Advances in molecular oncology (E-Journal) / Успехи молекулярной онкологии
Not a member yet
    309 research outputs found

    Модулирование образования активных форм азота ингредиентами растительных продуктов при ингибировании канцерогенеза

    Get PDF
    The review analyzes literature data and the results of our own research on the role of reactive nitrogen species (NO, NO2, N2O3) in the initiation and progression of tumors. The possibility of modulating the activity of inducible NO synthase by the biologically active components of plant products and their effect on carcinogenesis is analyzed. Possible mechanisms of the ambiguous action of NO and its metabolic products in the mechanisms of carcinogenesis are discussed. The generalization and analysis of these data allowed us to formulate some principles for the use of substances that modulate the activity of inducible NO synthase and affect the formation of NO and its metabolic products in inhibiting carcinogenesis.В обзоре анализируются данные литературы и результаты собственных исследований о роли активных форм азота (NO, NO2, N2O3) в инициации и прогрессии опухолей. Анализируется возможность модуляции активности индуцибельной NO-синтазы биологически активными компонентами растительных продуктов и их влияние на канцерогенез. Обсуждаются возможные механизмы неоднозначного действия NO и продуктов его метаболизма в канцерогенезе. Обобщение и анализ этих данных позволили сформулировать некоторые принципы применения веществ, модулирующих активность индуцибельной NO-синтазы и влияющих на образование NO и продуктов его метаболизма при ингибировании канцерогенеза

    Иммуногистохимический анализ аберрантной экспрессии виментина в карциноидных опухолях легкого

    Get PDF
    Objective: to the study of the vimentin aberrant expression in the carcinoid tumors of lung, which is a rare group of epithelial neuroendocrine neoplasms with common morphological characteristics and highly variable clinical course.Materials and methods. Vimentin expression was studied using immunohistochemical analysis in neoplasms of 34 patients with lung carcinoid tumors, which included 17 cases in the categories of typical and atypical carcinoids.Results. Overall positive cytoplasmic immunoreactivity was observed in 9 (26.5 %) of the 34 studied tumors. Staining for vimentin was positive in 2 (11.8 %) of typical carcinoid and in 7 (41.2 %) of atypical carcinoid specimens. Expression of vimentin was more often observed  in the atypical carcinoids category and was significantly associated with increased grade (p = 0.05), and cell proliferation taking into account the Ki-67 index (p = 0.008).Conclusion. These results suggest that expression of vimentin as an epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related marker plays an important role in the progression of carcinoid tumors. It may prove useful for diagnostic purposes, and also be used as a potential criterion for prognosis assessment of this type of tumors

    Молекулярно-генетические аспекты внутрипеченочного холангиоцеллюлярного рака: обзор литературы

    Get PDF
    The modern concept of therapy for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma including surgical treatment, must take into account the achievements of molecular biology and modern staging principles. A detailed understanding of the molecular genetic (genetic and epigenetic) disorders underlying the pathogenesis of cholangiocarcinoma is important, which will improve the results of surgical treatment and expand the possibilities of personalized (targeted) therapy. Based on new data on cholangiocarcinogenesis, molecular profiling of bile duct tumors may be most appropriate for the selection of treatment in cases refractory to standard therapy. Current potential target therapy targets include endothelial growth factor receptors, fibroblast growth factor, MET tyrosine kinase, PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation. The review considers the molecular-genetic aspects underlying the pathogenesis and modern principles of staging intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

    Макрофаги, ассоциированные с опухолью: современное состояние исследований и перспективы клинического использования

