Anglisticum - Journal of the Association for Anglo-American Studies, Macedonia
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ARUNDHATI ROY’S “THE GOD OF SMALL THINGS” THEME, NARRATIVE TECHNIQUE & CRITICAL APPRECIATION
Full text linkArundhati Roy is one such name in the field of Indian literature that is highly respected worldwide. She is so popular that many people from across the world have preordered her second novel, The Ministry of Utmost Happiness (2017) which was published almost twenty years later her first novel, The God of Small Things (1997). Her maiden novel was a massive success and has been sold over 6 million copies and has been translated into 40 languages. It was the second “Booker prize” winning novel from India after Salman Rushdie’s Midnight Children which won in 1980. She was also awarded the Sydney Prize in the year 2004 for her notable work in societal campaigns and the promotion of non-violence. She was also honoured with Sahitya Academy by the Government of India for her collection of essays, The Algebra of Infinite Justice but she didn’t accept it. Her style is considered new and original, different from most of her contemporary novelists.Keywords: Social consciousness, caste-conflict, class-conflict, gender parity, childhood trauma
ROLE OF MYTH AND LEGENDS IN THE PROSE OF ERKIN SAMANDAR
Full text linkThe article analyses the role of myths, legends used in the stylization of Erkin Samandar’s novel “The Well of God”. The role of folk prose highlighted in the forming the plot of realistic novel. Characters portraits comparatively studied in folklore with its alternatives. The author's novel “The Well of God” depicts the mythological predictors infiltrating visible, imaginary angelic images, dreams and other motives. The article says that Erkin Samandar skillfully incorporated into his novel the exaggerated images of the epic, the character of giant people and folk symbols. Also analyzed the similarities in the prose of Erkin Samandar to the images in the epics of the “Gurogly” (Grave’s son) series, including the symbols in the epics such as “Arab Tangan”, “Birth of Gurogly”. It has been investigated, that the novelist used the plot of the epic “Asil and Karam”, which is widespread among the Turkic people. In short, the myths, legends, images, artistic depictive means, motives were the main means for ensuring the art of the novel “The Well of God”.Keywords: Erkin Samandar, “Tangri qudug’i (God's well)”, folklore novel, myth, legend
THE CHARACTER OR THE AUTHOR? THE BATTLE OF DON QUIXOTE, SCHWEIK AND…, SHAKESPEARE TO THE READER
Full text linkThe character or the author is a debate that sometimes leans on the power of the reader and sometimes on the power of the author to describe the power of a work. But what distinguishes a work represented by the character, and what can distinguish another work represented by the author? When we say that the work is represented by the character, it is not about the idea thrown by Roland Barthes in his essay ‘the death of the author’, nor from Foucault’s question ‘who cares who speaks’, but about the case when the character manages to ‘walk on its own’, thus transforming him into an explanatory dictionary for phenomena. And, in the case of Don Quixote and Schweik, it all has to do with their ‘ability’ to be judged by the reader without the ‘presence’ of the author. Meanwhile Shakespeare’s characters, often extremely significant to some of the most disturbing phenomena in human life, such as betrayal, the desire for power or the desire for wealth, cannot be separated from the author by the reader. Why? According to the author of this work, this difference between Don Quixote, Schweik and Shakespeare is not due to the small number of characters of Cervantes and Hashek and the large number of those of Shakespeare. But Don Quixote and Schweik’s naive portrayal causes readers to dare to judge these characters by themselves. That is why the biggest misunderstandings happen with Schweik and Don Quixote, whereas Shakespeare is the painter of ‘betrayal’, ‘power’ and ‘wealth’ - three things we owe to the ability of thinking. Therefore, Shakespeare's ‘wisdom of the characters’ needs someone to introduce them. And the reader needs the author in order to believe this ‘character wisdom’.Keywords: Don Quixote, Schweik, Shakespeare, Cervantes, Hashek, characters, readers, the author, etc
CONSOLIDATION WITH GRENADES, THAT IS, THE ASSASSINATION ATTEMPT IN JÁSZKARAJENŐ, 1922 A CHAPTER OF POLITICAL TERRORISM IN HUNGARY
