4653 research outputs found
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Role of Abscisic Acid, Reactive Oxygen Species, and Ca2+ Signaling in Hydrotropism-Drought Avoidance-Associated Response of Roots
No full textPlant roots exert hydrotropism in response to moisture gradients to avoid drought stress. The regulatory mechanism underlying hydrotropism involves novel regulators such as MIZ1 and GNOM/MIZ2 as well as abscisic acid (ABA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and Ca2+ signaling. ABA, ROS, and Ca2+ signaling are also involved in plant responses to drought stress. Although the mechanism of moisture gradient perception remains largely unknown, the sensory apparatus has been reported to reside in the root elongation zone rather than in the root cap. In Arabidopsis roots, hydrotropism is mediated by the action of MIZ1 and ABA in the cortex of the elongation zone, the accumulation of ROS at the root curvature, and the variation in the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration in the entire root tip including the root cap and stele of the elongation zone. Moreover, root exposure to moisture gradients has been proposed to cause asymmetric ABA distribution or Ca2+ signaling, leading to the induction of the hydrotropic response. A comprehensive and detailed analysis of hydrotropism regulators and their signaling network in relation to the tissues required for their function is apparently crucial for understanding the mechanisms unique to root hydrotropism. Here, referring to studies on plant responses to drought stress, we summarize the recent findings relating to the role of ABA, ROS, and Ca2+ signaling in hydrotropism, discuss their functional sites and plausible networks, and raise some questions that need to be answered in future studies.Plant Science
Dynamic relationship between green bonds, energy prices, geopolitical risk, and disaggregated level CO2 emissions: evidence from the globe by novel WLMC approach
No full textThis research analyzes the dynamic relationship between green bonds, energy prices, geopolitical risk, and CO2 emissions. In doing so, the study examines the global scale at disaggregated (i.e., sectoral) level, applies a novel time and frequency-based approach (i.e., wavelet local multiple correlation-WLMC), and uses high-frequency daily data between 1st January 2020 and 28th April 2023. In doing so, the study considers the potential differences among sectors. So, aggregated and disaggregated level CO2 emissions on sectoral bases are investigated. Hence, the study comprehensively uncovers the effect of the aforementioned indicators on global CO2 emissions. The results reveal that on CO2 emissions (i) the most influential factor is the geopolitical risk (2020/1-2021/5), green bonds (2021/5-2021/7), energy prices (2021/7-2023/1), and green bonds (2023/1-2023/4) || (ii) the effects of the influential factors are much weaker (stronger) at lower (higher) frequencies || (iii) the effect of the influential factors change based on times and frequencies || (iv) however, the effects of the influential factors on CO2 emissions do not differ at aggregated or disaggregated levels. Overall, the results present novel insights for time and frequency-varying effects as well as both aggregated and disaggregated level analyses of global CO(2 )emissions.Environmental Science
Student involvement and innovative teaching methods in a biophilic design education pilot elective course in interior architecture
No full textBiophilic design has gained popularity in interior design areas owing to its numerous advantages. Nevertheless, globally, Interior Architecture/Interior Architecture and Environmental Design departments lack adequate biophilic design courses in their curricula. This research investigates the impact of involving students in syllabus design and applying innovative teaching methods in a pilot elective course focused on biophilic design in interior spaces on student engagement and course sustainability. A new pilot elective course was introduced in the 2022-2023 Spring Semester at the Interior Architecture Department, Faculty of Architecture, Near East University, aiming to establish an enduring and captivating learning environment for students. Initially, a focus group study was conducted to measure students' awareness of biophilic design and integrate their ideas regarding innovative learning methods into the syllabus for an engaging elective course. Strategies like interactive learning tools, group tasks, and peer assessments were incorporated throughout the course to enhance engagement. Analysis of end-of-course surveys and student observations revealed an augmented awareness of biophilic design among students and a positive influence of innovative learning methods on course sustainability. Thus, the study suggests that an elective course offers the potential to mitigate the deficiency of biophilic design integration in undergraduate programs, augmenting students' awareness in this field. Moreover, new elective courses could deliver more sustainable and engaging learning experiences for enrolled students when structured through student involvement and innovative learning methods.Humanities, Multidisciplinary || Social Sciences, Interdisciplinar
