Scientific Journals of Bogor Agricultural University
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Dampak penambahan kromium, zink, dan minyak ikan lemuru terhadap saluran pencernaan dan organ dalam ayam IPB D1
No full textThe increasing demand for chicken meat in Indonesia has encouraged the development of superior localchickens such as IPB D1, which have the ability to utilize local feed and exhibit rapid growth. Thisstudy aimed to determine the role of zinc, chromium, and lemuru oil supplementation on the digestivesystem development and internal organs functionality of IPB D1 chickens. A total of 100 twelve-weekold IPB D1 chickens were assigned to four treatment groups: control (P0), feed supplemented withzinc and chromium (P1), feed supplemented with lemuru oil (P2), and feed supplemented with zinc,chromium, and lemuru oil (P3). A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was applied, and significantdifferences were analyzed using Tukey’s post hoc test. The findings revealed no significant impact ofsupplementation on the relative length of the digestive tract. Nonetheless, a significant increase in thepercentage of gallbladder weight was observed in the P3 group (0.09%–0.13%). In contrast, the heartweight percentage was significantly reduced compared to the control group (0.48%–0.58%). Theseresults indicate that combined supplementation of zinc, chromium, and lemuru oil may modulate lipidmetabolism and cardiovascular function in IPB D1 chickens. Further investigations are required toestablish optimal dosages and assess the long-term implications on the performance of IPB D1 chickens
Enhancing pregnancy rates in Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) through prostaglandin F₂α–based estrus synchronization
Get PDFPenelitian ini mengevaluasi efektivitas sinkronisasi estrus menggunakan prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) pada sapi Bali dan menilai hasil kehamilan setelah perlakuan awal dan resinkronisasi selanjutnya. Sepuluh sapi Bali menerima dua suntikan PGF2α, diberikan dengan jarak 11 hari, sesuai rekomendasi standar. Hewan yang menunjukkan estrus diinseminasi buatan, dan diagnosis kehamilan dilakukan 30–45 hari setelah inseminasi menggunakan ultrasonografi. Sapi yang gagal hamil selama siklus pertama menjalani protokol resinkronisasi dua minggu kemudian. Protokol sinkronisasi menghasilkan respons estrus 100%, dengan tingkat kehamilan awal 40% (4 sapi). Resinkronisasi enam sapi yang tidak hamil menghasilkan dua kehamilan tambahan (33,3%), sehingga menghasilkan tingkat kehamilan keseluruhan 60%. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa PGF2α efektif dalam mengatur siklus estrus dan meningkatkan efisiensi reproduksi sapi Bali, terutama bila diintegrasikan dengan strategi resinkronisasi.This study evaluated the effectiveness of estrus synchronization using prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) in Bali cattle and assessed the pregnancy outcomes following the initial treatment and subsequent resynchronization. Ten Bali cattle received two PGF2α injections, administered 11 days apart, following standard recommendations. Animals exhibiting estrus were artificially inseminated, and pregnancy diagnosis was performed 30–45 days post-insemination using ultrasonography. Cattle that failed to conceive during the first cycle underwent a resynchronization protocol two weeks later. The synchronization protocol produced a 100% estrus response, with an initial pregnancy rate of 40% (4 cattle). Resynchronization of the six non-pregnant cattle yielded two additional pregnancies (33.3%), resulting in an overall pregnancy rate of 60%. These findings demonstrate that PGF2α is effective in regulating the estrus cycle and enhancing the reproductive efficiency of Bali cattle, particularly when integrated with a resynchronization strategy
Bacterial Community in Apis cerana and Heterotrigona itama Honey Using a Metabarcoding Approach
