Åbo Akademi: Open Journal Systems
Not a member yet
892 research outputs found
Sort by
Om innehåll och utehåll i bilder
Full text linkTitle: About content and ‘extent’ in picturesDespite the criticism levelled at it over the years, it is difficult to imagine a better tool for interpreting the meaning of images than Erwin Panofsky’s iconographic-iconological method. However, it is far from infallible. Above all, one tends, like Panofsky himself, to equate the results of interpretation with the content of the image (“intrinsic meaning or content”). But the meaning of an image is not synonymous with its content. Only that part of its meaning visible to the viewer can be described as content, the rest is added by the viewer in the interpretation process. The meaning of most images is actually inaccessible to pure observation. To denote those aspects of an image that are not included in the work but which reside only in the viewer’s head, the term ‘extent’ (Swedish: ‘utehåll’) is introduced, i.e. something that changes with time, place, culture and prior knowledge. The article illustrates the consequences of not distinguishing between what can actually be seen in images and what the viewer brings to them. It concludes with a critical examination of Panofsky’s own interpretation of Michelangelo’s Moses in S. Pietro in Vincoli
Sant och falskt om Gripsholmstavlorna
Full text linkTitle: True and false about the 16th-century painted wall hangings from Gripsholm CastleThe iconography of the lost 16th-century painted wall hangings from Gripsholm Castle, Sweden, has been subject to discussion for more than 300 years. When the decorated textiles were rediscovered in the early 18th century, they were presumed to illustrate the deposition of the Swedish King Erik XIV in 1568. For this reason, the badly damaged decorations were copied in five still extant watercolours, and the original paintings were discarded. Swedish art-historians have generally argued that the wall hangings were displayed in the Hall of State at Gripsholm Castle. The iconographic programme has been interpreted in various ways. Some scholars have argued that they depicted King Gustav Vasa (1523–60) or his son Erik XIV (1560–68), while others stated that they illustrated the history of Virginia by the Roman author Livy. In Iconographisk Post, 1–2, 2019, I drew attention to a series of previously overlooked 18th-century documents referring to the wall hangings. Judging from these texts, the watercolours were intended as models for engravings illustrating a historical survey on King Gustav Vasa and his sons. During the research for suitable pictorial material in the early 18th century, the Gripsholm paintings were rediscovered and erroneously connected with King Erik XIV. Another aspect of the 2019 article was to highlight the importance of the 16th-century royal inventories as relevant sources in this context. With reference to these documents, it was suggested that the wall hangings may have depicted the story of Lucretia, but that further research was needed. In the present paper, I attempt to clarify some misunderstandings in relation to a comment published in Iconographisk Post, 3–4, 2019
Miracle, Moral and Memory: Situating the Miracles in the Margins of the Lamoignon Hours (c. 1415)
Full text linkThe Lamoignon Hours was illuminated in Paris by the Bedford Master for the French princess Jeanne de France around 1415. Whereas the manuscript matches similar luxury books of hours from the Valois court in size, materials and execution, it also contains miniatures and marginal images which have no parallels in contemporary French illumination. In this article, I analyse two of these unparalleled image cycles – the marginal roundels with scenes from the Marian miracles known in contemporary miracle collections as the Empress of Rome (fol. 185v) and the Jewish Boy of Bourges (fol. 202v) – as situated imagery, arguing they may have been motivated by incidents associated with Jeanne de France’s parents, the infamous King Charles VI and the equally infamous Queen Isabeau. In as much as Jeanne’s book of hours contains images fashioned to support her in her roles as princess, duchess, wife and mother as well as her role as devotee, careful readings of the book’s uncommon iconography allow for a deeper understanding of how the Bedford Master catered to the unknown commissioner(s) and/or Jeanne’s own desire for the book to combine politics and piety
The imposition of a positive duty of care: Notes on Proposals to Enhance Animal Welfare in Hong Kong 2019
Full text linkThis article aims to shed light on the Proposals to Enhance Animal Welfare in Hong Kong 2019, in particular, the recommended imposition of a positive duty of care. It is opined that the positive duty of care would be effective in elevating the standards of animal welfare in Hong Kong. However, the law should be drafted with clear details so as to avoid doctrinal confusion and practical difficulties. 
Four kinds of nonhuman animal legal personification
Full text linkNonhuman animal legal personification is undoubtedly an international legal issue. However, it seems that the question of what it means to legally personify a nonhuman animal has not been presented clearly. This study, which is part of the French discussion on the issue, aims to clarify the legal concept of nonhuman animal legal personification by showing that there is not just one but four kinds of nonhuman animal legal personality. This descriptive approach is coupled with a normative one to understand which kind of nonhuman animal legal personification is to be favoured. Contrary to what one might think at first sight, all personification is not in favour of nonhuman animals and can even be counterproductive. Moreover, the choice of a suitable personification is not sufficient for achieving an optimal personification. I will present the criteria for a successful legal personification to help inform political, legislative or judicial action regarding the legal personification of nonhuman animals.
 
Lucia Travaini: I trenta denari di Giuda. Storia di reliquie impreviste nell’Europa medievale e moderna, Milano 2020
No full textThe impact of including animals in the constitution– Lessons learned from the German animal welfare state objective
Full text linkIn July 2002, Germany became the first country in the European Union to introduce an animal welfare state objective into the constitution. Almost twenty years later, it is time to analyze the impact of the German animal welfare state objective. As other countries, such as Belgium and the Netherlands, are considering following the German example, the implementation of animal welfare in a constitution is more topical than ever. This article will explore whether Article 20a of the German Constitution created a significant improvement for animal welfare in Germany. To this end, extensive research was conducted by an in-depth case law analysis