Performance evaluation of geothermal assisted VAC systems for residential cooling purposes
No full textNowadays renewable energy sources are being integrated to HVAC-R system to reduce energy consumption of the buildings since buildings have the biggest share of the total energy consumption of nearly every country in the world. In this study, a geothermal assisted cooling system with a vapour absorption refrigeration system having ammonia water or lithium bromide-water solution pair is studied in order to meet 10 kW cooling demand of a 150 m2 detached house in Izmir, Turkey. The thermodynamic performances of the refrigeration systems are compared by conducting detailed energy, exergy analyses and parametric studies. The exergetic efficiency of the lithium bromide-water vapour absorption refrigeration system is determined as 30%, while it is 19.8% for ammonia-water vapour absorption refrigeration system. The vapour absorption refrigeration system with lithium bromide-water working pair is a better alternative for the considered house at the base case operating conditions.Thermodynamics || Energy & Fuel
Exploring Attitudes Toward Sugar Relationships Across 87 Countries: A Global Perspective on Exchanges of Resources for Sex and Companionship
No full textThe current study investigates attitudes toward one form of sex for resources: the so-called sugar relationships, which often involve exchanges of resources for sex and/or companionship. The present study examined associations among attitudes toward sugar relationships and relevant variables (e.g., sex, sociosexuality, gender inequality, parasitic exposure) in 69,924 participants across 87 countries. Two self-report measures of Acceptance of Sugar Relationships (ASR) developed for younger companion providers (ASR-YWMS) and older resource providers (ASR-OMWS) were translated into 37 languages. We tested cross-sex and cross-linguistic construct equivalence, cross-cultural invariance in sex differences, and the importance of the hypothetical predictors of ASR. Both measures showed adequate psychometric properties in all languages (except the Persian version of ASR-YWMS). Results partially supported our hypotheses and were consistent with previous theoretical considerations and empirical evidence on human mating. For example, at the individual level, sociosexual orientation, traditional gender roles, and pathogen prevalence were significant predictors of both ASR-YWMS and ASR-OMWS. At the country level, gender inequality and parasite stress positively predicted the ASR-YWMS. However, being a woman negatively predicted the ASR-OMWS, but positively predicted the ASR-YWMS. At country-level, ingroup favoritism and parasite stress positively predicted the ASR-OMWS. Furthermore, significant cross-subregional differences were found in the openness to sugar relationships (both ASR-YWMS and ASR-OMWS scores) across subregions. Finally, significant differences were found between ASR-YWMS and ASR-OMWS when compared in each subregion. The ASR-YWMS was significantly higher than the ASR-OMWS in all subregions, except for Northern Africa and Western Asia.Psychology, Clinical || Social Sciences, Interdisciplinar
Development of an integrated underfloor heating system model in TRNSYS and performance assessments
No full textIn this study, a transient model for a solar underfloor heating system with a sensible heat thermal energy storage (SHTES) system to meet the heating demand of a residential building is developed in TRNSYS software. As a novelty in the current model, rather than using the built-in modules in the software, an in-house MATLAB routine is implemented in TRNSYS to simulate the spatial and temporal variations inside a 2D slab-type SHTES tank. Long-term dynamic simulations are conducted to discuss the influences of the design and working parameters on the (i) energetic and exergetic performances, (ii) solar fraction, and (iii) CO2 emissions associated with the alternative underfloor heating systems. Parametric analyses are performed for climatically different locations, such as Izmir (Csa: Hot-summer Mediterranean climate) and Erzurum (Dfb: Warm-summer humid continental climate). Variations in charging loop mass flow rates have minimal impact on the overall system performance in Izmir and Erzurum compared to other design and working parameters. The highest energy efficiencies of the solar-aided underfloor heating system for Izmir and Erzurum are achieved for a comfort temperature of 20 degrees C with 32.9 % and 24.6 %, respectively. Regarding exergy efficiency, the highest was determined as 4.04 % with a 23.5 degrees C comfort temperature in Izmir and 3.89 % with a comfort temperature of 20 degrees C in Erzurum. As a final result of the environmental assessments, integrating solar SHTES, especially with a natural gas-based auxiliary heater, significantly reduces CO2 emissions by 99.6 % and 50.0 % in Izmir and Erzurum, respectively.Energy & Fuel
