4653 research outputs found
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Estimation of flow duration and mass flow curves in ungauged tributary streams
No full textThe mastery in forecasting the streamflow rates is of great importance in the design, planning and resilience against droughts. Likewise, the application of flow duration and mass flow curves in the design of the reservoir capacity, energy generation, water allocation, etc. especially at the tributary reaches is a great challenge mostly due to the lack of information and data records. In this study, we have developed a methodology to obtain the flow duration curve (FDC) and mass flow curve (MFC) in tributary stream stations with the help of estimated streamflow rates. The procedure suggests using two alternative approaches in the selection of the reference station on the mainstream. The streamflow in the reference station is decomposed into direct runoff (DR) and base flow (BF) using one-parameter digital filter method. Together with the precipitation records in the tributary station, the DR and BF on the reference station are then used to estimate the FDC and MFC. The multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARS) and random forest (RF) methods are used to alternate each other, and the residual of the models are simulated using the autoregressive conditionally heteroscedastic (ARCH) approach to develop the hybrid MARS-ARCH and RF-ARCH models. A data set related to Coruh River Basin, in Turkey is used to confirm the methodology, while results with R2 >= 0.92, reasonable bias, and relative error in the estimation of the expected FDC and MFC rates indicated the robustness of the suggested methodology.Green & Sustainable Science & Technology || Engineering, Environmental || Environmental Science
Bibliometric analysis of the transformation in air logistics operations in terms of digitalization and sustainability
No full textDigitalization and sustainability are essential in today's globalized business environment. Within the logistics sector, aviation plays a critical role in this dynamic environment by enabling rapid, safe transportation worldwide. While applying new approaches, air logistics processes should incorporate the technologies and applications enabled by digitalization, and consider environmental, social, and economic sustainability impacts. These can be mutually beneficial in that new digital technologies can reduce environmental impacts, make a social contribution, and increase economic gains. While there is rapidly expanding literature about integrating these concepts for various purposes in different sectors, applications in air logistics are particularly promising. Accordingly, this study contributes to digital and sustainable air logistics research by identifying current trends, revealing gaps in knowledge, and proposing future research directions. To do so, a literature review and a bibliometric analysis were conducted using VosViewer software. As a result, five potential research areas were proposed.Green & Sustainable Science & Technology || Environmental Studie
Perceived leadership based on gender and femininity/masculinity of the faces of the leaders
No full textPsychology, Multidisciplinar
The Need for Etiquette and Protocol Rules in Political Communication where Courtesy Is About to Disappear
No full textSocial relations emerge in a certain order and continue within the framework of certain rules. Just as the rules of law prevent the emergence of disorder and looseness, unwritten rules such as morals and traditions regulate social relations. In this context, etiquette also has an important place in establishing quality and effective communication. Effective communication between individuals as well as between groups, societies and states is possible with mutual respect and courtesy. This becomes even more important in political communication. Conducting communication between states, between politicians or between the state and citizens with mutual respect and courtesy is a necessity for the continuation of the culture of democracy in social peace. As many politicians have underlined and complained about, political expectations and passions have recently made etiquette less important in political communication. For the political institution to move away from the belligerent attitude and enter into a conciliatory, tolerant and respectful political atmosphere, political communication should be re-examined and questioned in the light of etiquette and protocol rules. In this article, the importance of etiquette and protocol rules in the communication of political persons/institutions/organizations is discussed with examples.Humanities, Multidisciplinar
High voltage response of graphene/4H-SiC UV photodetector with low level detection
No full textA self-powered graphene/silicon carbide (G/4H-SiC) ultraviolet photodetector of a p-i-n like-structure with high voltage response has been fabricated to detect and measure low intensity ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Bilayer graphene sheet grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method was transferred on the top of an epilayer structure of n-/n+ 4 H-SiC. In this structure, two Schottky contacts were formed: one at G/ n- 4H-SiC interface and the other at bulk-4 H-SiC/Cr/Au interface. The photodetector's characteristic measurements revealed low dark current of - 0.58 nA and spectral voltage responsivity of - 0.75 V/W at 300 nm wavelength. Under low level UV illumination of 300 nm wavelength, the photodetector exhibited a leakage current and a photogenerated response voltage of 1.1 nA and 10 mV, respectively. The time-dependent photovoltage measurements displayed a rapid photovoltage response with rise and decay times of -74 ns and - 580 ns, respectively. This novel device holds promise for applications requiring sensitive and self-powered UV detection.Chemistry, Physical || Materials Science, Multidisciplinary || Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineerin
The role of port smartness in achieving sustainable development goals
No full textThis research aims to investigate the simultaneous effect of smartness and sustainability in port cities. For this purpose, this study introduces the Smart Port Sustainability Index (SPSI) as a key metric for measuring the impact of port smartness on sustainable development goals. The results of SPSI values for different ports show that higher levels of intelligence do not necessarily correspond to greater sustainability. Ports that solely focus on adopting smart technologies may disregard environmental and social components of sustainable development. Alternatively, the efforts made by ports to achieve sustainable development goals can be regarded as a favorable factor in enhancing the intelligence and sustainability of ports. Furthermore, the regional analysis indicates that European ports outperform ports in North America and Asia across all three: sustainability indicators, Smartness operation, and the Smart Port Sustainability Index.Transportatio
