Journals of UMT (University of Management and Technology, Lahore)
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Effect of Toxic Leadership on Workplace Bullying: A Mediation and Moderation Analysis
Full text linkThis study investigates the impact of toxic leadership on workplace bullying across multiple sectors in Gujranwala, Pakistan, emphasizing the mediating effects of employee silence and psychological well-being, as well as the moderating effect of employee voice. A systematic survey was conducted with 384 employees from various industries and the data was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Statistical results were drawn through SPSS and AMOS. The findings show that toxic leadership has a significant impact on workplace bullying, with employee silence and psychological well-being acting as essential mediators. Contrary to predictions, employee voice did not moderate the association between toxic leadership and bullying, implying that the impact of toxic leadership is widespread, regardless of employees' willingness to speak up. The results demonstrate how organizations can reduce workplace bullying and enhance employee well-being by addressing toxic leadership and fostering a positive work environment
Extended Lai Distribution; Increase, decrease, upside and downside bathtub distribution
No full textIn the study, a distribution with four parameter of modified Weibull distribution has been purposed. The Purposed distribution has an ability to show decreasing & increasing, bathtub and upside-down bathtub failure rate. Quantile function for the purposed distribution is also represented. The new distribution has special sub models as its special cases such as Weibull distribution, Newly Modified Weibull Distribution and extreme value distribution. Infinite representation of moments has also been represented. Maximum Likelihood estimation has been adopted for the estimation of new distribution. The present study also involves the goodness of fit for the purposed distribution. Statistical Inference for the purposed distribution parameters is also illustrated. Numerical study has also been conducted for the parameter estimation. WPP also use to show the reliability of purposed distribution. Two applications are also considered for the demonstration of purposed distribution
Re-thinking Progress: How Financial Growth, Renewable Energy, and Innovation Shape Pakistan's Carbon Emissions
Full text linkThe long-term viability of development strategies hinges on achieving a harmonious balance between economic growth and environmental protection. The current research aimed to explore the relationships of financial development (FD), renewable energy consumption (REC), and technological innovation (TI) with carbon emissions (CO2) in Pakistan. The Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) method was employed to analyze the relevant data for the time period (1991-2023) that was derived from World Development Indicators (WDI) and World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). The results of Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) and Canonical Correlation Regression (CCR) confirmed the robustness of the model. The results of the analysis indicated that the FD was positively related to CO2, indicating that a 1% increase in FD led to 0.10% increase in CO2 emissions (statistically significant at the 1% level). The REC had a significant positive impact on environmental quality, that is, decreasing CO2 emission by 1.44% (statistically significant at the 1% level). Whereas, the TI had a negative effect on environmental quality. A 1% increase in TI contributed to a 0.093% increase in CO₂ emissions (statistically significant at the 5% level). It was concluded that financial institutions supported industrial expansion along with increased consumption of energy-intensive goods and implementation of carbon-intensive projects. Innovations appeared to be focused on energy-intensive sectors rather than green technologies. This might be due to a dirty innovation bias, measurement issues, or delayed environmental benefits. It is recommended that the government should incentivize green energy initiatives and eco-friendly technologies to mitigate the harmful effects of environmental degradation in Pakistan. A shift towards renewable energy sources should be promoted to stabilize the environment in the long run
Perceived Work Readiness among Graduates: A Case Study from Pakistan
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The current study aimed to examine graduates’ perceptions regarding their career readiness.Moreover, it focused on gaps in digital literacy, technical skills, and labor market alignment. Thestudy collected data from 800 university students from all major provinces, such as Punjab,Sindh, KPK, Baluchistan, Gilgit Baltistan (GB), and Kashmir. Using advanced methodologies,such as correspondence analysis, factor analysis, and decision tree models, the results revealedcritical gaps in Artificial Intelligence (AI) awareness, practical competencies, and careerguidance among university students. It implied that Pakistan's traditional education system isunable to equip graduates for the technology-driven job market. The study recommended anurgent need for educational reforms, emphasizing the integration of digital literacy,entrepreneurship training, and enhanced career guidance
