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The actuality of Aristotelian logic: the defense of the principle of non contradiction
No full textSuntoL'articolo è una difesa dell'attualità della logica aristotelica che intende sostenere che l'argomento che Aristotele offre per dimostrare che il principio di non contraddizione è una condizione necessaria del pensiero, può essere letto come un argomento trascendentale. Dopo aver brevemente richiamato la formulazione del principio di non contraddizione, e riassunta la difesa che Aristotele ne offre; e dopo aver considerato lo scettico con cui Aristotele si confronta, viene discussa l'obiezione mossa da G. Priest all’argomento aristotelico. Successivamente viene presentata una lettura trascendentale dell'argomento aristotelico, che prova che il contenuto dei pensieri rispetta necessariamente il principio di non contraddizione ed è sempre determinato. L'argomento è compatibile con visioni differenti rispetto all’individuazione del contenuto del pensiero e all'esistenza dei paradossi, per questa ragione, risponde al criticismo di Priest. La conclusione dell'articolo è che tornare alla logica aristotelica è una buona strategia per rispondere a delle critiche nel dibattito contemporaneo al principio di non contraddizione.Keywords: principio di non contraddizione; argomento trascendentale; Aristotele; Priest.AbstractThe paper is a defense of the actuality of Aristotelian logic, by showing that Aristotle’s argument to state that the principle of non contradiction is a necessary condition of the thought can be read as a transcendental argument. After having briefly recalled the formulation of the principle and summarized its defense offered by Aristotle, and after having considered the sceptic addressed by Aristotle, it is discussed G. Priest’s objection to it. Then, it is presented a transcendental reading of Aristotle’s defense of the principle of non contradiction: the transcendental argument shows that the content of thoughts necessarily conforms to the principle, because it is always determined. The argument is compatible with different views on content and with the existence of paradoxes, for this reason, it responds to Priest’s criticism and some other possible objections to it. The conclusion of the paper is that referring back to Aristotelian logic is a good strategy to respond to objections in the contemporary debate against the principle of non contradiction.Keywords: principle of non contradiction; transcendental argument; Aristotle; Priest
Collimations & Quasi-coincidences (for fuzzy points & singletons)
No full textAbstractIn fuzzy set theory, the membership is a flexible, non-dichotomous relationship, whereby the concepts of fuzzy point, element and singleton are different from the corresponding definitions of ordinary sets. Furthermore, they are not consolidated and stable concepts. In the development of theory, these concepts, being marginal, have not been explored in depth: each author has limited himself to proposing definitions appropriate for his own purposes. In this short note, we provide an overview of solutions adopted by various authors, as well as some terminological suggestions, hoping that someone will take up the baton.Keywords: fuzzy point, fuzzy singleton, collimation, quasi-coincidence, median fuzzy set. Sunto Nella teoria degli insiemi fuzzy l’appartenenza è una relazione flessibile, non dicotomica, per cui i concetti di punto, singoletto ed elemento fuzzy si discostano dalle corrispondenti definizioni degli insiemi ordinari. Inoltre, non sono concetti consolidati e stabili. Nello sviluppo della teoria, questi concetti, essendo marginali, non sono stati approfonditi: ogni autore si è limitato a proporre definizioni opportune per le proprie finalità. In questa breve nota, noi mostriamo una panoramica di soluzioni adottate dai vari autori, nonché alcuni suggerimenti terminologici, sperando che qualcuno raccolga il testimone.Parole chiave: punto fuzzy, singoletto fuzzy, collimazione, quasi-coincidenza, insieme fuzzy mediano
Lie-admissible irreversible biological entanglements and their apparent initiation of hadronic medicine
Full text linkIn a preceding paper, two of us (R. M. S. and Th. V.) initiated the mathematical representation of life intended as the difference between organic and inorganic molecules, via the Lie-admissible hyperstructural branch of hadronic mechanics representing the size of biological entities, their contact interactions and their irreversibility over time. In this paper, we review the time reversal Lie-isotopic branch of hadronic mechanics, as well as its Lie-admissible covering, by showing that 20th century reversible Lie theories can be extended to an irreversible form by adding symmetric Jordan algebra brackets to antisymmetric Lie brackets. We then introduce, apparently for the first time: a Lie and Jordan admissible axiomatic formulation of the two directions of time; the Lie and Jordan admissible irreversible formulation of biological entanglements; their lack of visible use of energy; and a smooth connection between hadronic uncertainties at small distances and full determinism at classical distances. We then show that biological entanglements can provide a quantitative representation of the behavior by biological entities beyond our sensory perception, with expected diagnostic and curative values suggesting the apparent initiation of the novel hadronic medicine.
