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Cloudlet Networks Performance Analysis and Improvement
Get PDFCloud computing is a Participation in the process and storage operations across distant servers that are shared by many organizations and users and thus be transferred from an application to a service. The organization can share data over the Internet and user can pay only for the resources that will be used only. While cloud computing has disadvantages, there are some advantages for cloudlets have over cloud computing which include: lower network latency and users having full ownership of the data shared. When the need of data to be stored in the servers grows quickly, the workload in every resource will grow too. So, we need a load balancing algorithm and the load balancing is important issue in the cloud environment. Load balancing defined as a technique that divides the extra load equally across all the resources to ensure that no one resource overloaded. . So the performance of the cloud can be improved by having an excellent load balancing strategy. For that we will discuss the existing load balancing algorithms in cloud computing and propose algorithm to improve round robin algorithm by CloudAnalyst simulator based on a factor of response time and processing time and the proposed algorithm was found to be best in response time and processing time when we compare it with round robin algorithms
Technological Advancement in Mapping of Heritage by Using GIS (Mapping of Heritage: Preservation for the Future)
Get PDFLahore the historic city is expanding day by day. The urban expansion affected the heritage boundaries, results into shrinking and deteriorating the precious structures. The study aims to map the historic sites by looking into it the impacts of urban development through boundary delineation process. The pictorial journey elaborates how the precious heritage are being packed into haphazard containers of irregular boundaries, which vanished the beautiful impacts of Mughal gardens around the historic structures helplessly standing there to feel pity in them. In order to improve the effectiveness of preservation strategies the role of new digital technologies such as GIS has played their vital role in the building conservation strategies. This paper presents the results of a research developed as part of the research project conducted by the researcher in college of Art and Design, School of Architecture, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. The aims of the study were to explore the implementation of GIS as a conservational specialist in the field of conservational management, to deal the various aspects facing while managing the Mughal sites widely spreading the study area in the 3-D environment and using the GIS analytical tools to determine the urban development impacts on historic buildings. This study fills the gap between the CAD and three dimensional environment and integrating GIS from scanned images of heritage sites or photogrammetric data to the library of parametric architectural objects of the historic buildings and represent in the form of overlay layers. A framework of modeling, 3D geometry, topology, semantic, appearance properties, efficient management and analysis of the relevant data to the heritage sites are used in the research
Evaluating Machine Translations from Arabic into English and Vice Versa
Get PDFMachine translation (MT) allows direct communication between two persons without the need for the third party or via dictionary in your pocket, which could bring significant and per formative improvement. Since most traditional translational way is a word-sensitive, it is very important to consider the word order in addition to word selection in the evaluation of any machine translation. To evaluate the MT performance, it is necessary to dynamically observe the translation in the machine translator tool according to word order, and word selection and furthermore the sentence length. However, applying a good evaluation with respect to all previous points is a very challenging issue. In this paper, we first summarize various approaches to evaluate machine translation. We propose a practical solution by selecting an appropriate powerful tool called iBLEU to evaluate the accuracy degree of famous MT tools (i.e. Google, Bing, Systranet and Babylon). Based on the solution structure, we further dihttp://researchplusjournals.com/index.php/IRJECE/workflow/index/291/5scuss the performance order for these tools in both directions Arabic to English and English to Arabic. After extensive testing, we can decide that any direction gives more accurate results in translation based on the selected machine translations MTs. Finally, we proved the choosing of Google as best system performance and Systranet as the worst one
