Scientific Journals of Bogor Agricultural University
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Time Study Analysis on Rice Milling Process at Rice Milling Unit (RMU) “Teaching Industry” Unsoed
Get PDFRice is a major food crop in Indonesia that requires special attention in the milling process to ensure working time efficiency. This study aimed to identify the division of work elements in the rice milling process, determine the standard time used by operators, and provide recommendations for improving the work system in the Unsoed “Teaching Industry”. Data was collected by measuring the time of each work element in the rice milling process using a stopwatch. The work elements were divided into two groups: rice milling and rice packaging elements. The analysis methods included data adequacy and uniformity tests, as well as calculations of the normal time and standard time. The results of the analysis showed that the standard time for the rice milling process was 5,920.55 seconds per 100 kg of rice, while the standard time for the rice packaging process reached 27,549.81 seconds per 100 kg of rice. The time required was still relatively long compared to previous studies; therefore, several improvements were recommended, including eliminating unnecessary work elements, thoroughly maintaining the tools in the RMU, and placing a bucket in the outlet hole when changing sacks to reduce the time to collect scattered rice. In addition, the elements of rice sorting can be eliminated in the rice packaging process. Other recommendations include improving the working environment by encouraging workers to wear masks during rice milling.Rice is a major food crop in Indonesia that requires special attention in the milling process to ensure efficiency of working time. This study aims to identify the division of work elements in the rice milling process, determine the standard time used by operators, and provide recommendations for improving the work system in the Unsoed “Teaching Industry”. Research data were collected by measuring the time of each work element in the rice milling process using a stopwatch. The work elements are divided into two groups: rice milling elements and rice packaging elements. The analysis methods used include data adequacy and uniformity tests as well as calculations of standard time and normal time. The results of the analysis show that the standard time for the rice milling process is 5,920.55 seconds per 100 kg of rice, while the standard time for the rice packaging process reaches 27,549.81 seconds per 100 kg of rice. The time required is still relatively long compared to previous studies, so several improvements are recommended, including eliminating unnecessary work elements, carrying out thorough maintenance of the tools in the RMU, and placing a bucket in the outlet hole when changing sacks to reduce the time to collect scattered rice. In addition, in the rice packaging process, the element of rice sorting can be eliminated. Other recommendations include improving the working environment by encouraging workers to wear masks during the rice milling process
Improvement of cured vanilla pod qualities (Vanilla Planifolia A.) with a combination of advanced sweating and drying methods”.
Get PDFBuah vanili kering merupakan bahan pangan yang digunakan sebagai pemberi rasa dan aroma pada berbagai makanan seperti es krim, kue kering, dan sirup. Buah vanili kering dihasilkan petani melalui proses pasca panen yang panjang meliputi pemanenan, pelayuan, pemeraman dan pengeringan dengan mutu yang bervariasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari kombinasi metode pemeraman lanjut dan pengeringan untuk meningkatkan mutu buah vanili kering dan mempersingkat waktu pengeringan. Sebanyak 33 kg buah vanili dipanen, dilakukan proses pelayuan dengan cara direndam dalam air panas bersuhu 60-65°C selama 2 menit, dilanjutkan dengan proses pemeraman selama 48 jam. Setelah itu, buah vanili diberi perlakuan tiga waktu pemeraman lanjutan (4,6, dan 8 hari) dan dua metode pengeringan (pengering efek rumah kaca dan pengering tipe rak). Proses ini berlanjut hingga kadar air mencapai 30-35%. Pengukuran fisika-kimia dan uji organoleptik dilakukan untuk memantau perubahan kualitas buah vanili selama perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan pemeraman lanjutan selama 4 hari, 6 hari, dan 8 hari pada proses pengeringan berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar air, warna, dan kadar vanilin buah vanili kering. Buah vanila yang diberi perlakuan pemeraman lanjutan selama 8 hari dengan pengering tipe rak menghasilkan kualitas buah vanila kering terbaik dengan waktu pengeringan yang lebih singkat yaitu 8 hari, dibandingkan dengan pengeringan tradisional 20 hari dan pengering efek rumah kaca 10 hari untuk mencapai kadar air 35%.Cured vanilla pods are raw food materials that are used as flavor and aroma agents in various foods, such as ice cream, cookies, and syrup. Cured vanilla pods are produced by farmers through long post-harvest handling, including harvesting, withering, sweating, and drying, with high variation in quality. This research aims to study the combination of