Anglisticum - Journal of the Association for Anglo-American Studies, Macedonia
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COLLECTION OF MACEDONIAN FOLK TALES "THE SUN’S SISTER" IN AN INTERCULTURAL CONTEXT
Full text linkThe collection of twenty-two Macedonian folktales translated into Slovenian was a part of a student project in 2006 under a meaningful title The Sun’s Sister. The collection includes the following tales (in alphabetical order): About sons and money, Goodness for goodness, Logger who understood the language of animals, Mara the Cinderella, Shepherd and three fairies, Sun’s sister, The apple and two wives, The lost empress, The mole is a priest’s son, The three commandments that the father gave to his son, Three sisters, Three weavers, Tower of human heads, Three Fates and a child, Emperor and three sons, Emperor with three sons and three apples, Emperors daughter and drum, The Emperor’s daughter who refused to marry, The snake that was ungrateful to the shepherd and the shepherd who was ungrateful to the fox, Wisdom and happiness, Young man who wanted to learn about woman cunning, and The wolf. The collection represents an important contribution to the reception of Macedonian literature in Slovenia.Keywords: The Sun’s Sister, ATU 311, Hans Jorg er, Max Lüthi, Jack Zipes, interculturality
INDIA IS A SPIRITUAL LEADER: MYTH OR REALITY
Full text linkThere is a buzzword in the world about India’s being a spiritual leader. The patriot classical Hindu protagonists are advocating vehemently for (re)establishing its old and golden image to the people, especially the students and youths in this vast country and the world as a whole. India just completed the celebration of Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsab (Nectar Festival of Freedom) by commemorating its 75th year of Independence (from 1947 to 2022). India, henceforth, decided to celebrate the next twenty-five years as the “Amrit Kaal” i.e., golden period (from 2022-2047). During this quarter century, the vision of India is to achieve a technology-driven and knowledge-based economy, reminisce with respect to the Indian struggle for independence and the sacrifice of the freedom fighters, and promote India’s heritage, culture, literature, and language. When the government of India upholds and prioritizes the promotion of its age-old tradition, culture, language, spirituality, and philosophy, a critical group of scholars and thinkers put up multiple problems and crises facing India in the present time. Therefore, a debate is going on regarding the issue of India’s role as a global leader as well as the spiritual master. The criticism and counter-arguments by scholars and social thinkers are neither wrong nor anti-national. This is the beauty and fine characteristic of modern Indian democracy, where every citizen enjoys the Right to Freedom of Speech and Expression, though with certain restrictions as enshrined in the Constitution. In the run of this debate, the Prime Minister and his team are determined to take India to such a height that every man on this earth can have a taste of its spiritual and philosophical honey juice. Now the question is - are Indian culture, heritage, philosophy, and spirituality so rich and exuberant? What are there in India’s philosophy, and spirituality, and the teachings of Indian sages and saints? Do they have created any impact ever upon the minds and activities of people anywhere in the world? Can India really show the path to the global leaders and general people to end war and conflicts, and bring forth peace and prosperity? This article seeks to examine all these questions and finally explores if the acclaim of India as a spiritual leader is appropriate or absurd.Keywords: India, spiritual leader, Indian philosophy, Indian scriptures, Amrit Kal, Indian yoga
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ARGON LASER IN PATIENTS WITH PERIPHERAL RETINAL BREAKS IN PREVENTING RETINAL DETACHMENT
Full text linkRetinal detachment is a risk to one's vision that occurs about 1 in 10,000 times. Prior to the 1920s, this disease was completely blinding. Restoration of retinal detachments has been much simpler over the past 50 years thanks to procedures like scleral buckling, pneumatic retinopexy, and vitrectomy. Rhegmatogenous, tractional, and exudative retinal detachments are the three types. When subretinal fluid accumulates between the retinal pigment epithelium and the neurosensory retina, retinal detachment occurs. During this phase, three things might occur. Breaking the retina is one way to let vitreous directly enter the subretinal region. This retinal detachment is rhegmatogenous. Rhegmatogenous retinal detachments are frequently brought on by trauma- or posterior vitreous-separated-induced retinal tears. The growth of membranes on the vitreous or retinal surface is a second mechanism.These membranes have the capacity to physically divide the retinal pigment epithelium from the neurosensory retina. A tractional retinal detachment is what this is. Proliferative retinopathy caused by sickle cell anemia, diabetes, or other conditions that neovascularize the retina can cause tractional retinal detachment. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy following trauma or surgery may also contribute to tractional retinal detachments. Fluid exuding from a mass lesion or an accumulation of subretinal fluid caused by inflammatory mediators are the third causes of retinal detachment. Serous or exudative retinal detachment is the term used to describe this mechanism. Sarcoidosis and choroidal neoplasms are two examples of inflammatory or exudative retinal disease processes that can cause serous detachments. Patients with aggressively spreading cancers, such as testicular cancer, may also have serous retinal detachments. A case study of a retinal detachment without a profilactive argon laser and a known peripheral retinal break is presented. The patient arrived at our clinic with symptoms of retinal detachment that had been present for two to three weeks, as well as peripheral retinal breaks that had been photographed eight months prior.Keywords: Retinal detachment; peripheral retinal breaks; rhegmatogenous; tractional; exudative; profilactive argon laser
SOME COMMENTS ON THE NOVELS OF KURBAN MUHAMMADRIZA
Full text linkThe article discusses the first book of the “Beruni” trilogy by Kurban Muhammadriza, the novel “Omonat tuhfa (Saved gift)”, the novel “Muxabbat olamining bulbuli (The nightingale of the world of love)” dedicated to the life and creative path of the artist Komiljon Otaniyozov. In this article, Kurban Muhammadriza’s artistically and ideologically deep work “Omonat tuhfa” calls to see the human race again and calls to look at the events in the world with a direct control will help. It is revealed that a hint of what actually lies at the root of the unrest that may exist in some parts of the world is embedded in the content of the work. It is researched that the main idea of the novel is to invite people to draw conclusions from the events of distant history, to invite them to the organization of great miracles. The fact that the novel “Muxabbat olamining bulbuli” is a work that includes ideas such as self-awareness, the importance of national culture and spirituality, the gradual (evolution) of personal development and the creation and development of art, which is a component of national culture, by truly geniuses, is the basis of this article.Keywords: Kurban Muhammadriza, novel, history, Homeland, patriotism, freedom, sacrifice, art, culture, self-preservation, personal development.
CONSENSUAL DEMOCRACY IN NORTH MACEDONIA, ACCORDING TO ARBËN XHAFERI
Full text linkIn this study, focused on the political thought of Arbën Xhaferi, this politician, diplomat and philosopher, known among Albanians and beyond, his views on solving inter-ethnic problems within multi-ethnic states, which can lead to possible conflicts, are discussed. The unresolved issue of not only the rights of minorities in many countries can become the cause of inter-ethnic conflicts, which has been proven in history, from the oldest to the most recent one. Considering all these possible social crises, which according to Xhaferi can be resolved through the good will of the two parties in conflict, as an intellectual, politician and as a party leader, he took this issue seriously, even in the form of his practical action and engagement in solving problems of this nature, by being one of the participants in the Ohrid Framework Agreement, whose primary goal was to end the 2001 conflict in Macedonia, which erupted just because of the non-applicability of the rights of a large portion of Macedonian citizens at the time, such as the Albanians. In the study, in addition to Xhaferi's views on the issue of consensual decision-making, we also talk about the views of other personalities related to the phenomenon of consensual resolution of conflicts, such as Max Weber, Kavanagh, Maurice, Lijphart and others.Keywords: politics, conflict, consensus, majoritarianism, over voting, equality, binational
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SLOVENIAN AND BULGARIAN FAIRY TALES
Full text linkThe article presents a comparative analysis of selected fairy tales from the Tipical Index of Slovene Folk Tales, 2015, by Monika Kropej Telban, and the collection of Bulgarian fairy tales by Ljudmil Dimitrov, entitled The Short tailed Rooster, 2018, which includes twenty-five fairy tales about animals. The method of literary analysis of Max Lüthi was used in the process.Keywords: ATU index; Hans Jörg Uther; Max Lüthi; Monika Kropej Telban; fairy tales; fairy tales about animals
WINSTON CHURCHILL AND EAST-WEST DETANTE - The efforts to end the Cold War, 1950-1953
