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Ultrasonic Fluid Level Measuring Device
Get PDFAccurate measurement of fluid level is very vital both in industrial and consumer market. Ultrasonic technology is one of the solutions used by the industry. However, an optimized balance between cost and features are a must for almost all target applications. The ultrasonic level measurement is used mainly when a non-contact measurement is required. Precise measurement of low-range distance (level) is the main objective for this project. This device can measure level in the range of 0.02m to 4m with an accuracy of 1cm. This measuring system is based on ultrasonic sound utilizing an Atmega328P low-power microcontroller. The system transmits a burst of ultrasonic sound waves towards the subject and then receives the corresponding echo. An HC-SR04 ultrasonic Module is used to both generate and detect the ultrasound required for level computation. The time taken for the ultrasonic burst to travel the distance from the system to the subject and back to the system is accurately measured. This level is displayed on an alphanumeric LCD with an accuracy of ± 2.5cm. The minimum depth that this system can measure is 2cm and is limited by the transmitter's transducer settling-time. The maximum height that can be measured is 4 meters. The amplitude of the echo depends on the reflecting material, shape, and size. Sound-absorbing targets such as carpets and reflecting surfaces less than two square feet in area reflect poorly. The maximum measurable range is lower for such subjects. If the amplitude of the echo received by the system is so low that it is not detectable by the ultrasonic module, the system goes out of range. This is indicated by displaying the error message OOR (Out-of-Range) on the LCD
Derivation of Van Aerde Traffic Stream Model and Studying the Effect of Ramp Metering
Get PDFWith increase in population, demand for traffic is increasing tremendously. As a consequence congestion on urban freeways or highways during the morning and evening peak hours is always increasing. This research examines the traffic condition on Highway 2(i.e Deerfoot Trail), Calgary,Canada by providing ramp metering (funded by Government of Canada in Collaboration with MITACS Globalink Program). In order to accommodate increasing traffic demand, constructing new highways and adding lanes is not always the best option. Instead proper management of transportation system can help in increasing its efficiency. It is therefore important to increase our understanding of traffic flow models to help estimating the efficiency of different road facilities and therefore prepare us to make enlightened decisions in the design process of new road facilities or improving older ones
Integrated Advertising and Supply Chain Plans for an Innovative Product under Uncertainty
Get PDFDemand for an innovative product typically followsa diffusion process. Prior advertising research on the innovativenew product assumes an infinite capacity and a deterministicdemand situation. However, capacity constraints are common forthe new products. Also, the demand for the new product isextremely difficult to predict before its launch. Nonetheless, afirm that deals with the new product mostly has to take initialadvertising and production planning decisions under anuncertain demand and capacity constrained situation. Afterobserving the initial demand, the firm generally adjusts itsmarketing and production plans as per the demand realized. Inthis paper, we suggest the use of a two stage stochasticprogramming with recourse to analyze this situation. Our resultsshow how the operational characteristics such as inventoryholding and back order costs can significantly influence theadvertising under different diffusion patterns
Investigating Growth Indicators for Insurance Companies in UAE before recession (Comparative Study)
Get PDFInsurance Companies provide coverage in the form of compensation resulting from loss, damages, injury, treatment or hardship in exchange for premium payments. Insurance as an industry involves pooling fundsfrom many insured entities (known as exposures) to pay for the losses that some may incur. Insurance asa financial intermediary is a commercial enterprise and a major part of the financial services industry. The Growth of insurance companies usually measured through certain Indicators such as the increment percentage in: net profit, total premium written, shareholders equity, total assets, net underwriting income, and net investment.Insurance industry established in UAE at early 70th of the last century (the first insurance company was El Sharjah Company which established at 1970). Now (after almost 40 years) there are more than sixty insurance companies playing a crucial role in both the UAE financial market and society.In this article the net profit, and total premium written growth indicators will be investigated for a selected group of insurance companies in UAE. Using the descriptive statistical tools, the graphical presentations and the control chart, a comparative study is performed among the selected group of insurance company based on the discussed indicators to evaluate their financial performance during the period of study