IFRS 18 and the Future of Financial Performance Reporting: Challenges, Implications, and Roadmap for Implementation
No full textThe current study examined the introduction of International Financial Reporting Standard 18 (IFRS 18) and its implications for the future of financial performance reporting globally, with a focus on emerging economies, such as Nigeria. IFRS 18 represents a pivotal shift from previous reporting standards by mandating standardized presentation formats. This includes defined subtotals, such as operating profit and requiring disclosures of Management Performance Measures (MPMs). These changes aim to enhance transparency, comparability, and decision-usefulness of financial statements for investors and stakeholders. However, the implementation of IFRS 18 presents considerable challenges, including the need for extensive capacity building among preparers, auditors, and regulators, as well as the integration of new reporting technologies and systems. This study explored the conceptual foundations of IFRS 18 within accounting theory. Moreover, it also reviewed the practical challenges faced by firms and analysed the broader implications for corporate governance and investor confidence. Comparative insights from jurisdictions with advanced IFRS adoption provided valuable lessons for Nigeria and similar emerging markets. The study further proposed a roadmap for effective implementation, emphasizing regulatory support, professional training, and stakeholder engagement as critical success factors. Ultimately, IFRS 18 offered an opportunity to elevate financial reporting quality and foster sustainable economic development through improved corporate accountability and transparency. This article contributed to scholarly discourse by linking theoretical perspectives with practical solutions to facilitate the transition to IFRS 18
The Role of Authentic Leadership in Promoting Environmental Behaviors: Hotel Industry Context
No full textEmployee behaviour and work settings have a substantial effect in the context of hotel business because of its heavy reliance on human activities. This study seeks to examine the relationship between authentic leadership (AL), workplace environmental behaviors (WPEB), and green organizational support (GOS) based on social identity theory (SIT). The study also investigates how GOS mediates the relationships between WPEB and AL. 194 hotels’ employees in Pakistan participated in the investigation using snowball sampling through self-administered surveys. Structural Equation Modeling was used to test the proposed hypotheses under study. The results demonstrate a significant positive influence of AL, GOS, and environmental focused behaviors in hotel workplaces. Furthermore, GOS acts as a mediator between AL and WPEB. Thus, this study suggests important insights by highlighting environmental behaviours in the workplace and the importance of supporting sustainable organizations in the hospitality sector. This study also highlights the need for the hospitality sector to enrich environmental behaviors in the workplace and promote policies that support the transition to a sustainable hospitality industry.
In addition, support for green organizations mediates between AL and WPEB. The results of the present study provide significant implications by highlighting environmental behaviours in the workplace and support for green organizations in the hospitality sector. This study required the hospitality sector to pay attention to and improve WPEB and strategies and policies that support green organizations to have a green hospitality sector
Examining the Relationship Between Leadership and Teachers' Moral Competence: The Mediating Role of Spiritual Climate
Full text linkThis research examines how workplace buoyancy, somatic burden, autonomy-supportive and autonomy-thwarting leadership styles, and spiritual climate influence the moral competency of teachers. It may ultimately contribute to the development of a positive education culture. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire completed by teachers. This study also involved machine learning techniques including Random Forest Regressor (RFR) and Gradient Boosting Regressor (GBR). These techniques aim to identify correlations between the variables. In addition, Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was adopted to analyse direct and indirect effects. The results indicated that autonomy-supportive leadership has a positive impact on moral competence, while spiritual climate mitigates the negative impact of somatic burden on moral competence. GBR and RFR were used to evaluate features, consistently showing similar relationships, with RFR demonstrating better predictive power. This shows that the use of machine learning in analysing educational data retrieves deep patterns within the data sets. Collectively, the results of the current study imply the importance of organizational change to promote autonomy-supportive leadership and to improve the spiritual climate to increase teachers’ moral competence. There is still room for further improvement concerning the generalization of results; therefore, further studies should use a larger sample of convenience. There is a need to examine other moderators, for instance, personality traits and to incorporate longitudinal designs to evaluate effects over time
