently, research does not focus on moral foundations in undergraduate studies and there are no comparisons regarding how the moral foundations differ between pre-health students, students who left pre-health tracks, and nursing students. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that different variables that contribute to a student\u27s identity will impact moral foundations differently. Data from a longitudinal panel survey sent to three consecutive cohorts of freshman indicating an interest in pre-health or nursing were analyzed using linear regressions in SPSS. There are differences in moral foundation stability over time, with purity and authority being more fluid than ingroup, harm, and fairness. Additionally, clear discrepancies exist between pre-health and nursing students, as nursing students score lower on fairness, ingroup, and purity. Politics play a significant role in the binding domains, with liberals scoring higher in authority and ingroup. Future research should focus on how politics may mediate the relationship between variables analyzed in this study and moral foundations. It also can continue to explore differences in nursing and other pre-health students, as well as those who left pre-health completely
Percussive Massage and Dynamic Stretching as a Between-Race Warm up for Collegiate Swimmers
Get PDFSwimming is a sport that often requires multiple events to be completed in a short-time frame. Breaks between races have the potential to negatively impact subsequent performances, causing athletes to resort to out-of-water warm-up methods. To date, no research has been conducted to determine the effectiveness of using a percussive massage gun (PMG) as a warm-up tool between races. This study evaluated percussive massage and dynamic stretching (DS) as a warm-up by determining impact on completion time between two 100-y freestyle sprints compared to passive recovery (NT) in collegiate swimmers. It was hypothesized that PMG and DS would lead to a significant decrease in completion time compared to NT, and that PMG would elicit the greatest decrease in completion time overall. Over three sessions, participants (n=12) were counterbalanced across interventions, receiving the treatment between two sprints. Contrary to the initial hypothesis, no significant differences were noted when comparing completion times before and after treatment (p= 0.78). DS was the only intervention that led to decreased times post-treatment (pre: 57.33±1.30 sec, post: 56.97±1.33 sec), but this difference was not considered significant. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was assessed immediately after each swim and was significantly different between the 1st and 2nd swims in the PMG condition (pre: 17.25±0.35, post: 16.08±0.45, p= 0.004). In addition, a visual analog scale (VAS) determined that subjective discomfort prior to the second swim was lower following PMG compared to DS (PMG: 21.22±6.05 mm, DS: 41.59±5.16 mm, p= 0.048). The results suggest that although the athletes didn’t swim faster, they felt better with PMG use. However, there is minimal support that PMG as a warm-up technique has any significant impact on improvement in swim times compared to other methods
ExploreHope Summer Camps: Amazing Animal Abilities
Get PDFDid you know that mice can hear sounds that humans cannot? Or that birds and bees can see colors we can only dream of? ExploreHope is an organization on the Hope College campus that has been hosting summer camps for elementary to high school level students for 27 years. The ExploreHope Amazing Animal Abilities camp for students in grades 6 through 9 will explore the many incredible sensory abilities of animals. This camp will teach participants about a vast variety of sensory systems observed across the animal kingdom including the visual, auditory, and olfactory systems, mechanoreception and kinesthetics, and the detection of unique fields, including both electric fields— performed by sharks to detect their prey—and magnetic fields—conducted by birds to navigate during migration. Camp participants will be given the opportunity for hands-on learning about these amazing abilities through dissections, including getting the chance to take a close look at the structures of the eye through an eye dissection, working with live animals, and in using technologies like spectroscopy that are important to biologists and allow us to explore realms that are unknown to us. The camp activities will also equip participants with an understanding of how animals make sense of their surrounding environments by piecing together the clues gathered by their collective senses. This immersive and educational experience will inspire a new generation of young scientists to explore the world around them. Camp participants will also be presented with full scholarships provided by the National Science Foundation (NSF), whose priorities lie especially in providing opportunities to underrepresented youth for a bright future in the sciences, demonstrating ExploreHope\u27s mission to have a broad outreach that will invite and welcome young scientists from diverse backgrounds
The Anchor: February 2024
Get PDFThe Anchor began in 1887 and was first issued weekly in 1914. Covering national and campus news alike, Hope College’s student-run newspaper has grown over the years to encompass over two-dozen editors, reporters, and staff. For much of The Anchor\u27s history, the latest issue was distributed across campus each Wednesday throughout the academic school year (with few exceptions). In recent years The Anchor moved to monthly print issues and a more frequently updated website. The Anchor is now published in print twice per academic semester. Occasionally, the volume and/or issue numbering is irregular
Opus: Fall 2024
Get PDFAn issue of Opus from fall 2024.https://digitalcommons.hope.edu/opus_2020s/1006/thumbnail.jp
Examining Regression Assumption Violations in Machine Learning Models Using the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study Dataset
Get PDFA growing practice within the psychological sciences is a reliance on machine learning models for data analysis. Machine learning models may have profound implications for improving human well-being and health (e.g., Walsh et al., 2017). However, like any statistical model, machine learning requires that the assumptions of linear regression are met, though the implications of violating these assumptions in machine learning models are unknown. Our study investigates these potentially stark consequences by testing machine learning models in simulated data with built-in assumption violations, as well as a publicly available dataset. We hypothesize that when regression assumptions are violated, we will fail to replicate findings in public and simulated datasets, thus increasing risk for Type I/II errors. After conducting a search for a large (N \u3e 2,000) public dataset with a robust literature, we selected the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS) as our public dataset of interest. We replicated findings from Clark and Lee (2021), who studied how both early- and later-life variables correlate with later-life subjective well-being. We replicated their published findings and used three common supervised learning models: regularized regression, support vector machine, and random forest. Understanding the consequences of assumption violations in machine learning can enhance the replicability of these models. If linear assumptions are violated, we expect the risk of false positive/negative outcomes to increase. We envision that these discoveries will offer valuable guidance to psychological researchers employing machine learning techniques
Art vs. The Artist: Can It Be Separated?