Get PDFHoney is a healthy, natural product with high nutritional value that is converted from sugar in nectar by bacteria in the honey stomach of the bees. Several beneficial bacteria in honey produce bioactive compounds, such as Lactobacillus in Apis mellifera honey, which synthesizes lactic acid, bacteriocins, and enzymes. Here, we employed the metabarcoding technique using the 16S rRNA gene to identify the bacterial community in honey from A. cerana and Heterotrigona itama collected in Sukabumi Regency, West Java, Indonesia. Genomic DNA from both honey samples was isolated using the ZymoBIOMICSTM DNA miniprep kit before sequencing with the Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) platform. Our studies showed that the most dominant bacteria in the honey of A. cerana and H. itama were Paenibacillus glucanolyticus and Limosilactobacillus, respectively. In both types of honey, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were also detected, as well as lactic acid bacteria, including Acetilactobacillus jinshanensis and Limosilactobacillus. We also found Actinobacteria in A. cerana and H. itama honey. This genomic data showed that A. cerana honey has a higher bacterial diversity than H. itama. Our finding is the first genomic study of bacterial diversity found in the honey of A. cerana and H. itama that live sympatrically in a bee farm
Fortification of squid ink as a natural colorant on the acceptability of popping boba: Fortification of squid ink as a natural colorant on the acceptability of popping boba
No full textInk is a fishery by-product that has the potential to be utilized as a natural colorant due to its melanin and melanoprotein pigment content, which is nutritionally valuable. This study aimed to determine the optimal concentration of squid ink as a natural colorant in popping boba based on consumer preference levels and chemical composition, and to evaluate its economic value. The research employed an experimental method using a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of five squid ink concentrations (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%) with three replicates. The parameters observed included hedonic tests (appearance, aroma, texture, and taste), chemical analysis (moisture, ash, protein, fat, and carbohydrates), and economic value. The results showed that the addition of 2% squid ink produced the most preferred popping boba, with appearance, aroma, texture, and taste scores of 7.9, 6.8, 7.9, and 7.1, respectively. The best popping boba formulation had a moisture content of 70.52%, ash content of 0.14%, protein content of 0.04%, fat content of 0.02%, and carbohydrate content of 29.34%. Therefore, fortifying popping boba with 2% squid ink provides an appealing color while also enhancing its nutritional value.Tinta cumi merupakan limbah perikanan yang berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai pewarna alami karena mengandung pigmen melanin dan melanoprotein yang bernilai gizi tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan konsentrasi tinta cumi terbaik sebagai pewarna alami pada popping boba berdasarkan tingkat kesukaan konsumen, komposisi kimia, dan perhitungan nilai ekonomisnya. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri atas lima perlakuan konsentrasi tinta cumi (0; 0,5; 1; 1,5; dan 2%) dengan tiga ulangan. Parameter yang diamati meliputi uji hedonik (ketampakan, aroma, tekstur, dan rasa), analisis kimia (kadar air, abu, protein, lemak, dan karbohidrat), dan perhitungan nilai ekonomi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan tinta cumi 2% menghasilkan popping boba yang paling disukai, dengan nilai ketampakan 7,9; aroma 6,8; tekstur 7,9; dan rasa 7,1. Komposisi kimia popping boba terbaik memiliki kadar air 70,52%; abu 0,14%; protein 0,04%; lemak 0,02%; dan karbohidrat 29,34%. Dengan demikian, fortifikasi tinta cumi 2% memberikan warna menarik sekaligus meningkatkan nilai nutrisi produk popping boba
Karakteristik fisikokimia dan antibakteri losion pembersih tangan yang dibuat dari rumput laut cokelat (Scytosiphon lomentaria): Karakteristik fisikokimia dan antibakteri losion pembersih tangan yang dibuat dari rumput laut cokelat (Scytosiphon lomentaria)