Linking Employee Performance Expectations and Employee Work Creativity: Examining the Role of Workplace Fun, and Mental Well-Being
No full textCurrent study aims to examine the intricate relationships among performance expectations (PE), mental well-being, workplace fun and employees’ work creativity (EWC) within the domain of Pakistan’s higher education institutions. Using a quantitative research methodology, data was gathered from 38- employees with the help of structured questionnaires administered in 2024. By using SPSS 26.0, we utilized Preacher & Hayes process to analyze the data for the hypothesized relationships among the variables. Result findings indicate that PE has a positive significant relationship with EWC. Moreover, mental well-being mediated the relationship between PE and EWC. Workplace fun also moderated the relationship of PE and EWC when mental well-being mediated these relationships. In addition to the theoretical implications, the current study offers practical implications, particularly for the managers/practitioners who are concerned with the employees’ mental well-being and for EWC. This research investigates the relationships between expectation of performance, satisfaction, and enjoyment of the workplace using COR principles. The goal of this study is to provide companies that have efforts aimed at stimulation of creativity with useful information by analyzing the way personal needs and resources and satisfaction interact. After all, it is very important to be able to create and maintain an environment that is supportive and rich with resources that allows employees to cope with difficulties and translate stress into something positive in terms of creativity. Doing so not only helps the individual with his or her well-being and productivity, but also helps the organization cope with a challenging and ever-changing business environment
Pakistan’s Digital Transformation and Edge in Service Exports
No full textService exports play an important role in Pakistan’s economy and its valuable foreign exchange while showcasing the country’s strengths in sectors like information technology, finance, and tourism. They support economic diversification, generate employment opportunities, and enhance Pakistan’s competitiveness worldwide. This study discovers the link between digital technology adoption and Pakistan’s service exports. A key contribution is the development of a Digital Economy Development Index (DEDI) for the period of 1993–2023, highlighting the country’s digitalization trends and their connection with service export performance. Using the ARDL approach, it studies the impact of digital economy development (DEDI), financial depth, domestic lending and the real effective exchange rate on Pakistan’s service exports. The results disclose that DEDI has a positive and significant long run effect on service exports, underscoring the critical role of digital transformation in improving trade performance. In contrast, financial depth shows a negative and significant long-term impact, indicating slow adaptation within the financial sector in supporting service trade. Domestic lending to the private sector has an insignificant bearing on services exports in both the long term and the short term whereas the REER has a positive significant effect in the short term. The study recommends advancing the digital economy and digital infrastructure to strengthen Pakistan’s service exports by increasing connectivity for companies engaged in service exports by investing in high-speed internet, effective data centers, and cloud computing infrastructure. Moreover, enhancing financial policies, credit access and implementing comprehensive training programs for digital upskilling to thrive in the digital economy is needed
Agricultural Exports and Environmental Quality in Developing Countries: A Panel Data Analysis
No full textThe current study aimed to investigate the relationship betweenagricultural exports and environmental quality in developing countriesover the time period of 2002 to 2021. Using panel data regression analysis,the study tested the impact of agricultural exports on ecological footprint(EF) of cropland. Both, EF of cropland production and consumption wereused to investigate the Pollution Haven Hypothesis (PHH), Pollution HaloHypothesis, and the theory of ecological unequal exchange (EUE). Theresults showed that agricultural exports significantly contribute to EF ofcropland in developing countries, providing the evidence in favor of PHH.Furthermore, the study also found some evidence of ecological unequalexchange since agricultural exports were observed to increase the EF ofcropland production, however, they did not affect the EF of consumptionin developing countries. The study highlighted the need for suitableagricultural practices, eco-friendly policies, and international cooperationto mitigate the environmental impacts of agricultural exports indeveloping countries