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Monitoring the Production Process of Friendly Bacteria Using Hplc
Get PDFWith the development of microbiological andnutritional sciences in the late 19th century came the technologynecessary to produce cultured dairy products on an industrial orcommercial basis. However ten Lactic acid bacterial (LAB)strains were isolated from milk and its products. They wereidentified as Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus fermentum,Lactococcus lactis subspecie cremoris, Lactobacillus acidophilus,Lactobacillus brevis and Streptococcus thermophillus.Lactobacillus plantarum produces the highest quantity of lacticacid at 72 hours of incubation (2.89g/l) while Lactobacillusfermentum produce the lowest (1.11g/l). Lactococcus lactissubspecies cremoris had the highest quantity of diacetyl (1.72g/l)while Streptococcus thermophillus and Lactobacillillus fermentumhad the lowest quantity of 0.52g/l and 0.47g/l respectively. At 72hours of incubation Lactobacillus acidophilus produced thehighest quantity of hydrogen peroxide (1.91g/l) whileStreptococcus thermophillus produced the lowest. The quantity ofhydrogen peroxide increased up to 48hours before declinationsets in. Results of the high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) used to quantify organic acid revealed that, Lactobacillusplantarum produced the highest yield of Lactic acid (280.16mg/ml) closely followed by Lactobacillus fermentum (215.9mg/ml). Whereas the lowest yield (48.253mg/ml) was producedby Lactococcus lactis subsp cremoris with the retention time of3.231. Thus considering the easiness and conciseness of samplepreparation, high performance liquid chromatography could beconsidered as an efficient, accurate and rapid method of organicacid determination in fermented products
Cancer Is a Fatal Disease; Perspectives among Muslim Married Men in Indonesia
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to explore married Muslimman’s perceptions related to breast and cervical cancer inorder to gather information of about their roles in women’scancer. A descriptive exploratory approach was used involvingfocus group with 11 groups (n=77) of men from rural andurban areas of West Java province, Indonesia. Data wereanalyzed using The Inductive Comparative QualitativeAnalysis Approach in Focus Group (ICQAAF). Men perceivedthat cancer is a fatal disease for women because they regard itas deadly, dangerous, scary, and costly. Participants also citedthat this disease is given from God, and He will help to cure it.The study highlights that men views of women’s cancer arevarious and influenced by experience of cancer in their familyor communities, and beliefs. Men’s perceptions of women’scancer could be influence to their roles in women’s health
OTA Based Current-Mode Sinusoidal Quadrature Oscillator Circuits
Get PDFThis paper discusses the circuit realization, analysisand design of OTA based current-mode quadrature oscillators.The active building blocks used in the oscillator design are SOOTA,DO-OTAand/ or MO-OTA. The proposed current-modeoscillator circuitsare derived from integrator based continuoustimefilter structures. The proposed oscillator circuits providesinusoidal output currents with 90º phase difference and otheradvantages include simplicity, good sensitivity and use ofgrounded capacitors.The workability of the proposed oscillatorsis verified with SPICE simulations
A Study on Headache Disorder in Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia Review (October 2013)
Get PDFHeadache is the most common central nervous systemdisorders & one of commonest health problem (1).It has psychological, social & economic effect on the patients &their surrounding populations. Although many epidemiologicalstudies about headache disorders are performed yearly; they areonly partially documented. Those studies are performed mainlyin the developed countries & only few numbers of studies wasperformed in the developing countries because of the limitedresources & funding and the present of difficult to be reachedcites or villages.ObjectivesThe aim of our study is to define the problem of headacheworldwide & to compare the world wide studies & experienceswith studies published in Arabian Gulf countries & Kingdom ofSaudi Arabia (KSA); to gain better understanding of the burdenof headache & situation of headache care in our country; if it issatisfying the patient and if the health resources are well utilizedto decrease their suffering. Worldwide experience should be usedto put helpful solutions & to make the management of headachedisorders in our country more effective & efficient.MethodsReview of most