    Get PDF
    Macrophages are the key cells of the innate immune system. One of the main functions of macrophages is the regulation of inflammation. Being common in all tissues and organs of the human body, tissue macrophages control their condition and guarantee a timely and effective response to damage, pathogen penetration or cell transformation. After eliminating the cause of inflammation, macrophages initiate the processes of healing and restoration of tissue homeostasis. At the end of the 20th century, the concept of macrophage activation dichotomy was proposed, which divided them into classically (M1) and alternatively (M2) activated ones. The development of this concept has led to the description of a wide variety of macrophage phenotypes. At the same time, M2 continues to be considered a prototype of tumor associated macrophages (TAM).TAM represent one of the most important cell types in the tumor microenvironment. Like all macrophages, they have a certain level of heterogeneity and plasticity, which develop under the influence of cytokines and growth factors produced by tumor cells. TAM, in turn, produces growth factors, cytokines and extracellular matrix components that support the progression of the tumor and increase its malignant potential. Numerous clinical studies have shown that the amount of TAM is often correlated with a poor prognosis of the disease. TAM perform a large number of functions necessary to maintain tumor progression. They are capable of stimulating angiogenesis and reorganization of the vascular system. Since the role of TAM in tumor development has become apparent, various attempts have been made to use them in the clinic.  It can be confidently asserted that various TAM markers are very attractive as diagnostic and prognostic markers of various tumors, and also as promising targets for the development of new targeted therapeutic agents

    Экзосомальные протеазы при колоректальном раке

    Get PDF
    The objective is to evaluate the level of ADAM10 and ADAM17 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase) proteases, as well as 20S-proteasomes in blood plasma exosomes of patients with colorectal cancer.Materials and methods. The study included 60 patients with colorectal cancer (T2–4N0–2M0–1) and 10 control patients. The material for the study was EDTA blood plasma. Exosomes of blood plasma were isolated by ultrafiltration with ultracentrifugation. The level of tetraspanin-associated (ADAM10 and ADAM17) and tetraspanin-non-associated (20S-proteasome) proteases was evaluated by flow cytometry and Western blotting.Results. A twice negative subpopulation (ADAM10–/ADAM17–) predominated in blood plasma exosomes of colorectal cancer patients and control patients. The level of ADAM10+/ADAM17– exosomes was significantly higher in the exosomes of the plasma of control patients. There were no significant differences between the ADAM10/ADAM17 subpopulations and the 20S-proteasome level, depending on sex, age and tumor grade. A decrease in the ADAM10+/ADAM17– subpopulation was found in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer with hematogenous metastases compared with patients with T2–4N1–2M0 and 20S-proteasome compared to T2–4N0M0. A decrease in ADAM10–/ ADAM17+ exosomes and 20S-proteasomes level was found in exosomes of patients with colorectal cancer with a metabolic syndrome  in comparison with patients without metabolic disorders

    Клинико-генетические аспекты дифференциальной диагностики наследственного неполипозного колоректального рака

    Get PDF
    Lynch syndrome was synonymous with hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer for a long time, however, mapping of the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes has led to distinguish Lynch syndrome as an independent syndromic unit from a number of Lynch-like syndromes that phenotypically mimic with the most frequent hereditary variant of colon cancer but genetically representing quite a heterogeneous group. This article presents up to date clinical and genetic characteristics of Lynch syndrome and Lynch-like conditions.Синдром Линча продолжительное время являлся синонимом наследственного неполипозного колоректального рака, однако после картирования генов системы репарации неспаренных оснований ДНК (MMR) и выделения синдрома Линча в самостоятельную единицу в группе наследственного неполипозного колоректального рака определился ряд схожих синдромов, фенотипически мимикрирующих с наиболее частым наследственным вариантом рака толстой кишки, но генетически представляющих собой гетерогенную группу. В настоящей статье описаны современные представления о клинических и генетических характеристиках синдрома Линча и подобных ему состояний

