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State Racism and the Paradox of Biopower
Get PDFAs it has often been emphasised, through the concept of biopower, Foucault attempts to move away from the problem of sovereign power. Yet, after exposing Foucault’s conceptualisation of biopower, in this article I argue that he cannot simply leave this problem behind. In particular, reflections on Nazism and how the Nazi state uses racism to sustain itself force him to return to the problem of sovereign power to explain how state killing continues to be possible, and actually takes on new and extreme forms, in modern times. These same considerations further complicate the theoretical distinction between biopower and sovereign power put forward, albeit not without hesitations, by Foucault but contested by other authors such as Agamben, while offering an interesting standpoint from which to reconsider the question of sovereignty and its interrelationship to biopower
Marcelo Hoffman, Foucault and Power: The Influence of Political Engagement on Theories of Power (New York and London: Bloomsbury, 2014), i-ix, 1-221, hb $120.00 (US), ISBN: 9781441180940
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Stephanie Rutherford, Governing the Wild: Ecotours of Power, (Minneapolis: Minne-sota University Press, 2011)
Get PDFAlmanac Songs and Singers: Protest, Détournement and Incorporation
Get PDFThis article deals with the practice of the radical leftist singing group The Almanac Singers (whose members included Woody Guthrie and Pete Seeger, among others) from their earliest anti-capitalist and anti-war songs to their later, more liberal contributions to negotiating a unified (war) effort against Fascism. Issues addressed herein include assessing strategies in the practices of musical performers who have political agendas, investigating the usefulness of Guy Debord’s terminology of détournement (“turning expressions of the capitalist system and its media culture against itself”), as well as the Birmingham School’s set of terms: commodification, familiarization and incorporation. The article progresses through a lyrics and performance analysis, and contextualizes these with attempts to situate The Almanac Singers culturally and politically in the turbulent public and clandestine discourse climate of the US in the late ‘30s and early ‘40s
China's Low Carbon Energy Policy: National Dilemmas and Global Perspectives
Get PDFChina has embarked on a more sustainable path to becoming an industrialized and developed nation. The main drivers are the insecurity of fossil energy supply, widespread pollution, and acute water shortage caused by exploitation of coal in northern China. China is now a leading nation regarding deployment of green energy technologies. But at the same time coal-based power plants seem to be commissioned more extensively than prescribed in the Five-Year Plans. Many local governments favour short term economic growth and employment creation and resent more costly green policies, despite pressure from the central government. In the coming decades, China will be the main contributor to the growing global energy consumption of especially oil, coal and nuclear power; it will also be the main contributor to global growth in CO2 emissions. However, recent policy initiatives launched by the central government aim to bypass the local opposition to greener development by introducing more economic incentives to reduce fossil fuel demand. The outcome of these attempts to weaken federalist governance will be imperative for a more sustainable development of China's energy sector
Når majoritetsmedlemmer og etniske minoritetsmedlemmer mødes
Get PDFSocialpsykologer forfægter den såkaldte kontakthypotese, hvis påstand er, at majoritetsmedlemmer bliver mere imødekommende over for etniske minoritetsmedlemmer, når de kommer i personlig kontakt med dem. Denne hypotese efterprøves på baggrund af den mest omfattende danske spørgeskemaundersøgelse nogensinde vedrørende dette emne (N = 1.928). I modsætning til tidligere internationale undersøgelser, hvori betydningen af venskaber mellem etniske grupper understreges, fremhæver denne artikel betydningen af kontakt mellem majoritetsmedlemmer og minoritetsmedlemmer i nabolaget og på arbejdspladsen. Disse to typer kontakt tilvejebringer en mere overbevisende test af kontakthypotesen, eftersom de rummer mindre selvselektion. Naboskab og kontakt på arbejdspladsen dækker samtidig langt flere sociale relationer end venskaber, som primært vedrører en snæver privatsfære. Artiklen bidrager til den socialpsykologiske litteratur om kontakteffekter med tre hovedkonklusioner. For det første rummer kontakt i nabolaget og på arbejdspladsen mere meningsfuld samtale, end fagfolk hidtil har antaget. For det andet øger begge former for kontakt den etniske tolerance. For det tredje er det samtale og meningsudvekslinger, som delvis forklarer, hvorfor kontakt gør majoritetsmedlemmer mere tolerante over for minoritetsmedlemmer.
ENGELSK ABSTRACT:
Arzoo Rafiqi and Jens Peter Frølund Thomsen: When the Ethnic Majority Meets Ethnic Minority Members
This paper examines the so-called intergroup contact hypothesis by redirecting focus away from the friendship measure preferred by social psychologists. Although theoretically important, the friendship measure is infected by self-selection biases, and its social coverage is too limited, at least in a European context. Instead, this paper focuses on workplace contact and residential contact. It examines how these relate to ethnic tolerance, as reflected in support for various rights of ethnic minority members. These two types of intergroup contact provide a stronger test of the key hypothesis (contact has a positive influence on tolerance) as they do not meet all the ideal conditions. The analysis shows that although residential contact and workplace contact are more superficial (in terms of self-disclosure), they are both positively related to ethnic tolerance. In fact, both types of contact are as strongly related to ethnic tolerance as intimate cross-group friendship. We conclude that intergroup contact effects are robust as they are capable of occurring in unfavorable circumstances. The analyses are performed on the basis of a Danish national probability sample from 2009.
Keywords: intergroup contact, ethnic tolerance, cross-group friendship, residential contact, workplace contact