The Effect of the Drying Method on the Quality of Dried Kiwi Slices
Get PDFAbstract— Drying is known as a food preservation method which increases the food’s storage time by water reduction. Traditional drying consisted of open sun-drying, but different industrial dryers have been widely used in recent times. The new dryers consist of convective, infrared, ultrasound, freeze fluidized bed and freeze dryers. All of these dryers reduce the water content but under different mechanisms which leads to the end products with different qualities. In this study we aim to compare the difference in quality of kiwi fruit slices dried by three different dryers: 1. Convective tray dryer, 2. Microwave dryer and 3. Freeze dryer. The tray dryer experiments were conducted in two air temperatures of 60 and 80oC in the constant air velocity of 0.8 m/s. The microwave dryer operated in 3 output powers of 180, 270 and 360 W. The condenser temperature and pressure in the freeze dryer reduced to -50oC and 0.1 mbar, respectively. The operating conditions and time were regulated so that the moisture content of all dried samples reduced to nearly 10% in the wet basis. The three parameters of color change, ascorbic acid and antioxidant reduction were selected as the measuring criteria for the comparison of the product qualities. The experiments show that the freeze drying caused the minimum color change while the microwave drying in the maximum power of 360W caused the maximum amount of color change. The concentration of ascorbic acid was measured in the fresh fruits and dried samples by standard methods. The measurements proved that the ascorbic acid content of the freeze dried samples was 80% of the fresh fruits. The ascorbic acid content of other samples was much lower. The antioxidant activity of the dried samples and the fresh fruits was also measured by standard methods and the experimental data also showed that the freeze drying causes the minimum reduction in the antioxidant activity
Stability Studies of Immobilized Saccharomyces Cerevisiae in Calcium Alginate and Carrageenan Beads
Get PDFCurrently the resources for fossil fuels are depleting together with increase in fuel prices. This has urged the need for cheaper alternative fuels especially biofuels. The production of the most common liquid biofuel which is bioethanol using immobilized yeast cells is an approach taken to increase its demand in the world’s market. There are various methods for the immobilization of yeast cells; however before they can be applied in the industry the stability of the immobilization technology must be investigated. This research aims to study the stabilities of immobilized S. cerevisiae in calcium alginate and carrageenan beads for bioethanol production. The S. cerevisiae was immobilized in calcium alginate and carrageenan beads using entrapment method. Next, screening for the optimal concentration of sodium alginate and semi refined carrageenan matrices were determined by employing fermentation and bioethanol quantification using GC-MS. Concentrations of 2% (w/v) calcium alginate and 2% (w/v) semi refined carrageenan beads were identified to produce the highest bioethanol yield which were 0.286 g/mL and 0.065 g/mL respectively. The two beads were then chosen to be tested in various stability studies with respect to bioethanol production such as storage stability, reusability, pH, thermaland permeability test. It was found out that a concentration of 2% (w/v) calcium alginate beads were more stable as immobilization matrix for S. cerevisiae as compared to 2% (w/v) semi refined carrageenan
Toxic Effects of Water Soluble Fractions of Crude Oil, Diesel and Gasoline on Ceratophyllum Demersum
Get PDFAbstract- Oil exploration and exploitation has resulted in oil pollution in the Niger Delta. This study investigated the toxicity of water soluble fractions (WSFs) of crude oil, diesel fuel and gasoline on Ceratophyllum demersum (L). The parameters measured include fresh weight, biomass production and relative growth rate. The water soluble fractions concentrations used were 25%, 50% 100% for crude oil and diesel and 5%, 10%, 20% were used for gasoline. Results from the study showed that at 25% WSF of crude oil and diesel fuel and 5% WSF of gasoline, there was significant increase (P < 0.05) in fresh weight, biomass production and relative growth rate of Ceratophyllum demersum. While increase in concentration resulted in decrease in the growth parameters. High concentrations of Water Soluble Fractions of gasoline were the most toxic followed by diesel fuel. This study showed that low concentration of water soluble fractions of petroleum hydrocarbons enhanced growth while high concentration was toxic to the aquatic macrophyte.