relevant worldwide studies related tointernational headache epidemiology including Arabian Gulfcountries & burden of headache worldwide. We searched studiespublished on PubMed & Google scholar for the most relevant &updated studies.An electronic survey that was performed will be discussed to,those surveys were spread through social websites to get someideas about general populations & physicians opinions on recentstatus of headache care provided to headache patients & the ideaof initiating a specialized headache clinic in Kingdom of SaudiArabia.ResultsIn KSA; prevalence of headache was measured throughsmall number of studies; 1-year prevalence of all headache was63% & it is accounted for 13% of all neurological outpatients.More than one-third of school students were absent from schooldue to headache. Mean headache-attributed lost work-days perperson/year was 24.0 days for migraine, 6.6 days for Tension typeheadache (TTH ) & 53.4 days for medication overuse headache .The results of our 3 questionnaires show that; almost half ofour samples have monthly attacks of headache & around 10-15%have daily headache attacks. More than one third of theresponders mentioned that headache prevent them fromperforming their daily activity , it causes social isolation in morethan 20 % of them , in almost equal percentage it is affect theirrelations & it is affect the school or work attendance in 8.33-9.3% of them.Almost all of our responders agree that there is a need formore organization in management of headache cases & moreeducation for headache patients in KSA.ConclusionEpidemiological studies worldwide show that headache has ahigh prevalence & burden; most of the developed country initiateheadache organizations, programs that is aiming for physicianeducations & specialized headache clinic. Studies in KSA showthat headache is affecting people life & most of the patients donot know where to go to manage their headaches. Moreorganized headache care is needed & a Saudi headache societyshould be built to perform more studies & provide optimal carefor headache patients
Effects of Seed Culture and Attached Growth System on the Performance of Anammox Hybrid Reactor Treating Nitrogenous Wastewater
Get PDFThe start-up of anammox (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) process in hybrid reactor delineated four distinct phases i.e. cell lysis, lag phase, activity elevation and stationary phase. Cell lysis phase was marked by death and decay of heterotrophic denitrifiers resulting in breakdown of organic nitrogen into ammonium. Lag phase showed initiation of anammox activity with turnover of heterotrophic denitrifiers, which is evident from appearance of NO3-N in the effluent. In activity elevation phase, anammox became the dominant reaction, which can be attributed to consequent reduction of NH4-N into N2 with increased NO3-N in the effluent. Proper selection of mixed seed culture at influent NO2-/NH4+ ratio (1:1) and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 1 day led to early start up of anammox within 70 days. Pseudo steady state removal efficiencies of NH4+ and NO2- were found as 94.3% and 96.4% respectively, at nitrogen loading rate (NLR) of 0.35 kg N/m3d at an HRT of 1 day. Analysis of the data indicated that attached growth system contributes an additional 11% increase in the ammonium removal and results an average of 29% reduction in sludge washout rate. Mass balance study of nitrogen indicated that 74.1% of total input nitrogen is converted into N2 gas followed by 11.2% being utilized in biomass development. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation of the granular sludge clearly showed the presence of cocci and rod shaped microorganisms intermingled on the external surface of the granules
Anchor Piled Footings – An Alternative Foundation Technique in Expansive Soils
Get PDFA search for alternative foundation systems inexpansive soils has been continued since their problems wererecognized all over the world. Despite the availability of a goodnumber of remedial techniques, their adoptability andeffectiveness under varied geographical and climatic conditionshave remained questionable. The present paper discusses the fieldinvestigations on the recently promulgated technique of anchorpiled footings in expansive soils. These studies have revealed thatthe granular anchor piles exhibit promising pullout capacity evenunder fully wet condition compared to conventional concrete piles.The heave of model footings provided with granular anchor pilesdecreased by about 73-93% while for footings provided withconventional concrete piles the heave value is decreased by 40 -75%. It is felt from this study that the above technique of anchorpiled footings can be an effective alternative to conventional pilefoundations in expansive soils