No full textEffective hand hygiene remains essential for reducing the transmission of foodborne and contact pathogens in daily life and in food handling contexts. Scytosiphon lomentaria seaweed has antimicrobial activity that can be applied as a hand sanitizer. This study aimed to determine the best addition of S. lomentaria to hand sanitizers, based on microbial inhibition and its characteristics. Lotion consisted of four treatments: 0 (control), 20, 30, and 40% S. lomentaria. The results showed that S. lomentaria powder contained bioactive polyphenol compounds with a total phenolic content of 117.70±1.40 mg GAE / g dry weight and an IC50 value of 455 ± 3.4 ppm, while lotion with the addition of S. lomentaria contained polyphenols and saponins. The best treatment was shown by S. lomentaria 40% hand sanitizer lotion with E. coli inhibition of 6.30±0.64 mm, S. aureus 6.85±1.12 mm, hedonic test of color, texture and absorption with a level of like to very like, neutral pH, greenish white color, O/W emulsion type, high adhesive power, homogeneous, and easily absorbed by the skin. This study can serve as an alternative reference for making lotions that provide adequate and safe antimicrobial activity for routine hygiene before eating and food handling.Kebersihan tangan yang efektif penting untuk mengurangi penularan patogen penyebab penyakit bawaan makanan dan kontak dalam kehidupan sehari-hari serta konteks penanganan makanan. Rumput laut Scytosiphon lomentaria memiliki aktivitas antimikrob yang dapat diaplikasikan pada hand sanitizer. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan penambahan S. lomentaria terbaik pada hand sanitizer berdasarkan penghambatan mikrob, dan karakteristiknya. Perlakuan losion terdiri atas empat macam, yaitu 0 (kontrol), 20, 30, dan 40% S. lomentaria. Hasil menunjukkan serbuk S. lomentaria mengandung senyawa bioaktif polifenol dengan total fenolik 117,70 ±1,40 mg GAE/g berat kering dan nilai IC50 455±3,4 ppm, sedangkan losion dengan penambahan S. lomentaria mengandung polifenol dan saponin. Perlakuan terbaik ditunjukkan oleh losion pembersih tangan S. lomentaria 40% dengan daya hambat E. coli sebesar 6,30±0,64 mm, S. aureus 6,85±1,12 mm, uji hedonik warna, tekstur dan daya serap dengan tingkat suka sampai sangat suka, pH netral, warna putih kehijauan, tipe emulsi O/W, daya lekat tinggi, homogen, dan mudah diserap kulit. Penelitian ini dapat menjadi referensi alternatif dalam pembuatan losion yang memberikan aktivitas antimikrob yang memadai dan aman untuk kebersihan rutin sebelum makan dan penanganan makanan
Pertumbuhan Morganella morganii pada cakalang dengan kondisi penyimpanan berbeda dan deteksi histamin metode TLC: Pertumbuhan Morganella morganii pada cakalang dengan kondisi penyimpanan berbeda dan deteksi histamin metode TLC
No full textMorganella morganii, a strong histamine-producing bacterium (HPB), has been frequently detected in seafood, such as skipjack tuna. Temperature fluctuations and improper packaging have resulted in bacterial proliferation and histamine production. This study aimed to determine the effects of different packaging and temperature conditions on M. morganii growth and to examine histamine formation in skipjack tuna. A factorial design with two factors, namely packaging type (vacuum and non-vacuum) and storage temperature (4, 15, 30, and 40°C), was used in this study. The bacterial growth model over time was analyzed using DMFit software. Histamine production was analyzed using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) combined with ImageJ program visualization. The results indicated that different temperatures significantly affected the bacterial growth rate (p < 0.05). The application of vacuum packaging at 4 °C retarded histamine formation in skipjack tuna cubes. The highest growth rate (0.2652 log CFU-1h-1) was observed in samples under non-vacuum packaging stored at 40 °C. M. morganii. At 15 °C, a 3 to 4 log increase was observed, starting from 3.2 to 7.5 (vacuum packaging) and from 5.8 to 8.3 log CFU-1 mL-1 (non-vacuum packaging) at the end. Nevertheless, the production of histamine in vacuum-packed samples stored at 15°C after days 3 and 4 of incubation were 446 ppm and 443.5 ppm, respectively. These findings highlight the importance of proper packaging of skipjack tuna using a cold chain system during storage. This study also confirmed the potential application of TLC for the detection of histidine and histamine.Morganella morganii sebagai bakteri penghasil histamin yang kuat sering kali terdeteksi pada hasil perikanan, misalnya cakalang. Faktanya, fluktuasi suhu dan pengemasan yang buruk menyebabkan peningkatan pertumbuhan bakteri dan produksi histamin. