Anglisticum - Journal of the Association for Anglo-American Studies, Macedonia
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BACK FORMATION AS A MINOR PROCESS OF WORD FORMATION
Full text linkBack-formation is a process of English word creation that, due to its irregular nature in terms of form and meaning, has yielded numerous plausible interpretations from linguistic researchers in terms of how it functions on non-affixed words that are interpreted as complicated by speakers. These interpretations are based on how back-formation acts on non-affixed words that are interpreted as complex by people. This study will examine the similarities and differences between clipping and back-formation, as well as the typology of back-formation, with the goal of shedding light on the possible workings of the mechanism that may be responsible for the development of new words. Because it is also predicated on a description of this process of word construction in Middle English as well as modern English, the technique that this research study employs can be categorized as descriptive.Keywords: Back-formation, clipping, mechanism, typology, methodology, descriptive.
THE EFFECTS OF INTRAVITREAL ANTI-VEGF INJECTION ON THE MACULAR EDEMA AND VISUAL ACUITY OF PATIENTS WITH WET ARMD
Full text linkGlobally, age-related macular degeneration, or AMD, is the primary cause of irreversible vision loss. It has 2 late-stage manifestations, which may coexist: a nonneo-vascular form known as geographic atrophy and a neovascular form characterized by the presence of macular neovascularization, previously known as choroidal neovascularization. Risk factors for AMD may be nonmodifiable (eg, age) or modifiable (eg, cigarette smoking and low micronutrient intake). According to multiple genome-wide association studies, genetic factors account for at least 55% of total AMD risk, and the pathway most consistently implicated in AMD is the complement cascade. For exudative AMD, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents are the cornerstone of care and are typically administered using 1 of 3 broad approaches: fixed-interval dosing, as-needed dosing, or treat-and-extend dosing. In addition to AMD, multiple retinal pathologies may lead to choroidal neovascularization; these distinct exudative diseases are also frequently managed with antivascular endothelial growth factor drugs. Case report: We describe three months of treatment with three intavitrealaflibercept (EYLEA) in two cases of ARMD with macular edema. Following each injection, the visual acuity (VA) increased in both of the cases. The purpose of this article is to review how anti-VEGF medications affect macular edema and help ARMD patients see better.Keywords: ARMD; macular edema, coroidalneovascularisation, visual acuity, anti-VEGF treatment
A SUGGESTED LESSON PLAN
Full text linkThis lesson plan is a way of guidance for teachers who may find it difficult to start. For teachers, there should be a guide of the main points that should be considered besides pedagogical knowledge of the material in question. As a teacher, one should have an idea of what is going to take place: objectives, a suitable text, and an appropriate environment to succeed. A teacher should prepare the right material for his/her class in advance for there are a lot of challenges that face individuals in charge including the method to be adopted, the level of students involved, and their numbers. In this short essay, those points will be addressed, taking into consideration that what is presented here is a sample that might be remodeled according to the case a teacher finds him/herself in. In addition, this topic might attract the attention of researchers who are interested in teaching and learning to pursue this type of research.Keywords: plan, objective, text, lesson, teacher
APPEARANCE OF GENDER INDICATORS IN THE INTERVIEW TEXT
Full text linkDepending on the nature of the participants of the addresser and addressee in the communicative act, discursive activities such as monologic and dialogic are distinguished, many researchers recognize the primary and natural character of dialogic speech in comparison with monologic speech. Since dialogues characterize the communication behavior in the interview text, which is considered a journalistic genre, it is natural for gender stereotypes to be activated in the text. In this sense, the influence of biological and social factors in the emergence of antrocentrism in language cannot be denied, despite the fact that both of them influence the emergence and formation of gender stereotypes, social factors play an important role. By identifying gender stereotypes in the language based on interview discourse materials, theoretical points can be proved. Based on different points of view in linguistics, gender can be defined as a concept or a cognitive phenomenon that is manifested in language tools and the characteristics of the speech activity of people belonging to a certain gender.