Keywords: Crude oil, diesel, gasoline, Ceratophyllum demersum
Hydraulic Fracturing Designs For Low Permeability Gas Condensate Reservoirs Having Lean and Rich Condensate Compositions
Get PDFGas condensate reservoirs have been challenging many researchers in petroleum industry for decades because of their complexities in flow behavior. After dew point pressure is reached, gas condensate will drop liquid out and increase liquid saturation near wellbore vicinity called condensate banking or condensate blockage. Hydraulic fracturing in horizontal direction has been proved to be a reliable method to mitigate condensate blockage and increase productivity of gas condensate well by means of pressure redistribution in the near wellbore vicinity. In this paper the parameters of dimensionless fracture conductivity and Stimulated Reservoir Volume (SRV) designs of lean and rich condensate compositions are studied. Well productivity and saturation profile of each design had been observed. The results from this study indicate that the higher dimensionless fracture conductivity gives the higher well productivity in every studied parameter in lean condensate composition. However, in rich condensate composition shows different trend of results because it has higher heavy ends (C7+) that drop into liquid easier once pressure falls below dew point pressure. The maximum number of fracture and fracture permeability can be recognized in the study of rich condensate. In the study of SRV indicates that number of fracture is superior to fracture width in both gas and condensate productivity. Moreover, performing hydraulic fracturing can decrease pressure drawdown, production time and liquid dropout which leads to the mitigation of condensate banking near wellbore that can be recognized in the study of condensate saturation profile
Analysing Ship Nox Emissions with Hadoop A Case Study for the Port of Rotterdam
Get PDFAtmospheric emissions such as NOx from ship engines have a drastic impact on the environment. Controlling them is crucial for maintaining a sustainable growth for any logistics company. The Port of Rotterdam (The Netherlands) is using big data analytics to gain actionable insights into these emissions. Our case study deals with the implementation of the emission calculations and reporting implemented in Hadoop. In the analytical setup we introduce the method for estimating emissions based on recorded ship position data and information about its engines. We present a flexible approach that stores intermediate results allowing different levels of aggregation. These levels of aggregations are per geographical area, per grid or for a whole journey attributed to each visited berth. The results are visualized in a Geographical Information System (GIS). The estimated atmospheric emissions also serves as input for the deposition model. We present some selected results of emissions per grid as well as for pre-defined areas. These results are used by the port to make strategic decision. For future work we recommend to also implement the deposition model in Hadoop as this model is also calculative intensive and therefore it currently only accepts aggregated emissions as input, whereby its accuracy is most likely reduced
Strategic Mine Planning Approach Applied to Large Scale Copper open Pit Mines by Comparing The Impact of three Different Bloc Models of the Same Deposit, On the Long Term Mine Plan
Get PDFThe Kamoto Oliveira Virgule (KOV) open pit mine is located at 300Km from Lubumbashi, second largest city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, in the mineral rich province of the Lualaba (EX-Katanga province).KOV pit is located 10Km south of the Kolwezi town and it is essentially constituted of sedimental rock, in a major portion of the so called “Lambeau Geologique de Kolweziâ€, which is a part of the well-known copperbelt mineralization. In 2006, a joint venture of Glencore, Gecamines (the DRC State owned Company), and Simco, took over the open pit mine, which was previously owned by Gecamines, and formed the Kamoto Copper Company (KCC).KOV open pit mine is classified as a large scale open pit mine due to his dimensions (approximately 2.5km East-West and 3Km North-South).the mine has also a high strip ratio ranging from 8 to 10 in some areas. At his initial stage (Prefeasibility study), SRK released a bloc model which is still be used by the Kamoto Copper Company (KCC), but since the geology department addressed the issue about grade control model ore discrepancies, when comparing it to the SRK model, the management hired another contractor that constructed another bloc model. Internal adjustments using the grade control model data to better predict tonnes and grades have been also implemented but reported very poor results .since reserves have been officially reported to the market in 2014 to the TSX, the reserve report had to remain consistent with the 2014 report, despite that the issue has been fixed ,it still for a matter of interest to conduct a comparative analysis, to check on the impact of the other bloc model on the life of mine and the mine schedule .since we know by comparison that the other model (OBM) has a difference in its 3D distribution of ore and waste material. This paper will be focused on determining the impact on the life of mine and the mine schedule of the KOV pit with regards of those differences, between the bloc models.Index Terms: Mine planning, mine scheduling, mine optimization, life of mine, ultimate pit
Reliable Low Voltage Circuit Design Techniques
Get PDFIn this paper, non-conventional circuit design techniques has been reviewed. The techniques discussed are widely used for realizing low voltage low power analog circuits. The discussed techniques in this paper are: Bulk Driven, Floating and Quasi-floating Gate followed by operating of Bulk Driven MOSFET in Floating and Quasi-floating Gate mode. In all the approach, the threshold voltage restriction is removed or reduced from the input signal path thereby reducing the power consumption. However, the adverse effect lies is terms of reduced performance parameters of MOSFET compared to conventional gate driven MOSFET parameters as shown in this paper through simulation results. The comparative analysis of MOSFET parameters results in encouragement of two approaches: Quasi-floating Gate and Bulk Driven Quasi-floating Gate MOSFET. Each of these approaches has its advantage in specific domains. Further in this paper, an Operational Transconductance Amplifier is proposed which use the Bulk Driven Quasi-floating Gate MOSFET technique and the same is amplifier under similar conditions is also realized using Bulk Driven MOSFET so as to highlight the advantage of Bulk Driven Quasi-floating Gate MOSFET over Bulk Driven MOSFET. All the performances metrics are achieved with the help of HSpice simulator using MOSFET models of 180nm technology provided by UMC