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh kondisi pengemasan dan suhu terhadap pertumbuhan M. morganii dan menghitung pembentukan histamin pada daging cakalang. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan faktorial dengan dua faktor meliputi jenis kemasan (vakum dan non-vakum) dan suhu penyimpanan (4, 15, 30, dan 40°C). Model pertumbuhan bakteri dianalisis menggunakan program DMFit. Produksi histamin dianalisis menggunakan kromatografi lapis tipis (TLC) yang divisualisasikan dengan program ImageJ. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suhu berbeda secara signifikan memengaruhi laju pertumbuhan bakteri (p < 0,05). Pengemasan vakum dengan kombinasi penyimpanan suhu 4°C mampu menghambat pembentukan histamin pada daging cakalang. Laju pertumbuhan tertinggi (0,2652 log CFU-1h-1) diamati pada sampel dalam kemasan udara suhu penyimpanan 40°C. Pada suhu 15 °C, peningkatan jumlah bakteri sebesar 3 hingga 4 log ditunjukkan pada sampel kemasan vakum (3,2 –7,5 log CFU-1 mL-1) dan sampel kemasan udara (5,8 – 8,3 log CFU-1 mL-1). Namun, produksi histamin pada sampel vakum dengan penyimpanan suhu 15°C memiliki kadar histamin tinggi setelah 3 dan 4 hari penyimpanan dengan konsentrasi masing-masing sebesar 446 dan 443,5 ppm. Temuan ini menyoroti pentingnya kemasan yang sesuai pada cakalang perlu diaplikasikan bersama dengan sistem rantai dingin selama penyimpanan. Studi ini juga mengonfirmasi potensi aplikasi TLC untuk deteksi pembetukan histidine dan histamin
Aplikasi bakteriosin kasar berdasarkan nilai LC₅₀ untuk memperpanjang daya simpan udang putih: Aplikasi bakteriosin kasar berdasarkan nilai LC₅₀ untuk memperpanjang daya simpan udang putih
No full textFishery products, including white shrimp, are highly perishable due to microbial contamination during postharvest handling. To address this, natural preservatives, such as bacteriocins, which are antimicrobial compounds produced by bacteria, including those from fermented shrimp paste, are being explored. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity and preservative potential of three bacteriocin samples (TRS1, TRS2, and TRS3) using a 24-hour LC₅₀ test on Artemia sp. and antibacterial activity based on total plate count (TPC) in shrimp during storage. A completely randomized design (CRD) was used. Toxicity levels were assessed using probit analysis with log-linear regression to determine LC₅₀ values, and TPC was measured at 3-hour intervals over 24 h. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn’s post-hoc test. TRS1 exhibited the highest toxicity, with an LC₅₀ of 0.22 µL/mL, followed by TRS3 (2.48 µL/mL) and TRS2 (4.40 µL/mL). Despite its higher toxicity, TRS1, along with TRS2, effectively suppressed microbial growth in shrimp, maintaining TPC values below the Indonesian National Standard (5×10⁵ CFU/g) throughout 24 h. In contrast, TRS3 maintained TPC below the threshold only up to 12 h, with counts nearing control levels (8.0×10⁶ CFU/g) by 24 h. TRS1 and TRS2 treatments initially showed fluctuating TPC patterns, followed by a sharp decline, possibly due to delayed bacteriocin activation and microbial adaptation; however, the exact reason remains unclear. Overall, TRS1 and TRS2 exhibited strong potential as natural preservatives for extending the shelf life of fresh white shrimp by effectively controlling bacterial growth during storage.Produk perikanan, khususnya udang putih, mudah mengalami penurunan mutu akibat kontaminasi mikrob pascapanen sehingga diperlukan pengawet alami yang aman dan efektif. Bakteriosin merupakan senyawa antimikrob hasil metabolit bakteri yang berasal dari fermentasi terasi udang rebon dan berpotensi sebagai kandidat bioaktif. Penelitian ini menganalisis toksisitas bakteriosin melalui uji LC₅₀ pada Artemia sp. selama 24 jam, serta efektivitasnya menekan angka lempeng total (ALT) bakteri pada udang putih segar. Sampel bakteriosin (TRS1, TRS2, TRS3) diuji. Nilai LC₅₀ dihitung dengan analisis probit berbasis regresi linear logaritmik, sedangkan efektivitas dihitung dari pengamatan ALT selama 24 jam (interval 3 