    Клинико-анамнестические и молекулярно-генетические критерии синдрома Линча

    Get PDF
    Lynch syndrome is the most common cancer-prone syndrome associated with a high risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), neoplasms of the upper gastrointestinal system, the urinary tract, the female reproductive system, brain tumours and others. The only known form of hereditary endometrial cancer is also diagnosed as part of Lynch syndrome. One or more pathogenic germline mutations in one of the mismatch repair (MMR) genes are the cause of Lynch syndrome. Mapping of MMR genes and the discovery of microsatellite instability (MSI) have given rise to the possibility of using these clue characteristics of the pathogenic process for the elaboration of a screening test for Lynch syndrome. Being highly accurate and superior to all previously developed clinical criteria and guidelines, MSI-testing along with the assessment of the expression patterns of MMR proteins by immunohistochemistry has taken the leading role in the early diagnosis of Lynch syndrome. This article focuses on a brief review about the main evolutionary stages of clinical, anamnestic, molecular and genetic criteria for Lynch syndrome together with the results of our own research on the accuracy of the Amsterdam criteria, the Bethesda guidelines and MSI-diagnostics in the determination of the indications for MMR-genotyping in colorectal cancer patients suspected for Lynch syndrome.Синдром Линча (СЛ) – самый частый наследственный онкологический синдром, ассоциированный с высоким риском развития рака толстой кишки, злокачественных новообразований верхних отделов желудочно-кишечного тракта, мочевыделительной системы, головного мозга, женской репродуктивной системы. В составе СЛ диагностируется единственно известная форма наследственного рака тела матки. Этиологическим фактором развития СЛ являются герминальные мутации в генах системы репарации неправильно спаренных оснований ДНК (DNA mismatch repair (MMR)). Картирование данных генов, а также открытие феномена микросателлитной нестабильности (microsatellite instability, MSI) расширило наши представления о патогенезе линч-ассоциированных опухолей и стало основой для молекулярных скрининговых исследований. Превышая в диагностической точности все разработанные ранее клинические критерии и рекомендации, MSI-тестирование наряду с оценкой экспрессии MMR-белков при иммуногистохимическом исследовании уверенно занимает лидирующее место в ранней диагностике СЛ. В данной статье приведен краткий обзор литературы, отражающий основные эволюционные этапы развития клинико-анамнестических и молекулярногенетических критериев СЛ, а также собственные данные, демонстрирующие точность амстердамских критериев, рекомендаций Бетезда и MSI-диагностики при определении показаний для MMR-генотипирования у больных с формально-генетическим диагнозом рака толстой кишки в составе СЛ

    Новые подходы в 3D-моделировании роста in vitro первичных культур злокачественных глиом

    Get PDF
    Background. The incidence of brain gliomas firmly occupies a leading position among all central nervous system tumors – 40–50 % of the cases detected, more than half of them are glioblastoma. Existing cell lines and cultivation methods do not reflect all the features of the three-dimensional (3D) organization of native glioblastoma. The use of temozolomide leads to the development of drug resistance and acute relapse, followed by a poor clinical outcome. The development of resistance is largely associated with the presence of tumor stem cells in the population and intratumoral heterogeneity. Obtaining 3D cultures from the primary material will allow us to save the stem cell pool and tumor-specific features.The study objective. Get a 3D model based on primary cell cultures, which allows you to save a heterogeneous population and the original phenotype of tumor cells.Materials and methods. We used U-87MG human glioma cells and GBM002 primary cell culture obtained from surgical material with a confirmed diagnosis of glioblastoma. Neurospheres were obtained from cell lines, the growth of which was monitored using the InCell Analyzer 6000 automatic cell analysis system. Flow cytometry was used to determine the CD133+ cell content. The expression of the receptor tyrosine kinases VEGFR1, VEGFR2 (endothelial growth factor type 1 and 2 receptors), FGFR2 (fibroblast growth factor receptor type 2) and the hypoxia marker HIF-1α (hypoxia inducible factor, 1α) in the neurospheres was evaluated using confocal microscopy.Results. GBM002 glioblastoma cells isolated from the surgical material formed neurospheres, while the number of CD133+ cells increased from 1–2 to 16–19 % compared with two-dimensional cultures. During long-term cultivation of cells with non-cytotoxic doses of temozolomide, it was found that such cells form smaller neurospheres compared to control cells. It was shown that the expression of receptor tyrosine kinases during cultivation of GBM002 glioblastoma cells in neurospheres differs from that in two-dimensional cultures. We found that in neurospheres, the expression of FGFR2 and VEGFR1, is significantly increased.Conclusion. 3D cultivation of primary cultures allows one to obtain a more heterogeneous population of tumor cells that reflects the spatial heterogeneity of cells, increase the pool of stem cells and recreate hypoxia conditions inside the brain micro-tumors.Введение. Заболеваемость глиомами головного мозга прочно занимает лидирующую позицию среди всех опухолей центральной нервной системы – 40–50 % выявленных случаев, более половины из них представлены глиобластомой. Существующие клеточные линии и методы культивирования не отражают всех особенностей трехмерной (3D) организации нативной глиобластомы. Применение темозоломида приводит к развитию лекарственной устойчивости и острого рецидива с последующим плохим клиническим исходом. Развитие резистентности в значительной степени связано с наличием в популяции опухолевых стволовых клеток и внутриопухолевой гетерогенностью. Получение 3D-культур из первичного материала позволит сохранить пул стволовых клеток и специфические для конкретной опухоли особенности.Цель исследования – получить 3D-модель на основе первичных клеточных культур, позволяющую сохранить гетерогенную популяцию и исходный фенотип опухолевых клеток.Материалы и методы. Использованы клетки линии человеческой глиомы U-87MG и первичная клеточная культура GBM002, полученная из операционного материала, с подтвержденным диагнозом глиобластомы. Из клеточных линий были получены нейросферы, рост которых контролировали с помощью автоматической системы для клеточного анализа InCell Analyzer 6000. Для определения содержания клеток CD133+ использовали метод проточной цитометрии. Оценку экспрессии в нейросферах рецепторных тирозинкиназ VEGFR1, VEGFR2 (рецепторы эндотелиального фактора роста 1‑го и 2‑го типов), FGFR2 (рецептор фактора роста фибробластов 2‑го типа) и маркера гипоксии HIF-1α (фактор, индуцируемый гипоксией, 1α) проводили с помощью конфокальной микроскопии.Результаты. Клетки глиобластомы GBM002, выделенные из операционного материала, образовывали нейросферы, при этом повышалось количество клеток CD133+ с 1–2 до 16–19 % по сравнению с двухмерными культурами. При длительном культивировании клеток с нецитотоксическими дозами темозоломида установлено, что такие клетки образуют нейросферы меньшего размера по сравнению с контрольными клетками. Показано, что экспрессия рецепторных тирозинкиназ при культивировании клеток глиобластомы GBM002 в нейросферах отличается от таковой в двухмерных культурах. Установлено, что в нейросферах в значительной степени увеличивается экспрессия FGFR2 и VEGFR1.Заключение. 3D-культивирование первичных культур позволяет получать более гетерогенную популяцию опухолевых клеток, отражающую пространственную неоднородность клеток, повышать пул стволовых клеток и воссоздавать условия гипоксии внутри микроопухолей головного мозга