advanced sweating and drying methods to improve the quality of cured vanilla pods and shorten the drying time. Approximately 33 kg of harvested vanilla pods was subjected to a withering process by soaking in hot water at a temperature of 60-65°C for 2 min, followed by a sweating process for 48 h. Subsequently, the vanilla pods were treated with three duration times of advanced sweating (4,6, and 8 days) and two drying methods (greenhouse effect/GHE solar dryer and tray dryer). These processes were continued until the water content reached 30-35%. Physicochemical measurements and organoleptic tests were carried out to monitor the quality change of the vanilla pods during the treatments. The results showed that adding advanced sweating for 4, 6, and 8 days in the drying process significantly affected the water content, color, and vanillin content of cured vanilla pods. Vanilla pods treated with advanced sweating for 8 days in the tray dryer method produced the best quality cured vanilla pods with a shorter drying time of 8 days, compared with traditional drying for 20 days and the GHE solar dryer for 10 days to reach the desired water content (35%)
Utilization of Greenhouse Solar Dryer For Curing Process of Sweet Potato
Get PDFUbi jalar (Ipomoea batatas L.) cv Cilembu merupakan komoditas ekspor yang mempunyai nilai ekonomi tinggi., namun sekitar 50% hasil panen ubi Cilembu tidak memenuhi kualitas ekspor. Salah satu penanganan pasca panen yang biasa dilakukan petani adalah proses curing. Suhu dan RH merupakan faktor lingkungan yang sangat berpengaruh dalam proses curing. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan metode pengendalian dan melakukan uji kinerja suhu dan RH pada greenhouse solar dryer sesuai dengan kebutuhan proses curing, menganalisis pengaruh suhu, RH dan lama curing terhadap mutu ubi jalar. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental dengan perlakuan yaitu suhu, RH, lama waktu curing dan kontrol (tanpa proses curing). Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap faktorial dengan tiga faktor yaitu suhu (30°C dan 35°C), RH (80% dan 90%) dan lama curing (3 hari dan 5 hari). Parameter mutu yang diamati adalah kerusakan fisik, warna kulit, tekstur, kadar air dan total padatan terlarut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa alat yang dirancang mampu mengatur suhu dan RH sesuai kebutuhan proses curing pada grenhouse solar dryer selama 24 jam. Selama masa penyimpanan, perlakuan dengan proses curing dapat meningkatkan nilai total padatan terlarut jika dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Proses curing dengan perlakuan suhu 30°C (T1), kelembaban 90% (H2) dan 3 hari curing (D3) dapat menjaga mutu ubi jalar selama penyimpanan.Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Cilembu is an export commodity with a high economic value. However, approximately 50% of Cilembu sweet potato harvests do not meet export quality. One of the reasons was uncontrolled curing process. Temperature and Relative Humidity (RH) are environmental factors that significantly influence the curing process. The purpose of this study was to develop a control method and conduct a temperature and RH performance test in a drying house in accordance with the needs of the curing process, and to analyze the effects of temperature, RH, and curing time on the quality of sweet potatoes. The study was conducted experimentally in three stages: tool performance testing, preliminary research, and main research. The experimental design used was a completely randomized factorial design with three factors: temperature (30°C and 35°C), RH (80% and 90%), and curing time (3 days and 5 days). The quality parameters observed were physical damage, skin color, texture, water content, and Total soluble solids. The results of the study showed that the drying house with additional controllers connected to the thermostat and hygrostat was able to control the temperature and RH in the drying house according to the needs of the curing process in the drying house for 24 h. During the storage period, treatment with the curing process increased the Total Soluble Solids value when compared to the control. The curing process at a temperature of 30°C (T1), humidity of 90% (H2), and curing period of 3 days (D3) was able to maintain the quality of sweet potatoes during storage
Software Development of Palm Oil Seed Authentication System Based on Ultrasonic Waves
No full textFake palm oil seeds pose a substantial economic threat, which makes their authentication crucial. However, distinguishing between genuine and fake seeds remains a challenge. This study explored the potential of ultrasonic technology to measure shell thickness as a distinguishing factor based on the reported variations between the two types. Ultrasonic wave measurement software was developed using Arduino Uno to facilitate the analysis. The results highlight the complexity of accurately measuring the seed shell thickness owing to high attenuation. Micro-CT imaging confirmed the presence of pores within the seed structure, which significantly scattered and absorbed ultrasonic waves, limiting the penetration depth and accuracy. Despite these obstacles, the developed software exhibited promising capabilities, accurately determining the thickness or propagation speed with a high-resolution time-of-flight measurement of up to 62.5 nanoseconds. Additionally, the software is capable of sampling ultrasonic signals at frequencies up to 178 kHz. Although the software performs well under specific conditions, further advancements in ultrasonic technology are necessary to mitigate porosity-related limitations and enhance the effectiveness of seed authentication methods, particularly in transducer selection and measurement techniques such as Harmonic or QSC testing
ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS AND COASTAL ECOTOURISM POTENTIAL OF AMBON BAY: PARAMETER LINGKUNGAN DAN POTENSI EKOWISATA PANTAI TELUK AMBON
Get PDFAmbon Bay is one of the waters in Maluku Province that has the potential for ecotourism, but the quality of the waters needs to be considered because over time it changes and experiences changes to the point of coastal damage from various natural events and human activities, especially on Wayame Village Beach, Galala Village Beach, and Passo Village Beach. This study aimed to determine the environmental parameters of Ambon Bay waters as an ecotourism area. This study measured salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, and changes in the coastline using Sentinel 2 Imagery. The results of the study showed that the three locations had DO values of 2.8 mg/L, 3.1 mg/L, and 1.4 mg/L; salinity at 32 ppt, 34 ppt, and 33 ppt; pH ranging from 7.6 to 8.6; and temperatures ranging from 27°C to 29°C, and within a period of 4 years (2018-2022) there have been changes in the coastline. The results of the inventory found several tourist areas that can be revitalized and developed to help the economy of coastal communities. This research can be a reference for village communities and the government in making regulations and activities to prevent damage and handle it appropriately.Teluk Ambon adalah salah satu perairan di Provinsi Maluku yang berpotensi sebagai kawasan ekowisata, namun perlu diperhatikan kualitas perairannya karena seiring berjalannya waktu berubah dan mengalami perubahan sampai pada kerusakan pantai dari berbagai kejadian alam dan aktivitas manusia khususnya pada Pantai Desa Wayame, Pantai Desa Galala, dan Pantai Desa Passo Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui parameter lingkungan perairan Teluk Ambon sebagai kawasan ekowisata. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengukur salinitas, pH, oksigen terlarut, suhu dan perubahan garis pantai menggunakan Citra Sentinel 2. Hasil penelitian menunjukan pada ketiga lokasi memiliki nilai DO yaitu 2,8 mg/L, 3,1 mg/L dan 1,4 mg/L, salinitas pada 32 ppt, 34 ppt, dan 33 ppt pH berkisar 7,6-8,6, dan suhu berkisar 27°C-29°C dan dalam kurun waktu 4 tahun (2018-2022) sudah mengalami perubahan garis pantai. Hasil inventarisasi ditemukan beberapa kawasan wisata yang dapat diperbaharui serta dikembangkan untuk membantu ekonomi masyarakat pesisir pantai. Penelitian ini dapat menjadi acuan bagi masyarakat desa, pemerintah dalam membuat regulasi, dan kegiatan pencegahan kerusakan maupun penanggulangan secara tepat
Product and Institutional Development of Gambier Agricultural Markets in Rural Indonesia: A Case Study of Nagari Pangkalan, Sumatra Barat Province
Get PDFGambier is a speciality agricultural product in Sumatra Barat Province, Indonesia. Gambier farming has improved the community economy and rural development. The problem is that the gambier products produced are still raw materials, the quality is low, and the market for gambier is not perfect. So far, there have been no real solutions and policies from stakeholders to overcome these problems. This study aims to find solutions in product development and institutional improvement of the gambier market. This research uses a qualitative method. The case study is in Nagari Pangkalan, one of the centres of gambier farming in Sumatra Barat. The results showed that it is important to develop gambier products in the form of catechins and tannins in Nagari Pangkalan. The high price of catechins and tannins can increase farmers\u27 income. It is necessary to build a gambier agribusiness centre by involving farmer groups, cooperatives and the government in Nagari Pangkalan. The Gambier Agribusiness Centre will reduce the dominance of gatherers and increase the role of cooperatives in the gambier market. The government designs regulations related to gambier exports by involving cooperatives. The export of gambier through cooperatives will shorten the marketing flow of gambier and benefit gambier farmers more. A gambier market that benefits farmers will indirectly help the economy and rural development
The Use of Artificial Neural Networks to Estimate Reference Evapotranspiration
