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Validation of the Short Version (TLS-15) of the Triangular Love Scale (TLS-45) across 37 Languages
No full textLove is a phenomenon that occurs across the world and affects many aspects of human life, including the choice of, and process of bonding with, a romantic partner. Thus, developing a reliable and valid measure of love experiences is crucial. One of the most popular tools to quantify love is Sternberg's 45-item Triangular Love Scale (TLS-45), which measures three love components: intimacy, passion, and commitment. However, our literature review reveals that most studies (64%) use a broad variety of shortened versions of the TLS-45. Here, aiming to achieve scientific consensus and improve the reliability, comparability, and generalizability of results across studies, we developed a short version of the scale-the TLS-15-comprised of 15 items with 5-point, rather than 9-point, response scales. In Study 1 (N = 7,332), we re-analyzed secondary data from a large-scale multinational study that validated the original TLS-45 to establish whether the scale could be truncated. In Study 2 (N = 307), we provided evidence for the three-factor structure of the TLS-15 and its reliability. Study 3 (N = 413) confirmed convergent validity and test-retest stability of the TLS-15. Study 4 (N = 60,311) presented a large-scale validation across 37 linguistic versions of the TLS-15 on a cross-cultural sample spanning every continent of the globe. The overall results provide support for the reliability, validity, and cross-cultural invariance of the TLS-15, which can be used as a measure of love components-either separately or jointly as a three-factor measure.Psychology, Clinical || Social Sciences, Interdisciplinar
Impact of disaggregated level clean electricity on CO2 emissions: Evidence from EU-5 countries by bivariate and multivariate QQ approaches
No full textConsidering the energy crisis in Europe and searching for alternatives, this study investigates the impact of clean electricity generation (EG) types on the environment. So, the study focuses on EU-5 countries (Germany-DEU, Spain-ESP, France-FRA, United Kingdom-GBR, and Italy-ITA), uses CO2 emissions as environmental indicator, and considers clean EG types as explanatory variables by controlling geopolitical risk. Accordingly, the study uses data from 2(nd) January 2019 to 29(th) February 2024 and applies bivariate and multivariate quantile-on-quantile regression (BQQ & MQQ) and Granger causality-in-quantiles (GCQ) as the fundamental approaches, while quantile regression (QR) is performed for the consistency check. The outcomes reveal that (i) hydro EG increases CO2 emissions across countries excluding DEU at lower and middle quantiles || (ii) solar EG curbs CO2 emissions at middle quantiles in DEU, higher quantiles in ESP and FRA, and middle and higher quantiles in ITA || (iii) wind EG has an almost decreasing impact across quantiles excluding higher quantiles in DEU and FRA || (iv) clean EG types are almost causally impactful on CO2 emissions across quantiles || (v) geopolitical risk decreases the power of the impact of clean EG alternatives on CO2 emissions, but does not change them in a reverse way. To sum up, the impact of clean EG types on CO2 emissions in EU-5 countries varies across EG types, quantiles, and countries. Thus, the study suggests that wind EG is highly beneficial for all EU-5 countries, while there is also room for growth to benefit from hydro and solar EG for some countries.Environmental Studie
Carnitine modulates antioxidative defense in ABI2 mutant under salt stress
No full textCarnitine, a ubiquitous compound in living organisms, fulfills diverse roles in energy metabolism, stress resilience, and detoxification. Its antioxidant and osmolyte traits offer relief to stressed plants. Antagonizing abscisic acid (ABA), carnitine influences ABA-responsive genes. Our study, using Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type Ler. (Landsberg erecta) and ABA-insensitive abi2-1 mutants, explored carnitine's impact on antioxidative responses and ABI2's role in salt-induced carnitine metabolism. The application of 5 mu M carnitine has alleviated the decrease in RWC, shoot weight, and rosette diameter WT plants caused by 80 mM salt stress for 4 days. Carnitine reduced cell membrane damage and salinity effects, evidenced by decreased lipid peroxidation and H2O2. In contrast, the impaired ABI2 of abi2-1, due to deficient phosphatase activity, further exacerbated the inhibitory effect of carnitine on the enzymes of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, consequently reducing stress mitigation. While abi2-1 mutants exhibited unchanged superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, they demonstrated increased catalase and peroxidase activity following carnitine treatment under salt stress compared to WT plants. Conversely, wild-type WT plants treated with carnitine exhibited elevated total glutathione content under salt stress, a response not observed in abi2-1 mutants under carnitine treatment. These results underscore the crucial role of ABI2-dependent ABA signaling in regulating plant carnitine metabolism.Plant Science