    Роль метилирования регуляторного района вируса папиллом человека типа 16 в экспрессии вирусных онкогенов Е6 и E7 в первичных опухолях шейки матки

    Get PDF
    Background. Overexpression of the human papillomavirus oncogenes E6 and E7 is a major factor in initiation and progression of HPV-induced tumors. Inactivation of negative regulatory function of E2 protein – the main viral transcription and replication regulator – is considered to be an important mechanism leading to the viral oncogenes overexpression. It is known that the loss of E2 functions occurs due to disruption of E2 open reading frame during the viral DNA integration into a cell genome in a part of HPV-positive tumors. An alternative mechanism of E2 function blocking in tumors retained its expression can be methylation of the HPV regulatory region, since it is known that E2 is incapable to bind its methylated binding sites.The study objective is to analyze methylation of the HPV16 regulatory region and expression of the viral E6 and E7 oncogenes in E2 expressing or non-expressing clinical samples of cervical cancer.Results. It has been demonstrated that the level of the HPV16 URR methylation in E2-expressing lesions is significantly higher than that in non-expressing cervical cancer lesions. Demethylation of the HPV16 promoter in cervical cell line Caski is followed by decrease of the viral E6 и E7 oncogenes mRNA levels, supporting the hypothesis that methylation is necessary for effective E6 and E7 transcription and indicates on restitution of E2 regulatory function in E2-expressing cervical cancer cells.Conclusion. These data suggest that methylation of E2 binding sites in HPV16 regulatory region blocking E2 protein binding represents an important mechanism ensuring high level of the viral E6 and E7 oncogenes expression

    305

    full texts

    309

    metadata records
    Updated in last 30 days.
    Advances in molecular oncology (E-Journal) / Успехи молекулярной онкологии
    Access Repository Dashboard
    Do you manage Open Research Online? Become a CORE Member to access insider analytics, issue reports and manage access to outputs from your repository in the CORE Repository Dashboard! 👇