Anglisticum - Journal of the Association for Anglo-American Studies, Macedonia
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THE PLAN OF THE WHITE INTERNATIONALE SECRET HUNGARIAN–BAVARIAN–AUSTRIAN–RUSSIAN MILITARY NEGOTIATIONS AND ATTEMPTS OF FORMING A MILITARY LEAGUE TO REVISE THE PEACE TREATIES OF PARIS, 1919–1923
Full text linkAfter the signing of the Peace Treaty of Versailles, some politicians of the defeated states, mainly those in Germany and the successor states of the disintegrated Austro–Hungarian monarchy were very unsatisfied with the defeat and the considerable territorial losses, and sought the possibility of revision, including the help of possible allies. From 1919 onwards, Hungary’s new right-wing political leadership continued to actively seek contacts with German-speaking, mainly Bavarian and Austrian radical right-wing political forces and their associated paramilitary formations. On the Bavarian side, General Erich Ludendorff, Colonel Max Bauer and the then young and emerging far-right politician Adolf Hitler attempted to set up an international revisionist organisation at the end of 1919. The German radical right-wing politicians would have seen the possibility of changing the political situation mainly in the coalition of the Free Corpses, which were very numerous in both Germany and Austria and mainly consisted of First World War veterans. The plan envisaged by General Erich Ludendorff would have consisted of an agreement between the Bavarian-German Free Corpses, the Austrian radical right-wing militias, the leaders of the right-wing counter-revolutionary Government, and the tsarist, so-called ’white’ Russian troops. The paper makes an attempt to explore the history of the Bavarian–Austrian–Hungarian–Russian secret negotiations the aim of which would have been a Central European military association against the Entente powers called the White Internationale, which, of course, was never realised due to the international political situations.Keywords: Peace Treaty of Versailles, Bavarian–Austrian–Hungarian–Russian secret negotiations, Adolf Hitler, etc
HINDRANCE TO EFFECTIVE ENGLISH SPEAKING AT HIGHER SECONDARY LEVEL: A CASE STUDY ON THE COLLEGES OF DHAKA CITY IN BANGLADESH
Full text linkThe paper aims at investigating the prevailing barriers that the learners of higher secondary level in Dhaka city encounter in speaking English effectively in their classrooms. It reconnoitres the challenges that prevail in the teaching-learning environment and impede rehearsing English speaking inside the classroom. English has been inescapably used in everyday life in this period of intense global competition. But for various reasons, students in higher secondary level often struggle to develop adequate speaking skills.And these obstacles affect in their upcoming higher study, going abroad as well as in their future career. This study aims to locate the hindrances that most of the students of the level face in speaking English fluently in the classroom. A systematic study is conducted using a quantitative approach, and a questionnaire is used to obtain data.The findings accentuate the unreachability of logistic, managerial, and administrative amenities; unapproachability of pertinent teaching-learning techniques, methods and approaches, inaccessibility of reciprocated and accommodating setting that reinforce the core impediments in teaching-learning English speaking at higher secondary stage. This paper pinpoints all those problems and presents probable recommendations to develop English speaking competency. Future scholars will benefit from this study’s insights as they investigate the difficulties faced by English language learners in Bangladesh.Keywords: Competency, Dhaka, effective English speaking, higher secondary level, hindrance
REFLECTIONS OF THE FRENCH ART BETWEEN THE MID-19TH AND THE EARLY 20TH CENTURIES IN VINCENTE MINNELLI’S FILMS
Full text linkThis paper examines and presents some heretofore familiar, as well as new suppositions: one being the influence of the French art between the mid-19th and early 20th centuries on two films by Vincente Minnelli directed in the 1950s – An American in Paris (1951) and Gigi (1958). Following a brief discussion on some biographical details that may have been the reason for Minnelli’s affection for such art, and the development of his career, what follows is an overview of the production of both films, and more importantly an analysis of the references to art that shaped their visual component, while simultaneously attempting to disclose possible reasons for their appearance.Keywords: film musical, art, France, Vincente Minnelli, Arthur Freed
PRIMARY ENGLISH TEACHERS' UNDERSTANDING AND PRACTICE OF EXISTING CURRICULUM OF ENGLISH EDUCATION IN BANGLADESH: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY
Full text linkThe study aims at exploring the English teachers' understanding and use of curricular recommendations at primary schools in Bangladesh. Recently, to implement the language teaching policy of communicative approach in English teaching at the primary level, Government of Bangladesh has worked seriously. But with students having little opportunity to use English in their classroom environment and without a sufficient number of qualified English teachers, it is less possible for the students to acquire English language skills as well as to fulfill the purpose of the newest curriculum of NCTB of Bangladesh. Previous researchers have shown that the most of the students of the primary schools are weak in English due to the insufficiency of skilled and trained teachers who are well-known to the latest methodology and approaches of teaching as well as the lack of sufficient materials for teaching in the classroom. The study will also reveal the present condition of English teaching at primary level and investigate the major issues and barriers of teaching as well as reason of not implementing the purpose of latest curriculum by the English teachers’ at the primary level in Bangladesh.Keywords: understanding, curriculum, implement, CLT, practice, materials
ANALYSIS OF THE CHARACTER IN HEINRICH BÖLL’S "THROUGH THE EYE OF A CLOWN"
Full text linkThe novel under analysis, "Through the Eye of a Clown" is a serious modest scientific endeavor for a reading and study work. So after reading and re-reading I will try to bring the specifics and generals of this important and very current work at a time when clowns have increased in number. This simple theorem, in fact, which seems so clear today, at least in that part of the defined "free" world, was imprinted during the authoritarian regimes that erupted in Europe during the last century, buried under the annihilation avalanche of propaganda. It is therefore interesting to think that suddenly, the whole category of intellectuals would have disappeared from the cultural obscurantism of a dictatorship, but in reality this is not the case. "Nothing changes if it is a post-war period, a dictatorship, or a violent civil society. "We are based on the human truth of the artist, who has no time." Andrea has conceived of putting the stretched part in time, but Within the human mind. "The part is not abstract. Things are said of course, there is also talk about the war, since the events take place right after it, but what we are most interested in is the man, your fate, what happens to him" - "Ansichten eines Clowns".Keywords: Ethics, teacher, ethical concerns, school