Full text linkNikita Khrushchev said: “In fact, it was Winston Churchill’s idea to open a line of communication between the Western powers and the Soviet Union after Stalin’s death...” There is no doubt that Churchill should be remembered as the father of détente, as he deserves to be called the Warrior of the Cold War. As with many aspects of his life, Churchill’s attitude towards the Soviet Union and Communism has generated much debate. The same statesman who incited war against the Bolshevik regime in 1919, calling it ‘Bodies of unscrupulous monkeys’, or a ‘culture of infectious diseases’, also incited collaboration with Stalin in the 1930s. He spent the last years of his life in office calling for a meeting and summit to de-escalate Cold War tensions. Churchill’s idea of a summit was opposed by most Western governments. But despite strong objections from the State Department, the British Foreign Office, and many foreign ministers of Western governments, he tried to reach a modus vivendi with Moscow until the end of his career. His obsession with going down in history as ‘the greatest peacemaker’ remains admirable to this day, but his idea of a summit tended to divide the Western Allies and moreover Prime Minister Churchill lacked a policy clear to achieve his goal. Furthermore, the events of 1951-55 made a détente with Moscow impossible. Considering the events of these years, it is difficult to accept that Winston Churchill’s ideas for a summit with the Soviet Union would have improved East-West relations. However, the enthusiasm of this great statesman is to be admired, along with his desire to ease Cold War tensions, despite the opposition he faced and his poor health. In this study we will present Churchill’s obsession with détente, the views of the American government and the perspective of the British Cabinet, as well as the implications that Churchill’s ideas had on détente and his much-sought summit between the Western powers and the Soviet Union.Keywords: Churchill, detente, Stallin, Cold War, Iron Curtain, Conference, Peace
ADAPTATION AS A SOLID PRODUCTIVE TECHNIQUE IN TRANSLATION OF COMPLEX LITERARY TEXTS
Full text linkAdaptation as one of the most efficient techniques in translation seen from a general perspective has alwaysbeen a challenge to encounter with almost all those who practice this complex intellectual activity. In this regard, this paper aims to identify some crucial steeps to be undertaken during the translation process, all in order to see what is the scale this technique reaches, and which are the text transfer difficulties from SL to TT, impacting the overall message transfer from L1 to L2. The source samplings are translation products from 20 students at the English Language Department, at our home institution. The samplings are divided into two groups of ten translations each, which have been put under both qualitative and quantitative analysis, aiming to reveal factors, reasons and level of language mastery, as a crucial factor and cause, which impacts and puts under condition the overall adaptation scale to be used in the process. Text Quantum Transfer Interactions Typology (TQTIT), based primarily on using adaptation as a technique, will be revealed and defined. This analytical approach will result with quantitative percentage referring to adaptation, expressed in an explicit way. It will show a sharp cleavage between ST and TT consistency balance in terms of adaptation functionality, of the overall transferred message from one to the other language. This will be the final answer to the priory set hypothesis concerning translation based upon adaptation as a technique. And finally the answer will define and qualify the product as an “ad verbum”, rather than as an “adsensum” translation product.Keywords: Translation, adaptation, scale, factors, reasons
CORRELATION OF LIPOPROTEIN(a) AND CORONARY ARTERY DISEASES
Full text linkINTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) continue to be one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. While factors such as diabetes, sedentariness, psychostress, genetic predisposition, hypertension, smoking, and hyperlipidemia are well-known in the etiology of atherosclerosis (Ath) of coronary arteries. Recent studies have also identified high concentrations of lipoproteins (a) [Lp(a)] as a risk factor. In fact, high concentrations of Lp(a) above 30mg/dl (reference value-30mg/dl) have been found to be a risk factor for Ath, leading experts to develop medications aimed at reducing Lp(a) concentrations and preventing atherosclerotic manifestations. The European Atherosclerosis Society has also released clinical guidelines for testing and treating high concentrations of Lp(a) as part of the global assessment of cardiovascular risk.THE GOAL OF THE STUDY: The goal of this study is to investigate the concentration of Lp(a) in patients with coronary disease and its connection to the presentation of atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries in patients with CVD compared to a control group of healthy individuals. Through this study, we hope to gain a better understanding of the role of Lp(a) in CVD and its potential as a target for prevention and treatment. By identifying and addressing risk factors like high Lp(a) concentrations, we can work towards reducing the global burden of CVD and improving health outcomes for individuals around the world.THE AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study is to determine the concentration of lipoprotein(a) in patients with