A Novel Procedure for the AHP Method for the Site Selection of Solar PV Farms
No full textThis study proposes a novel approach to enhance the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) for the selection of suitable sites for solar photovoltaic (PV) farms. This approach is particularly beneficial when it is possible to establish a predefined objective relation in the final weights of the AHP method. The methodology focuses on achieving this predefined relation introducing a systematic revision of the constants of related constraints. In this study, the costs of constructing a unit transmission line and road in the Kayseri Province are objectively related, and the initial constant matrix of the AHP method is iteratively revised until the relation of the final weights converges to the predefined one. The suitability of solar PV farm locations is classified into five classes, revealing approximately 28% (40-100% of suitability) of the province as favorably suitable and designating about 67% as restricted zones. The findings reveal notable distinctions between the revised weights and those derived from the conventional AHP method. The disparity in weights for various constraints varies from 13.5% to 7.2%. Consequently, the alterations in the area of suitability regions range from 3.4% to 50%. The revision of AHP weights results in a reduction in higher-suitability areas, coupled with a significant expansion in the region exhibiting lower suitability. Notably, the extent of change in the suitability map increases when the difference in ratios between two criteria obtained from the AHP and the predefined objective relation is high. The proposed method demonstrates its applicability in regions like Kayseri where an objective relation between criteria can be established. Given the inherent subjectivity of the AHP method, the proposed procedure becomes essential to attain more objective weights. Since the methodology objectively adjusts weights based on known ratios, it increases the accuracy and reliability of site selection studies.Energy & Fuels || Nuclear Science & Technolog
Online Self-Supervised Deep Learning for Intrusion Detection Systems
No full textThis paper proposes a novel Self-Supervised Intrusion Detection (SSID) framework, which enables a fully online Deep Learning (DL) based Intrusion Detection System (IDS) that requires no human intervention or prior off-line learning. The proposed framework analyzes and labels incoming traffic packets based only on the decisions of the IDS itself using an Auto-Associative Deep Random Neural Network, and on an online estimate of its statistically measured trustworthiness. The SSID framework enables IDS to adapt rapidly to time-varying characteristics of the network traffic, and eliminates the need for offline data collection. This approach avoids human errors in data labeling, and human labor and computational costs of model training and data collection. The approach is experimentally evaluated on public datasets and compared with well-known machine learning and deep learning models, showing that this SSID framework is very useful and advantageous as an accurate and online learning DL-based IDS for IoT systems.Computer Science, Theory & Methods || Engineering, Electrical & Electroni
An Examination of the Transformative Effect of Learning by Teaching Method in Human Rights Education
No full textHuman rights education constitutes a significant component within the global human rights regime. In the realm of human rights education, transformative approaches have gained prominence, emphasizing the necessity of educational practices beyond traditional classroom settings. This study aims to examine the impact of participatory methodologies employed in human rights education on enhancing individuals' learning and awareness regarding human rights issues. Specifically, we employ the pedagogical technique of learning by teaching, grounded in the principle that teaching is an effective means of learning. Through our research, we ascertain that the implementation of the learning by teaching approach effectively heightens the awareness and knowledge of all participants concerning human rights matters. Moreover, our study reveals that individuals who engaged in instructing their peers exhibited a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of subjects such as women's rights, slavery, and refugees' human rights when compared to those who solely attended lectures. The majority of these peer tutors also experienced transformative learning although transformative learning remained limited among the peer learner group. Consequently, our findings not only contribute to the existing body of literature on pedagogy in the field of International Relations but also stimulate further discussions pertaining to human rights education.Political Scienc
Gamification in museum tourism
No full textDevelopment Studies || Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism || Managemen