Multi-Criteria Decision Making and Artificial Intelligence for the School system: a systematic literature review
No full textThe right to education is a universally recognized right and school is a fundamental place in modern society. Everyone must have the opportunity to attend and receive quality education. For this reason, it is important that school facilities are accessible to all, eliminating architectural barriers that hinder or limit students with disabilities. Quantitative tools such as multicriteria models and artificial intelligence can represent a driving force to support the school system in the evaluation processes that are crucial for improving school accessibility but more generally the services provided to students and families in general. This work aims to offer a systematic analysis of the literature that analyzes the areas of application of tools such as MCDM (Multi Criteria Decision Making) and AI (Artificial Intelligence) in school contexts with particular attention to the accessibility of schools
Determining dependence among random variables across observations
Full text linkIt is common in applied research to analyze data from data generating processes with dependencies among random variables across observations. Such dependencies impact power calculations and standard errors. However, it is also common to mistake the structure of data for the structure of the data generating process and thereby to use inappropriate standard error estimators. The challenge is not merely to distinguish data from data generating processes but also to determine dependence. This paper discusses the problem and provides a four-step guide, with examples, for determining dependence of random variables across observations
Social sciences on stage: a theatrical scientific dissemination project
Full text linkOne of the biggest challenges of contemporary science is to develop innovative approach to excite society about science and scientific topics. One of the attempts to find new ways to communicate with the public has been to use artistic language to explore scientific topics. Specifically, theatre, allows to explore emotions and raise awareness of ethical and social issues. This type of art can have the power to excite people about certain topics, including scientific ones. Based on these premises, a project, titled Social sciences on stage is presented that create a creative link between social science and theater. The aim is to encourage the participation of scientists in the creation and expression of theater and to reflect on the social context of science. It will generate a reflection on the social context of science
Split Legendary Domination in graphs
Full text linkHarary and Norman introduced the line graph L(G) . We introduced the legendary domination number by combining the domination concept both in graph and its line graph. In this paper, the split domination property is studied along with the legendary domination concept. Hence the split legendary dominating set is introduced and the corresponding split legendary domination number is defined for the line graph L(G). Also, the graph theoretical parameters are studied in terms of elements of G and its relationship with other domination parameters are presented
Lie-isotopic representation of stable nuclei I: Apparent insufficiencies of quantum mechanics in nuclear physics
Full text linkAbstractIn this paper, we recall the majestic axiomatic consistency of quantum me- chanics for point-like particles and electromagnetic waves in vacuum. By following the 1935 historical argument by A. Einstein, B. Podolsky and N. Rosen that quantum mechanics is not a complete theory, we identify a number of apparent insufficiencies of quantum mechanics in nuclear physics with particular reference to the lack of numerically exact representation in one century of nuclear data, the prohibition by Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle to represent the neutron synthesis from the electron and the pro- ton in the core of stars despite their extremely big Coulomb attraction and the ensuing inability to represent the nuclear stability. We then point out that the axiomatic origin of the indicated insufficiencies appears to be due to the representation of nuclear constituents as dimensionless particles, compared to the experimentally measured extended character of the charge distribution of protons and neutrons in conditions of partial mutual penetration within a nuclear structure, with consequential strong interactions of nonlinear, non- local and nonpotential. In the second paper, we attempt a resolution of the indicated insufficiencies with ensuing exact and invariant representation of the Deuteron data. In the third paper, we present a consequential representa- tion of nuclear stability with ensuing new means of recycling nuclear waste by nuclear power plants and other advances
ARMA and/or SETAR Estimation and Out-of-Sample Forecast of the Mean-Reversion Between Brent Crude Oil and Gasoline Prices on the Ghanaian Market
Full text linkThe study investigates the existence of long-run equilibrium or mean-reversion using bivariate analysis of paired prices, as well as to test for linear and nonlinear threshold-type mean-reversion of bivariate relationships. The coefficient parameters of (non)linear VECM and threshold parameter value are estimated, and the forecast performance accuracies of the SETAR are compared to linear models of the mean-reversion process. The two-regime SETAR model gives a much better prediction of cointegration relation than linear AR model. In the test for the two-regime SETAR model for the cointegration relation against a three-regime model, the two-regime model cannot be rejected at any reasonable significance level. The 2-SETAR exhibits significant constant and trending intervention features of the price build-up process. The asymmetric behavior remained the dominant feature of our mean reversion, which was also apparent. Although the MAPE is somewhat higher than the AR and ARMA processes, the threshold models outperformed the AR and ARMA processes. In summary, the mean reversion property is heavily reliant on the events that occurred in the preceding four bi-weekly pricing-periods in the swift unusual directions. In contrast, in the slow usual direction, it relies on the occurrence of the same in the only bi-weekly pricing-periods immediately preceding it
Between objectivism and perspectivism: reasons for a philosophy and science encounter
Full text linkIn this study we explore the encounters emerging from the restructured categorizations of subjectivity in the context of an open system that constantly confronts the structures that create it. On the one hand, science formulates valid propositions through the ratio that ensures and confirms the acquisition of knowledge, but on the other hand, the truth of its propositions is related to those mental processes which seek the truth of deeper values than those discovered on the surface of reality. The question arisen in this case is by what criteria we are able to go back to removing those antinomies (objectivism/perspectivism) in order to develop the interdisciplinary terms between the humanitarian field of science and sciences in a spirit of unification. In this way, we approach the potential of scientific reformulation in terms of the above interpretive perspectives in order to project the overcoming of divisions under the principles of diversity and critical thinking both in the field of philosophy and science as well