Get PDFEvapotranspiration is defined as the loss of water from soil and vegetation to the atmosphere, driven by weather conditions. It reduces the availability of water for agricultural purposes, which affects the amount of irrigation water, particularly during the dry season. The objective of this paper is to present a comparative analysis of the estimated reference evapotranspiration value based on artificial neural networks (ANN) with backpropagation bias 1 (BP-1) and backpropagation bias 0 (BP-0) architectures. The model was fed with data of air temperature, relative humidity, and solar radiation. The model is utilized to calculate the evapotranspiration using the Hargreaves method as the training data. The performance of ANN model was evaluated using the mean square error (MSE), root mean square error (RMSE), and coefficient determination (R2). Our results showed that both ANN models performed well as indicated by low error (MSE < 0.01) and high R2 (>0.99). Also, we found that air temperature and relative humidity determine the optimal prediction. Further, this proposed model can serve as a reference for other models seeking to determine the most appropriate computational model for evapotranspiration value estimation
Contribution of Small Rainwater Reservoirs to Performance Off-season Vegetable Farming
Get PDFClimate Smart Agriculture (CSA) has become essential in ensuring sustainable agricultural production amidst ongoing climate change. This study aims to analyze the impact of small rainwater reservoirs (SRRs) on the performance of off-season vegetable farming in Netpala Village, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. The SRRs, constructed using plastic tarpaulin with storage capacities of 3.6 m³ and 4.3 m³, were applied to support the cultivation of mustard greens, Chinese cabbage, cabbage, carrots, and eggplant during the December 2017 to April 2018 growing season. An on-farm research (OFR) approach was used to assess the effects of SRR implementation compared to traditional water management practices. Key performance indicators include cultivated land area, planting index, crop diversification, and farmer income. Results revealed that SRRs expanded the cultivated area by 21.07%, increased the planting index by 0.52 for mustard greens and 0.64 for cabbage, and boosted farmer income by 29.38%. Income levels were also influenced by factors such as market absorption, commodity prices, and land availability. These findings demonstrate that SRRs can enhance the resilience and productivity of smallholder vegetable farming systems by improving water availability during the rainy or off-season. SRRs offer a practical and scalable solution to address water scarcity and promote sustainable intensification in vulnerable agricultural regions
Bias Correction of CMIP6 Models for Assessment of Wet and Dry Conditions Over Sumatra
Get PDFThe performance of CMIP6 models in capturing local and regional precipitation patterns often requires refinement due to inherent biases. This study evaluates eleven CMIP6 models for their applicability over Sumatra Island and applies two bias correction methods namely Linear Scaling (LS) and Quantile Delta Mapping (QDM). We used ERA5 precipitation datasets as a reference bias correction during 1981-2014. The performance was assessed using MAE, correlation, and PBIAS. Results reveals that raw model of CMIP6 generally underestimate precipitation, particularly during the DJF and SON seasons, with the largest errors over the mountainous western Sumatra. LS tends to overcorrect and shift precipitation estimates toward a wetter bias, while QDM significantly improves the accuracy and seasonal consistency of the simulations. The multi-model ensemble mean (CMIP6-avg) outperforms individual models, and its performance is further enhanced with QDM, yielding higher correlation and lower error metrics. Spatial and seasonal analyses demonstrate that QDM more effectively reduces both dry and wet biases, especially during peak rainfall seasons. These findings underscore the importance of robust bias correction techniques to improve climate projections for hydrological and climate impact studies in Sumatra and other tropical regions with complex terrain
Analisis Harga Saham Pada Perusahaan Siklis dan Non-Siklis Akibat Konflik Israel-Palestina (Studi Empiris)
Get PDFThe conflict between Palestine and Israel has a long and complex history that has persisted for over half a century without resolution. This conflict escalated again with an attack by Israel on October 7, 2023, causing significant casualties and damage in Gaza. This study aims to analyze the impact of the Israel-Palestine conflict on the stock prices of cyclical and non-cyclical companies. The variables in this study are the stock prices of cyclical companies (McDonald\u27s and Starbucks) and non-cyclical companies (Unilever and Nestlé). The research was conducted on companies listed on the S&P Dow Jones. The data analysis methods used include descriptive tests, normality tests, homogeneity tests, Friedman tests, and Kruskal-Wallis tests using SPSS version 23. The results of the study indicate significant changes in the stock prices of cyclical and non-cyclical companies during the conflict. McDonald\u27s and Starbucks experienced significant stock price declines, while Unilever and Nestlé showed greater stability. This research provides insights for investors and financial analysts in managing portfolios during periods of geopolitical uncertainty