SYNTACTIC AND SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF LITERALLY IDIOMS IN ENGLISH AND ALBANIAN LANGUAGE
Full text linkBoth English and Albanian languages are highly idiomatic. Idiomatic phrases are meaningful as a whole or complete items rather than a collection of separate words. Idioms are created from the free word-groups, which in the course of the historical development of English and Albanian languages have acquired semantic and grammatical inseparability. We may also say that idioms are derived from different fields and those that are derived from more specific domains are likely to differ across cultures. Classification of idioms in both languages Albanian and English is the same in phraseological context, i.e., lexical form. It differs in historical, cultural and geographical accidents but sometimes they share common culture. When defining Albanian and English idioms, they are similar in three levels: semantic, lexical and syntactic.Keywords: idioms, lexical items, Albanian students, Albanian equivalent, syntactic structure, verbal and non-verbal idiom, comparative method, William Shakespeare, Geoffrey Chaucer, Ismail Kadare, Sami Frashëri, etc
OCCURRENCES AND TRANSLATION PROBLEMS OF PREFIXED WORDS IN ENGLISH AND ALBANIAN LANGUAGE
Full text linkTranslation could be generally defined as the reformulation of what is spoken or written in the original text, by means of words of another language. It is of vital importance to translators that target text readers accept the translated information in the same way as the source or original text readers. Translation cannot be considered as really accomplished, unless the translation naturalness and accuracy is conceived and felt by target readers. This is the reason why translation process may be considered as very challenging an activity and therefore difficulties arise during this process as each language has its own originality when describing the world, its morpho-syntactic structures, its grammatical rules, etc. The Albanian and English languages derive from two different language families. Thus, they differ in many linguistic aspects such as grammar, word-order, sentence types, verb forms, adverbs, adjectives, time aspects, types of articles, etc,of which problems arise in translation. Translation problems have also been observed with prefixed words from English into Albanian language. This study treats occurrences and translation problems of prefixed words in English and Albanian language, based on a well-chosen linguistic corpus in order to illustrate and observe prefixed words occurrences from English to Albanian. Results were observed and conclusions were drawn based on principles of correspondence in terms of prefixed words comparatively in both languages.Keywords: Prefixation, prefixed words, translation, principles of correspondence, original text, target text
ASSESSMENT OF GOOGLE TRANSLATION TEXTS AMONG THE ALBANIAN PUPILS IN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN MALISHEVA AND SUHAREKA MUNICIPALITIES
Full text linkNowadays the technology is progressing too fast in any aspect, even in schools. Except the teachers also the learners use the smart phones for their different purposes. A phenomenon is also the Google translate, which the students use the most for their English classes. As a teacher in a primary school we faced with this ‘problem’ if we can call it so. We saw many students using the GT for translating the whole texts from the book and gave it to me without telling me that they used the help of Google translate. So after reading their works we realized that all of them wrote the same text. So now the aim of this study is to explore the students’ purposes of the use of Google translate, attitudes, behaviors and teachers’ assessment for the Google translated texts. This study will help us to know how much do the students’ use the Google translate, how do they use it, if they translate only words in there or a whole text. On the other hand we will know about the teachers on that how do they expect and react the Google translated texts and how they assess those texts, if they give any advises on how to use it or they just give negative grades about that.Keywords: Technology, Smartphones, Google Translate, Texts, Assessment, etc
LANGUAGE AND STYLE IN WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS’S SELECTED POEMS: “Adam’s Curse”, “Easter, 1916”, “The Second Coming” and “Sailing to Byzantium”
Full text linkThis research demonstrates an in-depth investigation of William Butler Yeats’s key poems, his language, and his distinctive writing style. We've selected four of his well-known poems for this essay: “Adam’s Curse,” “The Second Coming,” “Easter, 1916,” and “Sailing to Byzantium.” Each of them is a different aspect of William’s creative work, incorporating motifs and topics that relate to the historical context and the author’s inner life. The clashing currents of the Victorian era and modernism, which William Butler Yeats stood at, affected his poetry. His poetry continue to serve as a bridge for aspiring modern poets, guiding them to perfection from such expressions of beauty, art in nature, politics, and everything around him.Keywords: William.B.Yeats, poems, style, language, etc
MARTIN SCORSESE’S CHARACTER DRIVEN FILMS: THE STUDY OF MAIN PROTAGONISTS IN TAXI DRIVER (1976) AND RAGING BULL (1980)
Full text linkMartin Scorsese is a crucial figure in American cinema, and one of the few filmmakers who has possessed the gift to skillfully adapt genres and themes throughout the decades by making them thoroughly contemporary. Since his first appearance on the American film scene, this director’s corpus of films has been remarkable as he has successfully merged the commercial and the exploitative. This paper explores how the themes of violence, ethnicity, masculinity, and Catholicism have influenced Scorsese as a filmmaker, as well as the construction of his lead protagonists in Taxi Driver (1976) and Raging Bull (1980). Scorsese’s characters are conflicted, constantly seeking redemption, and are central to the plots of his film, which makes these aforementioned films essentially character-driven.Keywords: Scorsese, violence, Catholicism, masculinity, redemption