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Papel del tejido adiposo blanco, marrón y perivascular en las complicaciones asociadas a la obesidad
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El balneario: historia y generalidades
Get PDFAn account of the geographical position of Villa Olmedo's Spa is given. Including a brief history of it and its situation nowadays. A particularly reference it is made about their proprietaries and the first chemical composition of the mineral medicinal waters of this spa and about the notices in relationship the date in which it was open (2006) and another ones in relationship the medically effects of the waters and muthbath. Se hace una reseña de la situación geográfica del Balneario de la Villa de Olmedo, de los antecedentes históricos del mismo y situación actual. Se hace mención a sus propietarios, al primer análisis químico de las aguas mineromedicinales de este Balneario así como a los datos referentes a la fecha de su apertura en 2006 y otros referentes a la acción terapéutica de sus aguas
Antioxidant and cytoprotective potentials of Parmeliaceae lichens and identification of active compounds
Get PDFLichens, symbiotic organisms with special features, are able to synthesize exclusive secondary metabolites that are attracting increasing interest in their pharmacological activities. Present study aimed to perform an initial screening of the antioxidant capacities of 29 lichens from Parmeliaceae family, and the cytoprotective potential of the most promising species in a model of central nervous system-like cells. Also, another goal was to determine the main chemical constituents of the promising lichens.After molecular identification of all lichen specimens by PCR techniques regarding the molecular marker ITS rDNA, antioxidant activity was measured in terms of free radical scavenging properties through ORAC assay. Methanol extracts of the three species with highest ORAC values (Cetrelia braunsiana (Cb), Parmotrema saccatilobum (Ps) and Usnea ghattensis (Ug)) were analyzed for phytochemical characterization through TLC and HPLC methods. We identified alectoronic acid as major metabolite in Cb, protocetraric acid in Ps and usnic, stictic and constictic acids in Ug.Concerning cytoprotective properties, their extracts were tested on human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. Protection against H2O2- induced oxidative stress in such neuron-like model was assessed by cell viability assays, thus determining their optimal concentrations. Then, their effect on oxidative stress markers, such as intracellular ROS formation, glutathione levels and caspase-3 activity, were evaluated. In general, lichens extracts were able to reverse the oxidative damage caused by H2O2, and promoted neurons survival.Results obtained in this study imply that these lichen species might be used as promising sources for natural compounds with potential neuroprotective activity, suggesting future research avenues.Lichens, symbiotic organisms with special features, are able to synthesize exclusive secondary metabolites that are attracting increasing interest in their pharmacological activities. Present study aimed to perform an initial screening of the antioxidant capacities of 29 lichens from Parmeliaceae family, and the cytoprotective potential of the most promising species in a model of central nervous system-like cells. Also, another goal was to determine the main chemical constituents of the promising lichens.After molecular identification of all lichen specimens by PCR techniques regarding the molecular marker ITS rDNA, antioxidant activity was measured in terms of free radical scavenging properties through ORAC assay. Methanol extracts of the three species with highest ORAC values (Cetrelia braunsiana (Cb), Parmotrema saccatilobum (Ps) and Usnea ghattensis (Ug)) were analyzed for phytochemical characterization through TLC and HPLC methods. We identified alectoronic acid as major metabolite in Cb, protocetraric acid in Ps and usnic, stictic and constictic acids in Ug.Concerning cytoprotective properties, their extracts were tested on human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. Protection against H2O2- induced oxidative stress in such neuron-like model was assessed by cell viability assays, thus determining their optimal concentrations. Then, their effect on oxidative stress markers, such as intracellular ROS formation, glutathione levels and caspase-3 activity, were evaluated. In general, lichens extracts were able to reverse the oxidative damage caused by H2O2, and promoted neurons survival.Results obtained in this study imply that these lichen species might be used as promising sources for natural compounds with potential neuroprotective activity, suggesting future research avenues
Estudio de las características físico–químicas de las aguas del balneario
Get PDFThe waters of the Spa La Villa de Olmedo (Valladolid) have special characteristics; are high salinity waters declared as water "Thermal and Minero-medicinal water” in June 2005 by the Community of Castilla-León. These hypothermic waters have a pH around 8.0 and are characterized by high mineralization, with a high residue content of five grams per liter. Sodium content stand out among the elements that form the salts, which along with high chloride content gives rise to sodium-chloride waters. In addition, the sulphate content is high and the concentrations of calcium and magnesium are low, which these waters are not noted for heir hardness, so they are considered as soft waters. Las aguas del balneario de La Villa de Olmedo (Valladolid) tienen características especiales; son aguas de alta salinidad que fueron declaradas como agua "Termal y Mineromedicinal" en junio de 2005 en la Comunidad de Castilla-León. Se trata de aguas hipotermales, con un pH en torno a 8, de alta mineralización, con un elevado residuo superior a los cinco gramos por litro. Destaca el elevado contenido de sodio que, junto a un alto contenido de cloruros, da origen a aguas clorurado-sódicas. El contenido de sulfatos es elevado y presentan concentraciones bajas de calcio y magnesio, por lo que no destacan por su dureza, considerándolas blandas.
Enmascaramiento de sabores en formas farmacéuticas sólidas orales
Get PDFAunque tradicionalmente ligado a formas farmacéuticas líquidas orales, el enmascaramiento del sabor como parámetro crítico en la formulación de medicamentos ha cobrado recientemente un nuevo auge en respuesta al desarrollo de formas farmacéuticas sólidas orales que persiguen una disgregación bien ex vivo, bien en la cavidad bucal.El enmascaramiento no sólo comprende la neutralización del potencial sabor desagradable inherente al principio activo, sino también la obtención de un sabor agradable en la formulación final, con repercusión tanto a nivel sanitario, puesto que cuanto mayor sea la aceptación por parte del paciente, mayor será su adherencia al tratamiento; como a nivel económico, ya que el sabor del producto puede marcar la diferencia entre el éxito y el fracaso comercial.Mediante esta revisión se ponen de relieve las estrategias aplicables en el enmascaramiento de sabores de formas farmacéuticas sólidas orales, se clasifican y describen los principales excipientes correctores del sabor, así como se efectúa una compilación exhaustiva de las técnicas de evaluación de la eficacia de los distintos recursos empleados en el enmascaramiento del sabor desagradable. De esta forma, se amplía el ámbito de aplicación del concepto enmascaramiento del sabor, demostrándose que es un área del cual aún hay mucho por decir