Visual mental imagery and verbal working memory: evidence from consecutive interpreting
No full textThe link between the different types and components of mental imagery and efficiency in tasks involving memory storage and processing is not clear. The direction of the effect (facilitation/deterioration) usually depends on the task in question and the cognitive processes involved. Here, we investigate the possible contribution of visual and auditory imagery components to performance in a verbal working memory task (i.e. consecutive interpreting) in which accuracy is not dependent on mental imagery yet with high individual variability due to exacting memory and cognitive control demands. The mental imagery of 38 translation-interpreting undergraduates was measured on four self-reported scales with the vividness, control, and preference components and with a mental rotation test. Participants were then asked to consecutively interpret 10 speeches from English into Turkish. Mixed-effects models revealed that only control of visual mental imagery measured with Gordon's Test of Visual Imagery Control predicts verbal transfer accuracy in consecutive interpreting.Psychology, Experimenta
Enhancing Meteorological Drought Modeling Accuracy Using Hybrid Boost Regression Models: A Case Study from the Aegean Region, Turkiye
No full textThe impact of climate change has led to significant changes in hydroclimatic patterns and continuous stress on water resources through frequent wet and dry spells. Hence, understanding and effectively addressing the escalating impact of climate change on hydroclimatic patterns, especially in the context of meteorological drought, necessitates precise modeling of these phenomena. This study focuses on assessing the accuracy of drought modeling using the well-established Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) in the Aegean region of Turkiye. The study utilizes monthly precipitation data from six stations in Cesme, Kusadasi, Manisa, Seferihisar, Selcuk and Izmir at Kucuk Menderes Basin covering the period from 1973 to 2020. The dataset is divided into three sets, training (60%), validation (20%), and testing (20%) sets. The study aims to determine the SPI-3, SPI-6 and SPI-12 using a multi-station prediction technique. Three boosting regression models (BRMs), namely Extreme Gradient Boosting (XgBoost), Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost), and Gradient Boosting (GradBoost), were employed and optimized with the help of the Weighted Mean of Vectors (INFO) technique. Model performances were then evaluated with the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Coefficient of Determination (R-2) and the Willmott Index (WI). Results demonstrated a distinct superiority of the XgBoost model over AdaBoost and GradBoost in terms of accuracy. During the test phase, the XgBoost model achieved RMSEs of 0.496, 0.429 and 0.389 for SPI-3, SPI-6 and SPI-12, respectively. The WIs were 0.899, 0.901 and 0.825 for SPI-3, SPI-6 and SPI-12, respectively. These are considerably lower than the corresponding values obtained by the other models. Yet, the comparative statistical analysis further underscores the effectiveness of XgBoost in modeling extended periods of drought in the Aegean region of Turkiye.Green & Sustainable Science & Technology || Environmental Sciences || Environmental Studie
Protracted displacement and housing systems in intermediary cities: the case of Syrians in Torbalı, Türkiye
No full textThis article investigates the dynamics of complex housing systems within the context of large-scale protracted displacement in Turkey/Turkiye. It presents new empirical findings from a qualitative study conducted in Torbali, a rapidly growing intermediate city with a significant population of Syrian displaced people. Drawing on theoretical and conceptual insights from housing studies, urban studies and migration studies, the article assesses the ways in which displacement materialises in place through housing and contributes to city-making and urbanisation processes informally, incrementally, and in locally and historically contingent manners. We argue that the forms and dynamics of emerging housing exhibit both continuity but most markedly significant disjuncture from past housing trajectories in Torbali. This challenges the implicit assumption of legal uniformity of self-builders common in incremental housing debates and suggests that the notion of incremental housing has limited relevance in contexts of protracted urban displacement. Furthermore, findings underline the significance of legal dimensions in energising housing informalities || in grading socio-legal statuses of resident populations || in bounding displaced people's mobilities || in demarcating labour flows || in moulding rental markets || and in directing the flows of housing materials. These in turn shape current and future urban built environments and mould the ways in which the urbanisation of refuge manifests.Environmental Studies || Regional & Urban Planning || Urban Studie
An Exploratory Analysis of Sustainability Indicators in Turkish Small- and Medium-Sized Industrial Enterprises
No full textSignificant differences exist between the sustainability practices of large businesses and those of small- and medium-sized enterprises in the industrial sector. Small- and medium-sized enterprises have restricted access to capital, resources, and experience. Most sustainable manufacturing strategies are based on indicators and evaluation models developed for large firms. This study aims to identify sustainability indicators for small- and medium-sized industrial firms. The sustainability indicators are generated from the G4-specific standard disclosures of the Global Reporting Initiative, which provide a triple-bottom-line approach. A total of 142 senior and middle sustainability-focused managers and partners participated in the survey. An exploratory factor analysis was performed in the first step, and 12 key factors were found. The Best-Worst Method (BWM) was employed in the second step to rank the criteria in order of priority. As a theoretical contribution, this study introduces human rights and economic impact on society as two additional sustainability indicators for small- and medium-sized enterprises. The two most significant aspects of sustainability for Turkish small- and medium-sized businesses are labor rights and energy saving. This study provides empirical evidence from a broad range of stakeholders for the conceptually addressed challenges of sustainability in prior studies. The results demonstrate empirically that the sustainability-based value creation for stakeholder interests, such as employees at the core of business activities, is greater in small and medium enterprises than for other stakeholders. This study's findings will give managers a framework for establishing key sustainability indicators for allocating the limited resources of small- and medium-sized enterprises.Green & Sustainable Science & Technology || Environmental Sciences || Environmental Studie