How the Pandemic Shaped the Digital Skills of Journalists in Turkey
No full textDigitalization process has been changing the work patterns and practices of media professionals all over the world in the last decade. This research focuses on perceptions of journalists in Turkey on the digital transformation of journalism considering accelerated digitalization and abrupt changes in news production and distribution especially during the pandemic. It is based on in-depth interviews conducted towards the end of the Covid-19 Pandemic with editors and reporters to explore their perceptions about digitalization, the ways in which they respond to disruption in journalism, and the ways in which adapted to the new media environment. Our study suggests that the COVID 19 pandemic has been an accelerator in terms of enhancing the digital skills and capabilities of journalists in Turkey, but the findings indicate that these mostly have remained as personal efforts rather than institutional or sectoral initiatives in an increasingly consolidated and polarized media environment.Communicatio
ARCHITECTURAL LIGHTING DESIGN EVALUATION OF IZMIR ATATURK MUSEUM
No full textDaylight is essential for enhancing visual comfort but poses risks to museum artefacts due to heat, UV radiation, and light fluctuations. Careful management of daylight penetration in museums may involve blocking or directing openings, which could mean that the displays' illumination must either entirely or partially rely on electrical lighting. Implementing such architectural changes in heritage buildings for museums requires more careful consideration and balancing architectural integrity with improving lighting conditions. An assessment of the lighting design of the Ataturk Museum, housed in a historic building in Izmir, Turkey, originally a mansion built in 1875, is presented in this study. The primary objective is to analyse the architectural lighting design, focusing on visual quality and artefact conservation, particularly Ataturk's personal belongings. This study attempts to report and assess electrical and daylight usage, provides suggestions for demanding display areas from a visitor's perspective through on-site evaluations, and aims to record this culturally and architecturally significant building for future researchers.Engineering, Electrical & Electronic || Optic
Q-learning guided algorithms for bi-criteria minimization of total flow time and makespan in no-wait permutation flowshops
No full textCombining Deep Reinforcement Learning and meta-heuristic techniques represents a new research direction for enhancing the search capabilities of meta-heuristic methods in the context of production scheduling. Q-learning is a prominent reinforcement learning in which its utilization aims to direct the selection of actions, thus preventing the necessity for a random exploration in the iterative process of the metaheuristics. In this study, we provide Q-learning guided algorithms for the Bi-Criteria No-Wait Flowshop Scheduling Problem (NWFSP). The problem is treated as a bi-criteria combinatorial optimization problem where total flow time and makespan are optimized simultaneously. Firstly, a deterministic mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model is provided. Then, Q-learning guided algorithms are developed: Bi-Criteria Iterated Greedy Algorithm with Q-Learning (BCIGQL). Bi-Criteria Block Insertion Heuristic Algorithm with Q-Learning (BC-BIHQL). Moreover, the performance of the proposed Q-learning guided algorithms is compared over a collection of Bi-Criteria Genetic Local Search Algorithms (BC-GLS), Bi-Criteria Iterated Greedy Algorithm (BC-IG), Bi-Criteria Iterated Greedy Algorithm with a Local Search (BC-IGALL) and Bi-Criteria Variable Block Insertion Heuristic Algorithm (BC-VBIH). The complete computational experiment, performed on 480 problem instances of Vallada et al. (2015), which is known as the VRF benchmark set, indicates that the BC-BIHQL and the BC-IGQL algorithms outperform the BC-GLS, BC-IG, BCIGALL, and BC-VBIH algorithms in comparative performance metrics. More specifically, the proposed BC-BIHQL and BC-IGQL algorithms can yield more non-dominated bi-criteria solutions with the most substantial competitiveness than the remaining algorithms. At the same time, both are competitive with each other on the benchmark problems. Moreover, the BC-IGQL algorithm dominates almost 97% and 99% of the solutions reached by the BC-IG, BC-IGALL, and BC-VBIH algorithms in small and large datasets. Similarly, The BC-BIHQL algorithm dominates almost 98% and 99% of the solutions reached by the BC-IG, BC-IGALL, and BC-VBIH algorithms in small and large datasets, respectively. This means that, among all the features that have been compared, the Qlearning-guided algorithms demonstrate the highest level of competitiveness. The outcomes of this study encourage us to discover many more bi-criteria NWFSPs to reveal the trade-off between other conflicting objectives, such as makespan & the number of early jobs, to overcome various industries' problems.Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence || Computer Science, Theory & Method