Keywords: interview, information, discourse, linguistic units, metaphor, oral speech, written speech
LINGUOCULTURAL CODES AND ITS TYPES IN UZBEK LANGUAGE
Full text linkThe article discusses the formation of linguocultural codes in linguistics and their study. In the study of the stable units of the Uzbek language from the linguistic and cultural point of view, the national-cultural semantics of the stable units expressing the same characteristic at the linguistic level was defined. Besides it, the role of the linguistic and cultural codes that encompass the national culture of the nation and serve to define and reflect the perception of this nation in the linguistic landscape of the world is determined. Also, brief thoughts about the types of linguistic and cultural codes and their definitions are given
THE ESTABLISHMENT OF QUALITY STANDARDS AND TRADE RELATIONS AMONG THE EU, THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA AND KOSOVO FOR THE YEARS 2018, 2019, AND 2020
Full text linkPeople trust and are happy with a business when its products and services are good. It is highly important for the quality management system to work well in every part of a company, from the top levels of management to the lowest levels of operations. Every person, no matter where they live, has the right to get safe, high-quality goods. Because of this, businesses have a duty to help their customers by using a long-term strategy to improve and follow international standards. This will make sure that the items they sell meet the requirements set by those standards. This study looks at how quality standards have changed and how they have affected commerce between the European Union, the Republic of North Macedonia, and Kosovo from 2018 to 2020. The goal is to find the best ways to harmonize technology and encourage people to use international processes for quality assurance by looking at statistical data and applied standards. There is a lot of competition in the European market, and companies sell a lot of the same products. They also run big marketing efforts. In this case, there is a direct and two-way link between quality standards and trade success. For any modern society to work well, it is important to make sure that results are dependable and long-lasting
MOTHER TERESA: THE SAINT AND HER NATION
No full text‘Nënë Tereza: Shenjtorja dhe Kombi i Saj’Monografia ‘Nënë Tereza: Shenjtorja dhe Kombi i Saj’ është studimi më i fundit i Gëzim Alpion për figurën dhe personalitetin e humanistes së madhe shqiptare. Alpion është një ndër studiuesit dhe autorët më të shquar anglisht-shkrues të kohës sonë, që merret me sociologji dhe me historinë e zhvillime shqiptare, dhe ndër autorët më të besueshëm të përshkrimit të historisë rreth Nënë Terezës, murgeshës së famshme, që u bë e njohur me kontributin e saj humanitar. Besueshmëria e Alpion vjen nga fakti se ai bazohet në burime të ndryshme, ku deduktimi i të dhënave që ai merr, bëhet nga një filtër sociologjik e historik, dhe jo fetar, duke e ngritur figurën e Nënë Terezës në një nivel diskutimi akademik. Ky ishte misioni i tij edhe në këtë monografi.Fjalë kyçe: Nënë Tereza, humanizëm, shenjtore, shqiptarët, Vatikani, etj
AFFIXATION AS WORD FORMATION PROCESS IN ENGLISH CONTRASTIVE WITH ALBANIAN
Full text linkLearning a new language sometimes is fun but sometimes it becomes a real challenge. Grammatical rules play an important role in learning a foreign language. If people lack knowledge about the grammatical part that a language possesses, they will never be capable to communicate or write in that language without making grammar mistakes and that’s a serious issue! The main aim discussed in this study is a detailed analysis of the affixation as a word formation process in English and Albanian language as well. Grammar is one of the most important parts in every language of the world. Through grammar there is cohesion and coherence in sentences and texts. Each language has its own characteristics that make that language unique. The methodology of this study is mostly comparative and descriptive where similarities and differences about affixation as a word formation process in both languages are highlighted and all the features are clarified in a simple way by definitions and examples for each.Keywords: Affixation, English language, Albanian language, contrastive analysis, features, similarities, differences
COMPOUNDING AS WORD FORMATION PROCESS IN ENGLISH CONTRASTIVE WITH ALBANIAN
Full text linkThe aim of this study was to scrutinize the formation of words according to the compounding process, by considering the similarities and differences between two languages. This contrastive research is focused on compounding as a word formation process from two different language perspectives: English and Albanian. We all know that words are meaningful units that have a function in spoken and written language. Related to the language usage, each human being have a mental lexicon which is “a person’s internalized knowledge of the properties of words” (Al-Dala`ien, Mudhsh, & Al-Takhayinh, 2015, p.1). But we also have a set of word formation rules which allows us to create new words and understand them. Compounding is the most usable word formation process after affixation in the perspective of Albanian and English language. When contrasting the compounding between two languages, there are visibly more similarities than differences. As a word formation process, compound words in written form are similarly structures, despite the combination of grammar functions. In written form two of the language have closed and hyphenated forms, whereas open form is the contrast part of the Albanian compounding compared with the English one. Also the numbers of hyphenated compound word in English are visibly higher than in Albanian language. Finally, mentioning the stress of the compound words, in English there are cases when the stress may occur at the beginning, middle, or at the end of the compound word, based on the combination of grammatical structures. However, in Albanian language stress of compound words occurs usually at the end. In a nutshell, this study reflects the similarities and differences of compounding as word formation process including structure, spelling, and stress, spoken, and written forms from the English and Albanian language perspectives.Keywords: word formation, compounding, English compound words, Albanian compound words, types of compound words, spelling, stress
THE ROLE OF VISUALIZATION IN UNDERSTANDING DATA
Full text linkThe act of transforming data into a visual representation, such as a map or graph, to make it easier for the human brain to interpret and derive meaning from it is known as data visualization. The primary purpose of data visualization is to assist in the detection of patterns, trends, and outliers in large data sets. The terms “information graphics” and “statistical graphics” are commonly used interchangeably. Data visualization is a process in the field of data science that involves displaying data after it has been collected, processed, and modeled. The Data Presentation Architecture (DPA) discipline aims to search, locate, alter, prepare, and transport data in the most efficient way feasible.Keywords: data, visualization, information, visualization tools, customer