Full text linkIn the 1920s, paramilitary violence was an almost natural phenomenon in Hungary, like in many other countries of Central Europe. After the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire the new right-wing government, establishing its power with the help of the Entente powers, could difficulty rule the quasi anarchistic conditions. In 1920–1921, Hungary was terrorized by irregular military formations that were formally part of the National Army, and radical right-wing soldiers committed serious crimes frequently by anti-Semitic motivations. Although paramilitary violence ceased in 1921, the militia movement lived on in the form of secret paramilitary organisations. The government used up these units, since the right-wing elite was afraid of another communist takeover, using them as auxiliary police forces, and they also wanted to circumvent the limitations of armament of the Treaty of Trianon, also aiming to cooperate with Austrian and German radical-right paramilitary groups including Hitler’s National Socialist movement as well. Irregular soldiers became concerned in political terrorism, several bomb outrages. Although the police did its best to investigate the cases, most perpetrators interestingly were not sent into prison. The age of the bomb raids, as the press of the opposition called this period, finally ended with the fact that murderous, anti-Semitic terrorists remained at large, and found their places in the authoritarian conservative regime of Hungary of the 1920s. The article reconstructs certain terroristic crimes committed by the members of irregular military formations, mainly the fortunately prevented grenade assassination plan of Jászkarajenő via a micro-historical case study, based on archival records of criminal suits. Furthermore, beyond the analysis of the individual cases of three different, but interrelating bomb outrages, it intends to draw general conclusions about the controversial and complex relationship between the early Hungarian paramilitary radical right-wing movements and the government, considering that several paramilitary commanders operated as influential radical right-wing politicians as well.Keywords: political terrorism, anti-Semitism, paramilitary violence, radical right-wing movements, Hungarian political history.
THEORY OF LINGUOCULTURAL CODES AND UZBEK PROVERBS
Full text linkCulture codes are the key to understanding culture, which allows the identification of cultural information encoded in some form. Cultural codes are also called linguocultural codes. Linguocultural codes are a term of linguocultural studies. Based on scientific definitions and interpretations of cultural codes, it can be said that the term refers to a system of material or ideal symbols that express a particular cultural content in a conditional, symbolic, and coded way. Linguocultural codes are the product of the process of categorizing the world by man. Human language is one of the most important expressions of cultural content. Linguocultural codes are reflected in the language in linguocultural units such as proverbs, phrases, metaphors, curses, prayers, and applause, which mainly reflect the figurative thinking of the people. Linguocultural codes clearly show people's ideas about the material and spiritual world, national thinking, axiological views. The theory of cultural codes can be used to study the Uzbek linguistic landscape of the world, to determine the evolution of the laws inherent in the national thinking of our people. At the same time, it should be noted that cultural codes are primarily a phenomenon related to the national-cultural character of the people.Keywords: linguocultural, cultural code, linguocultural code, somatic code, time code, spatial code, subject code, spiritual code, biomorph code
COMPARATIVE ETHNOCHOREOGRAPHIC ASPECTS
Full text linkThe movement is the first non-verbal language among the forms of human communication. It is widely believed in scientific thought that the gesture was chronologically the first means that primitive people used to communicate with each other. Dance to our ancestors was an important spiritual food, later also religious. For the birth of dance, there are many versions of its origin, meaning and explanation. Due to the change in the historical, social, economic, climatic conditions, etc, nations, although they have preserved the main veins of tradition, have often reflected the change by modifying some aspects of the shapes, formations and characters of the jump, sometimes excluding from use functional and inappropriate non-creations, certain types of movements or figurations of certain dances, themes, dresses or even whole moving phrases. Albanian choreographic folklore or Albanian ethnochoreography are no exception. The Albanian language, in contrast to the Indo-European or Slavic languages, uses original terms in the denomination of popular choreography. Therefore, the words “kcim apo kërcim” (from the word itself meaning detachment from the ground) and “valle” (which is thought to derive from the word wave) are traditionally used. These words express originality and identity in the Albanian linguistic heritage. Our ethno-choreologist researchers during their numerous studies have highlighted the way and the very form of how figuration evolved in folk dances or dances. The Albanian folk dance and its early and original tradition sheds light on the history of ethnicity and ethnogenesis of the Albanians.Keywords: movement, human communication, dance, origin, tradition, folk dance, Albanian ethnochoreography