Using LR-Type Membership Function For Estimating Fuzzy Linear Parameters For Electrical Load Estimation
Get PDFA fuzzy linear estimation problem is formulated.The objective is to minimize the spread of the data points, takinginto consideration the LR-type membership function of the fuzzyparameters to satisfy the constraints on each measurement pointand to ensure that the original membership is included in theestimated membership. The proposed models are applied todifferent examples from the area of fuzzy linear regression andfinally to different examples for estimating the electrical load ona busbar. It had been found that the proposed technique is moresuited for electrical load estimation, since the nature of the load ischaracterized by the uncertainty and vagueness
Competency-Based Learning and the Future of Nigerian Colleges of Education: A Recipe Vocational and Technical Aptitude
Get PDFThe importance of competency based learning cannot be ignored, considering the role it plays for effective learning and development of skills necessary for successful performance in a job. This paper attempts to review some conceptual issues on competency base learning, such as competency assessment and stages of its implementation. The paper further explained the applicability of the competency based learning in Nigerias colleges. The paper concludes by offering some recommendations, such as provision of legislative frame work for competency based learning to have the legal backing it deserves and equally to redefined institutional frame work in order to accommodate the system
Government Expenditure and Economic Growth in Nigeria, 1970-2010: ARDL Bounds Test Approach
Get PDFThis paper analyses the impact of public expenditure on economic growth in Nigeria during the period 1970 to 2010 making use of annual time series data. The study employs the bounds testing (ARDL) approach toexamine the long run and short run relationships between public expenditure and economic growth in Nigeria. The bounds test suggested that the variables of interest put in the framework are bound together in the long-run. The associated equilibrium correction was also significant confirming the existence of long-run relationships. Our findings indicate the impact of total public spending on growth to be negative which is consistent with other past studies. Recurrent expenditure however was found to have little significant positive impact on growth. Therefore, government should increase its spending on infrastructure, social and economic activities
Micropropagation and Attempts to Develop RAPD Molecular Markers for Salt Tolerant Cultivars of Pearl Millet
Get PDFDifferences were observed among four salt tolerant cultivars of pearl millet to in vitro culture media. Among the four cultivars, Cv IP 6098 is the most salt sensitive had maximum number of multiple shoots (15)/ seed, and the more salt tolerant cvs IP 6106 and IP 22269 developed 3-6 shoots/seed while cv IP 19612 the seeds remained single shooted in MS+3.0mg/L media up to 7 months. The multiple shoots 20% of cv IP 6098, flowered in 5 months with the reduction in hormone concentration (MS+1.0 mg/L BAP) whereas, the other three cultivars did not flower under the tested conditions.
The present study was carried to detect genetic differences among the four cultivars of pearl millet at molecular level through RAPD PCR markers. RAPD analysis was carried with 12 primers, each 10-mer, only 7 primers were amplified showed polymorphism for the four cultivars. Primer OPM 16 revealed a single unique band of approx. 485bp in the genotype IP 22269 and three polymorphic bands in the genotype IP 6106. The results were repeatable, and further studies in this direction may enable to link the single band in the genotype IP 22269 to a morphological trait or physiological condition like salt tolerance
On A Supervised Classifier That Can Better Learn From Mixed Peaks-Over-Threshold
Get PDFThe traditional supervised classifier is based on the assumption of weighted Gaussian mixing components. The classifier is absolutely misleading when the underlying assumption is much violated as is the case of Peaks-Over-Threshold (POT) data. This paper, presents an alternative parametric classifier that can learn optimally from mixtures of such typically skewed components. The classifier is theoretically based on the assumption that the mixing components can be modeled by Generalized Pareto distribution with apriori known sub-group indices
E-Recruitment: Criteria for its Effectiveness and Modern Trends
Get PDFHuman Resources are the most important and vitalfactor behind the success of every small and large organizationand so the recruitment. Recruiting the right talent humanresource using the internet technology is the E- Recruitment orElectronic Recruitment. Posting of the jobs on the companywebsite or on an online recruitment website and now it hasgrown from there to the mobile recruitment. This study looksinto the overall basic concepts of E- Recruitment, criteria for itssuccess, modern trends, general advantages and disadvantages