Get PDFWhether people should, or can, separate the personal lives of artists and the arts that they create is a continuous debate in contemporary society. Such questions typically arise when topics within an artist\u27s personal life, perhaps mired in controversy, are juxtaposed with that artists\u27 ability to create significant and even masterful works. This study aims to experimentally test the extent to which people might be able to separate their perceptions of artists with their perceptions of their art. A between groups experiment featuring a musical artist was conducted which exposed participants to three (3) manipulations of an artist’s background (negative, neutral, positive) and a sample of the artist\u27s work (a clip for all groups). Participants were asked to listen to sixty (60) seconds of a song by the artist and following exposure to the sample art, participants completed a brief survey. An ANOVA determined significant differences between how the three groups (negative, neutral, positive primes) rated the quality of the same creation, suggesting opinions on an artist’s art might vary in part due to pre-existing opinions and primes about the artist. In other words, the data in this project suggest that people struggle to separate artists from their art
Stream-borne Floating Mismanaged Waste in Holland, Michigan: Focus on Foam
Get PDFStreams and storm drain systems link terrestrial roadside litter to rivers and lakes, which eventually supply floating debris to the global ocean. To better understand this linkage, we evaluated the kinds and quantity of floating mismanaged solid waste being transported in five streams within the Lake Macatawa watershed in the environs of Holland, Michigan. We deployed floating litter booms in the four smallest streams. These consisted of a rip-stop nylon sleeve encasing pool noodle floats strung on a wire rope. These were placed diagonally across the stream and anchored to fence posts set into the stream banks. In the largest stream, Paw Paw Creek, we used a Trash Trout Jr., a three-sided cage of chain link fencing mounted on pontoon floats. Collection took place between June 16 and July 12, 2023. Conditions during the collecting period were generally dry so the collection largely represents transport of litter during base flow. Comparison of local roadside litter with items captured in streams revealed differences in composition. Plastic items exclusive of foam constituted 52.5% of collected roadside litter while plastic foam accounted for an additional 8.1% of the total items collected. In contrast, plastic foam comprised the majority of floating litter items collected at each of the five stream sites, ranging from 56.8% to 82.4% of the items captured. Much of this foam was degraded into fragments. The ability of foam to float and its tendency to break readily into small pieces may account for its high prevalence. The frequent transport of foam under normal flow conditions suggests that it could be a productive focus for efforts to reduce water-borne litter. Fortunately, reasonable substitutes for many foam items are available, increasing the likelihood of success for campaigns that ask producers, retailers, or consumers to limit foam products
Quantifying the Effect of Air on Uncertainty in the Particle Accelerator
Get PDFIn preparation to measure environmental PFAS contamination, we are quantifying measurement uncertainties of liquid Sodium-Fluoride (NaF) standards undergoing particle induced gamma emission (PIGE). These standards are measured in the atmosphere outside of the vacuum environment of the particle accelerator at Hope College. One source of uncertainty is the dimensions of the experimental setup. If the target is even one millimeter farther away from the exit window than anticipated, the beam will lose energy as it travels through the air and will not be able to penetrate as far into the target as expected. We aim to quantify the uncertainty caused by these small amounts of air using calculations from SRIM (Stopping Range in Material) software, simNRA (simulated Nuclear Reactions Analysis) software, and integrating gamma peaks to determine counts per Coulomb