An efficient procedure for optimal maintenance intervention in partially observable multi-component systems
No full textWith rapid advances in technology, many systems are becoming more complex, including ever-increasing numbers of components that are prone to failure. In most cases, it may not be feasible from a technical or economic standpoint to dedicate a sensor for each individual component to gauge its wear and tear. To make sure that these systems that may require large capitals are economically maintained, one should provide maintenance in a way that responds to captured sensor observations. This gives rise to conditionbased maintenance in partially observable multi -component systems. In this study, we propose a novel methodology to manage maintenance interventions as well as spare part quantity decisions for such systems. Our methodology is based on reducing the state space of the multi -component system and optimizing the resulting reduced -state Markov decision process via a linear programming approach. This methodology is highly scalable and capable of solving large problems that cannot be approached with the previously existing solution procedures.Engineering, Industrial || Operations Research & Management Scienc
Heuristic methods for integrated incremental schedule design and fleet assignment problem for hub and spoke network
No full textManaging airline inbound and outbound schedules among passenger demand and aircraft utility complexity are addressed through three proposed heuristic methods for integrated schedule design and fleet assignment problem (ISDFAP) in single-hub, two-flight leg hub-and-spoke networks. The second heuristic, considering waiting time and available seat capacity, contrasts with the first, focusing only on waiting time for passenger-flight assignments. Meanwhile, the third heuristic considers aircraft buffer time and stay time restrictions at the destination. Comparing the first two heuristics reveals that considering seat availability does not reduce waiting time. Flight departure time adjustments and overall timetable changes depend significantly on buffer time and wait time criteria.Engineering, Aerospac
Enhancing electromagnetic interference shielding performance of polyester fabrics through composite polymer coating with metal oxides and expanded graphite
No full textRadio frequency (RF) devices, in which use of high frequency electromagnetic waves, may cause electromagnetic interference (EMI), have been an essential part of the human being due to their large area applications especially as transmitters, receivers, computers, televisions, and mobile phones. However, the pollution caused by RF and/or EMI should not be underestimated. For this reason, studies have been carried out to develop shielding properties against EMI of various products, in particular of wearable fabrics. With this manner, in this study, composite polymer coated textiles were designed and produced by utilizing polyester base fabric, polyvinylidene fluoride coating polymer (matrix) and some additives (fillers) such as expanded graphite (E-GR), bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) and copper oxide micro/nano-particles. The experimental design on the preparation of the samples based on the unary, binary, and ternary combinations of the additives was created to investigate their combined effects on the EMI shielding performances. Samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and vector network analyzer. According to the results, it can be inferred that the fillers are homogeneously distributed along the all surface without a chemical interaction with the matrix of continuous and compact composite coatings. Among the samples, the highest EMI performance with 19 dB shielding effectiveness was recorded for the sample containing E-GR and Bi2O3 in which of the 98.74% electromagnetic signals were blocked along 8-12 GHz frequency range.Engineering, Electrical & Electronic || Materials Science, Multidisciplinary || Physics, Applied || Physics, Condensed Matte
Analyzing the Direct Effect of Multidimensional Country Image on Purchase Intention: A Preliminary Study on Foreign Student in Turkiye
No full textThe study examined direct effect of country image on purchase intention of Turkish product or service in the sample of foreign students. The questionnaire was developed by measures in literature and research was conducted by convenience sampling with foreign students living in Izmir City. In findings, multidimensional country image was confirmed and its seven dimensions were obtained. It was found out that country image explained 19.9% of variance in purchase intention. This study filled the gap by confirming multidimensional structure of Turkiye's country image and showed direct effects of country image on purchase intention in the foreign student sample.Busines