Design and Implementation of EMB System
Get PDFThe EMB(Electric Mechanical Brake) system is replacing the former hydrodynamic brake system. A brake system is a nonlinear system which applies a different compressive force depending on the position of the brake pad. The EMB system operates the brake by the motor instead of the hydrodynamic system. So the new design of brake caliper and the development of the motor controller and the invertor are needed. The gap between the pads shall be controlled exactly to operate an accurate force control. The new algorithm to compensate the pad abrasion and the disk abrasion is needed. In this paper, the mechanical part are designed to operate the brake and the EMB controller are designed and implemented with a motor controller and an inverter. The EMB controller model is verified by the MATLAB. The initialization algorithm is developed to compensate the pad abrasion and the backlash of the gear to make the same gap between the disk and the pad. The suggested algorithm detects the pad gap equally and the force depending on the pad gap is measured consistently
Prosody Generation in Neutral Speech for Storytelling Application Using Tilt Model
Get PDFThis paper proposes Intonation Modeling for Prosodygeneration in Neutral speech for Marathi (language spoken inMaharashtra, India) story telling applications. Now a day’s audiostory telling devices are very eminent for children. Emotion putsprecise meaning in the audio to understand content in speech. Inthis paper, we proposed tilt model for stressed words in Marathifor speech modification. Tilt model predicts modification in toneof neutral speech. GMM is used to identify stressed words formodification
Design of a Wind Farm in Kuwait
Get PDFKuwait is considering diversifying its energy resourcesand not solely depending on oil and gas. Wind energy is one ofthe renewable energies being considered by the Government. Bythe year of 2030, the Government is planning to generate 120MW from wind energy, which makes about 6% of the totalrenewable energy produced. Previous work conducted by formerAUM senior students concluded that the area of the Abraq AlHabari has the highest potential for installing wind farm withwind power density (WPD) of 180 W/m2 at hub height of 10meters. This finding, however, was based on wind data for oneyear only (2013). In this project we collected data for three yearsto see if the wind speeds recorded in 2013 are consistent, yearafter a year. We will also have looked at best wind farm layoutthat would yield the maximum energy production at theminimum cost. Important factors such as terrain, and fieldroughness will be studied with the help of industry standardsoftware such as WAsP and Windrose. Nevertheless, the costanalysis will be conducted to see how the project is
Impacts of Electricity Rates on the Economics of Rooftop PV System
Get PDFThe huge negative environmental impacts of usingfossil fuel-based electricity generation systems is widely visible interms of air pollutions, greenhouse gas emissions induced climatechange, and skyrocketing of electricity prices while the resourceis continuously being depleted. Using renewable energy sourcesuch as solar energy will surely reduce the negative impacts ofconventional fuels used for electricity generation.Mitigating the negative impact of the traditional energysources usage for the production of electricity needs a concertedeffort of all inhabitants of the planet Earth. Renewable energysources such as wind and solar have recently been seen assaviours. While the technical possibility and their readiness areseen as non-barriers to their deployment, one major barrier thatrecently has been showing up is the economical comparison oftheir economics with grid electricity where and when it isavailable. The premium is still acceptable for having a standalonePV system where grid electricity is not reachable. The economicsanalysis of such standalone system can easily been computed asthere are less dynamics involved. The case is a bit complicatedwhere the PV system is grid-tied and bidirectional energyexchange with the grid is allowable. Dynamics such as feed-intariffs, time of use tariffs, block tariffs et cetera makes theeconomics analysis of grid-tied energy systems complicated tomodel, analyse, and optimise. Net present cost as an economicindicator of technical feasible grid-tied energy system is used toassess the economic viability using HOMER software. Differentscenarios are evaluated with fixed electricity rate but withdifferent sellback prices