coronary disease, its connectivity and role in the presentation of atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries in patients with CVD compared to the control group of healthy individuals.MATERIAL AND METHODS: As working material, the blood taken from the vein of patients with coronary disease was used - N0=80, (with an identical average age of 55.70±6.00 years old, of which 35 were female while 45 were male. In the study, there was also a control group: N0=80 healthy volunteers (45 were male and 35 female) with the same age as the patients. Blood for analysis was taken at 8 o'clock in the morning, at room temperature of 19-24°C, every three months in a period of 12 months.Echocardiography and EKG were also performed on all the patients with Toshiba SSH-140A machine, color Doppler probe 3.7Hz, sectorial type, taking into account as key parameters the thickness of the back wall of the left ventricle and the thickness of-Left ventricular internal diameter end diastole (LVPVd) and interventricular septal end diastole (IVSd>12 mm). Together with the examination of Lp(a) concentrations, the lipid profile was also analyzed. The analyzes were done at the Clinical Laboratory Institute at the University Clinical Center of the Faculty of Medicine – Skopje, North Macedonia.STATISTICAL PROCESSING OF THE MATERIAL: From the statistical methods, arithmetic mean value, standard deviation X±SD were used. The comparative statistics of the lipid parameters between the analyzed groups were analyzed with students ‘t’ dependent and independent samples according to the Mann-Whitney U-test and Wilcoxon - test. The results of the lipid fractions will be shown tabularly (see table 3) with the statistical program SPSS V26.RESULTS: The obtained values of lipids (Col.Total, TG, HDL-ch, LDL-ch) and lipoprotein (a) in both groups are presented with mean values and standard deviation X-SD. Due to the fact that in the obtained results of Lp(a) in both sexes, in patients with coronary disease, we did not notice any significant difference, we will present them as common for both groups, with CVD with maximum values of 78.00-16,00 mg/dl while in the control group =15.20-4.30 mg/dl, with a statistically significant difference with p<0.000. The same difference was found from the obtained results of lipid concentrations between the two groups with p <0.0001 (as presented in the tables below).CONCLUSION: The results obtained in the paper proved that high concentrations of Lp(a) > 30 mg/dl are risk factors for the occurrence of Ath of the coronary arteries and that these patients are at a 5-8 times higher risk for the development of Ath of coronary arteries, compared to individuals with normal Lp(a) values, therefore the treatment of high concentrations of Lp(a) should be started at the beginning of their appearance. In conclusion, we can suggest that the adequate treatment of high Lp(a) concentrations and the balancing of the lipid profile can apparently affect the prevention of atherosclerotic processes of the coronary arteries, therefore we prefer that in individuals with a history of CAD and those with coronary disease, the examination of Lp(a) and lipid profile should be one of the initial examinations during the management of patients with CAD.Keywords: Lipoprotein (a), atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular Arterial Diseases (CAD), lipid profile
ASPECTS OF TRANSLATION COHESION STRENGTHENING IN COMPLEX NARRATIVE TEXTS
Full text linkThis paper aims to explain some of the aspects which strengthen and coordinate cohesion productivity in translation as one of the basic textuality standards which hold the translation text together, making it more comprehensive as well as intelligible to the reader. The research focus will be on twenty translated narrative texts of a medium textual complexity, which are product of students attending the course of translation with the home department. All twenty texts have been archived and are qualified as exam documents, thus used as a source of information for this research endeavor. The gathered database of translations will be analyticallyapproached using comparative method based upon cohesion evidence in each, aiming at the end to conduct a summative assessment of the percentage level strength in all translated texts. The analytical part will be dealing with detection of words of a wide range typology, which play the role of cohesive devices of a wide range, counting their efficiency in terms of the overall Texture Analyzer Observation i.e. Test, which finally come up with the overall Cohesion Functionality Percentage (CFP) at level of all twenty translations. The hypothesis aims to give an answer to the frequency evidence of these devices and their transfer from SL to TT. And finally, the qualitative descriptive conclusions, are supposed to create a clearer theoretical picture proving the fact that cohesion strengthening is a factor which preserves and sets rules of Semantic Consistency Balance (SCB) between the two languages in combination.Keywords: Translation, narrative, cohesive, devices, strengthen