COMPARISON OF NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY OF COX-1 AND COX-2 REGARDING SIDE EFFECTS IN THE ASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
Full text linkNonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used to treat symptoms caused by rheumatoid arthritis due to their ability to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX). The side effects of NSAIDs are also associated with inhibiting prostaglandin production. Consequently, their application is problematic. NSAID selective COX-2 inhibitors give minor gastrointestinal complications. Our study aims to compare nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory inhibitors of COX-1 and COX-2 regarding side effects in the gastrointestinal tract of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Keywords: Nonsteroidal anti-infammatory drugs, rheumatoid arthtritis, COX-2, gastrointestinal tract, PPIs
MORAL AND EDUCATIONAL VIEWS ON THE NAVOI’S KIT’AS
Full text linkТhis article focuses on the genre, characteristics and ideas of morality expressed in kit’as (kit’a is a poetic genre of Uzbek classic literature) of the great thinker Alisher Navoi. Through the analysis of the poetic text, issues on enlightenment and education covered on the kit’as are widely revealed. In general, the essence and meaning of the kit’as which are counted to be the rare masterpiece of Navoi’s poetry is discussed in details.Keywords: kit’as, morality, education, genre, artistry, Navoi, poetry
MECHANISMS OF CULTURAL INNOVATION ACTIVITY OF STUDENTS IN HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
Full text linkThis article is a scientific study of the mechanisms of formation of a culture of innovative activity of students of technical higher education. A number of references have been analyzed in defining the directions of scientific research, and the creation of educational technologies that allow students to dramatically increase the innovative learning environment and mastery indicators that can lead to a culture of innovative thinking has been identified as the main direction and goal of our research. As a result of our research, the need to create opportunities for students to use modern literature to increase their interest in science and improve their mastery. The article provides information on how to solve this problem, as well as the creation of electronic textbooks, manuals, task sets and electronic manuals for students of technical disciplines in several branches and their capabilities. Recommendations and suggestions are also made on the mechanisms of formation and development of integration of higher education institutions and industrial enterprises, the introduction of innovative technologies in the educational process and the formation of an innovative environment.Keywords: innovation, integration, innovative learning environment, e-literature, innovative ability, learning process, independent learning, e-learning, mastery indicators, innovative thinking culture, learning development mechanisms, innovative practice platform, student personal indicators, self-assessment system and individual control
EARLY PROMOTION OF PHRASEOLOGICAL COMPETENCE THROUGH GERMAN LANGUAGE TEXTBOOKS AT THE BASIC LEVEL (LEVEL A1 AND A2)
Full text linkThis paper focuses on the question of the extent to which phraseological units, in both a narrow and a broader sense, are already present at a beginner level in textbooks of German as a foreign language. Since phrasemes are complex lexical units, foreign language learners are usually expected to encounter them regularly only at advanced levels (B1 and above) and then make them a passive or active part of their vocabulary. In view of this, teaching phrasemes at A1 or A2 level is a special challenge for textbook authors and thus requires a precise, well thought-out conception. Using the example of the basic level textbook Schritte International Neu (volumes 1-4, level A1/A2), this study examines how successfully German phraseolexemes are introduced and didacticized for adolescent and adult learners. The focus is on the following questions: What kinds of phrasemes mainly occur? How they are specifically introduced to the learner in the textbook? What types of exercises are used to promote a certain phraseological competence already at this stage of learning?Keywords: Phraseology, phraseodidactics