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En konfrontasjon mellom jødedom og kristendom i begynnelsen av dette århundret. Leo Baecks polemikk mot Harnacks Vorlesungen über Das Wesen der Christentums
No full textThis article shows that Baeck’s polemic against Harnack was one of the reasons for his writing the “Essence of Judaism”(1905), his major work. The article discusses Harnack’s lectures and how knowledge of them spread to various important circles in society. In Harnack’s exposition of Christianity Baeck finds both a direct and indirect attack on Judaism. Baeck argued that the most valuable aspects of Christianity were not to be found in its opposition to Judaism but rather in its Jewish inheritance. By cutting Christianity off from its Jewish roots, Harnack damages it. Baecks’ critique of Harnack is based on a historical and philosophical/theological analysis during which he initially presents Harnack’s views and then attacks them by giving his own corrections and ideas. Among the themes considered are: the Pharisees, Jesus and the Parisaich ethic, Jesus’ proclamation of the Kingdom of God. Baeck wanted to prove that Jesus was a Jew among Jews
Litteratur om och av Elie Wiesel
No full textThis article reviews some recent books about Elie Wiesel, a three volume edition of his articles and minor writings, and his latest novel
Editor's Foreword
No full textThe third issue of Global Journal of Animal Law (GJAL) received four articles for reviewing. Unfortunately, only two were within the scope of GJAL. Furthermore, we were informed from Brazil about a petition filed to the European Court of Human Rights in protection par ricochet of the endangered Fin Whales which have been cruelly killed in Iceland. However, the petition was dismissed. Because of the tight timeframe for this issue we hope to receive a note of the argumentation to the next one.The current issue is focusing on legislation and regulation in Australia, United States and Europe (specifically in Switzerland and UK) of animals used in research. Furthermore, Lewis & Clark Law School provides the readers their experience of developing education in the field of Animal Law.Charlotte E. Blattner makes a comparison of the regulation of animals used in research (the 3R principles) and the legal protection of farm animals. Based on her findings, she provides specific proposals for the establishment of the 3R principles in farming. In this regard, the well-regulated provisions in Switzerland on refinement are considered as an exemplary model. Her main conclusion, based on the grounds of consistency, the principle of the avoidance of unnecessary animal suffering and the principle of proportionality is, that if replacement is the accepted legal imperative in research, there should be an even stronger imperative for replacement in farming.Alexandra Whittaker examines the regulation of animal use in research in Australia. The main question in her research is whether the legislative model can adequately protect animal welfare, and to identify any system deficiencies that may lead to an adverse finding in this regard. She is using a comparative law model while focusing on the regulation in Europe, the UK and US jurisdictions. Her main conclusion is that Australia is not unique in facing problems; mainly the same issues are experienced overseas, or are in fact problems in animal law in general. In many cases these issues could be easily rectified if the forces for change were present. Generally in the article, where she is identifying deficiencies, she is also proposing suggestions for reform.The GJAL is slowly taking its form. Yet, there is still a lot to be done to make it to a forum of scientific results and discussions. How we treat animals under the law is something we do also for coming generations. It is exciting to note that there is so much going on both in education and science, as in courts and advocacies around the globe.The Editor Board is wishing all GJAL-readers an enjoyable read and a lovely summertime!Anna Birgitta WahlbergEditor-In-Chie
Animal Research Regulation in Australia – Does it Pass the Test of Robustness?
Get PDFThe legal framework surrounding the use of animals for scientific purposes within Australia will be discussed, and contrasted with some international jurisdictions. The author will then discuss some key issues with the current system based on personal observation, international comparison and literature review. Finally, an examination of potential reforms will be undertaken. The author will argue that the system at present fails to protect welfare and that reform is required
A metabolism of Adam and Eve: Damien Hirst meets Edvard Munch
No full textEvolution is a theme which crosses the boundaries of art, science and religion. In this paper the problematics of evolution are approached by analysing the works of Edvard Munch (1863–1944) and Damien Hirst (b. 1965). Key attention is paid to Munch’s workMetabolism (1898–9) and Hirst’s work Adam and Eve Exposed (2004), both of which relate to the thematics of the Fall and combine the perspectives of religion and science. The relationship between evolution and art is further discussed through a distinction between pictures and images and the concept of remediation.
Självförhärligande, fromhet och vidskepelse. Om medeltida arkitektavbildningar
Get PDFTitle: Self-glorification, Piety and Superstition. The Iconography of the Architect in the Middle AgesIn the Middle Ages, the social position of the architect was much better than that of painters or sculptors. Since architects were trained in geometry and arithmetic they were regarded as scientists rather than artisans. The construction of the great cathedrals in the 12th and 13th centuries led to the architects being regarded as heroes of technology. Many of them were immortalized in the stone carvings that adorned the churches, often posing as well dressed atlantes supporting the buildings on their shoulders. Usually they were equipped with the tools of their trade like a pair of compasses or a set square. These sculptures illustrate the self-awareness of the architects but they were also intended to signify their piety. This becomes particularly clear when the architect is shown kneeling in front of Christ or a saint. Another iconographic category depicts the master builder threatened by various kinds of beasts. Art historians have argued that this was a way of illustrating the never ending agonies of the architect who lived in constant fear that his building would collapse. On a capital in Uppsala Cathedral in Sweden, an architect with a pair of compasses is attacked by an animal that looks like a wolf. This may be interpreted as an idealized portrait of Estienne de Bonnueill, who was contracted in Paris in 1287 to continue the building of the cathedral. Other extant examples show the master builders and in some cases also the patrons attacked by lions, dragons and other beasts
Jewish history as a history of immigration: an overview of current historiography in the Scandinavian countries
No full textThis article provides a first critical overview of the historiography of Jewish immigration and integration in Sweden, Denmark and Norway. While the experience of immigration has been crucial for Scandinavian Jewry, scholarly interest in Jewish migration history only emerged during the 1980s in connection with the focus on migration and ethnicity in Swedish research and the adaptation of sociological concepts of migration in general historiography. By analysing key historio-graphical works, focusing on their approaches and main narratives, this article aims at a critical methodological self-reflection. It identifies two major approaches to Jewish immigration history in current Scandinavian historiography: the demographic and social history approach, focusing in particular on the role of Jewish immigrants in the labour market, their settlement and housing conditions and their social mobility; and the cultural history approach, reconstructing and preserving the vanished world of Yiddish immigrant culture.
Religious Uses of History as Inclusion and Exclusion
Get PDFAdopting a combination of theories from the Uses of History-perspective and from the Cultural Memory-perspective, Jakob Dahlbacka, in his article, tries to uncover some general characteristics of a religious use of history. He does this by analysing the literary remains of Anders Svedberg (1832–1889) – the man who founded the first elementary school in Swedish-speaking Ostrobothnia, wrote actively in newspapers, and also represented the peasants in the Diet of Finland. Dahlbacka claims that religious uses of history, when used within religious communities of memory, can serve as legitimacy and guarantee on the one hand and as a wake-up call and a driving force on the other hand. Finally, and especially tangent to the theme of this anthology, Dahlbacka argues that the boundaries of inclusion and exclusion are not only to be found in the history of the church but, what is more, the use of such history, in itself, has the capacity to work by inclusion and exclusion