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The Impact of the Global Financial Crisis on China's Banking Sector
Get PDFThe banking sector had long been left at the fringes of China's reform policies. Major initiatives of the 1990 and early 2000s helped to balance the need for modernization and internationalization with the objective of preserving political control. When the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) erupted in 2007, it hit the Chinese economy but predominantly in its export sector and much less in its financial sector. Yet when exports collapsed and factories closed in the winter of 2008/2009, the Chinese leadership implemented an ambitious stimulus program and used its leverage over the financial sector to re-start economic growth. These factors – GFC and domestic stimulus – created a series of intended and unintended outcomes. Financial reform in China entered a new stage signalling a profound change in China's banking sector. These changes follow two sometimes contradictive, sometimes mutually reinforcing reform dynamics of top-down policies and bottom-up innovation. In this article we follow an institutional approach and discuss the intensified participation of China's big banks in the Go Out strategy, followed by a shift in the pattern of lending. One factor in this change is the rise of shadow banking and particularly an explosive growth in internet-based financial services. Thus, while the initial reaction to the GFC re-emphasized direct, top-down state involvement in the banking sector, the outcomes of the GFC, China's policies and business innovations have facilitated profound bottom-up changes
Wendy Brown, Undoing the Demos: Neoliberalism’s Stealth Revolution (New York: Zone Books, 2015) ISBN 978-1-935408-53-6
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Legal Discrimination in the United States based on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity
Get PDFWhen the U.S. Supreme Court declared that same-sex marriage would be legal throughout the country, that decision did not end the possibility of other types of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity. The U.S. Supreme Court has been very unclear about what standard to use when the courts face claims of discrimination based on these characteristics. In cases decided under the Fourteenth Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause, the Court has stated that lower courts should use one of three standards, based on the type of discrimination alleged. These three standards for review are known as rational basis, intermediate review, and strict scrutiny. This article, based on both empirical and normative analysis, will explore the proper legal standard that the Supreme Court should use in these cases. Since several states have begun to enact laws that encourage discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity, this article will argue that the Supreme Court should use strict scrutiny in these cases because the LGBT community is clearly a discrete and insular minority subject to targeted discrimination
Reading and Teaching Cathy Park Hong’s Dance Dance Revolution beyond National Borders
Get PDFThis essay discusses Cathy Park Hong’s book-length poem Dance Dance Revolution (2007) in the context of the transnational turn in American studies. The essay discusses the ways in which the text thematizes history and language in its representation of contemporary global issues and argues that Dance Dance Revolution provides an important context for discussing issues and conflicts arising between the contemporary West and its discontents, and for interrogating modes of global cultural and linguistic fluidity. It then draws on the author’s experience of teaching the text in an advanced undergraduate course at a Finnish university as it examines the applicability of a transnational approach to teaching US literature and cultural studies in a contemporary European context
Shakespeare from a Minority Point of View: Ted Lange’s Othello
Get PDFOthello (1989) is a little-known independent film directed and produced by Ted Lange. Released at the end of the 1980s, a decade of mounting racial tension in the United States, the film offers an interpretation of Shakespeare from a minority point of view. This examination of the director’s motives and directorial choices reveals the strategies employed by Lange to make Shakespeare relevant and more available to a non-traditional audience, especially to African-Americans. In addition, delving into the acceptance and distribution difficulties that Ted Lange faced gives insight into the issue of discriminatory assumptions related to applying a minority point of view to a traditionally highbrow domain