jam) dan dianalisis dengan uji Kruskal-Wallis dilanjutkan uji Dunn’s. Hasil menunjukkan TRS1 memiliki LC₅₀ terendah (0,22 µL/mL), diikuti TRS3 (2,48 µL/mL) dan TRS2 (4,40 µL/mL), menandakan TRS1 paling toksik terhadap Artemia sp. Dari sisi efektivitas, TRS1 dan TRS2 mampu mempertahankan ALT di bawah ambang SNI (5×10⁵ koloni/g) hingga jam ke-24. TRS3 hanya efektif hingga jam ke-12, lalu ALT meningkat mendekati kontrol (8,0×10⁶ koloni/g pada jam ke-24). Pola ALT TRS1 dan TRS2 berfluktuasi di awal sebelum menurun drastis, menunjukkan adaptasi mikrob dan aktivitas bakteriosin yang optimal setelah jam ke-6, hal ini disebabkan oleh aktivasi bakteriosin dan adapatasi mikrob, tetapi belum ada bukti kuat untuk menyatakannya. Kesimpulannya, TRS1 dan TRS2 memiliki potensi terbaik sebagai pengawet alami udang putih segar dengan kemampuan menekan pertumbuhan bakteri secara efektif selama penyimpanan
Mutu dan Profil Asam Lemak Minyak Kelapa dari Penggunaan Inokulum Tempe pada Tahap Ekstraksi
Get PDFCoconut oil is one of the popular vegetable oils and the product is made through physical, chemical, and enzymatic extraction of coconut flesh. In this study, coconut oil was obtained by physical and enzymatic procedure. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of physical extraction time (5, 10, and 15 min) and tempe inoculum concentration (1, 3, and 5% w/v) on the quality and fatty acid profiles of the coconut oil. Sample analyses included peroxide, free fatty acids, moisture, viscosity, total insoluble solids, and fatty acid profile of the selected sample. The results showed that both treatments showed a considerable impact on the quality of coconut oil. The extraction time of 15 min and a tempe inoculum concentration of 1% yielded the most desirable coconut oil, with peroxide levels of 1 meq/kg, free fatty acid levels of 0.12%, a moisture content of 16%, and a viscosity of 47.70 mPa.s. In terms of fatty acids, it contains 0.50% caproic acid, 8.42% caprylic acid, 7.53% decanoic acid, 39.01% lauric acid, 18.83% myristic acid, 10.70% palmitic acid, 11.99% oleic acid, 2.76% linoleic acid, 0.13% gondoic acid, and 0.14% pentadecanoic acid. Considering its components, it is found that they comply with the standard of SNI 2902-2011. Moreover, GC-MS data revealed the very first reported fatty acid in coconut oil, which is pentadecanoic acid. The lowest peroxide value was 1 mg ek/kg, obtained at extraction time of 15 min. With the presence of pentadecanoic acid and low peroxide value, the coconut oil is much more stable against oxidation, opening broader industrial uses including soap, detergent, cosmetics and other chemical products
ADAPTING INTERNET PARENTAL MEDIATION SURVEY: A PILOT STUDY: Adaptasi Survei Mediasi Orang Tua dalam Penggunaan Internet: Studi Awal
No full textAdaptation of the parental mediation tool see how parents mediate children\u27s internet for two main reasons, that culture can affect parenting and there is no measuring tool that looks at parenting that specifically looks at parental interactions with children\u27s internet use. This study aims to report the results of the adaptation of parental mediation tool from Global Kids Online (GKO). In order to adapt this measurement tool to Indonesian, a pilot study was carried out. The participants of this study were 112 parents of early adolescents. In carrying out the adaptation, International Test Commision (ITC) Guidelines of Translating and Adapting Tests are used where there is a process of translation, review, and testing of instruments. Translation process was carried out using the back-translation method by a professional translator, the review was carried out by five people and the measuring instrument trials were processed with CTT and CFA for five parental mediation strategies. CTT results with item discrimination, factor loading, and reliability tests using Cronbach\u27s alpha showed that with total of 42 items, two items were discarded. From CFA processing based on chi-square values, RMSEA, SRMR, CFI, and TLI, the adaptation of the measurement tools in this pilot study is fit and can be continued
Identification of Javan Hawk-Eagle (Nisaetus bartelsi) and Its Habitat on the Island of Bali
Get PDFThe Javan Hawk-Eagle (Nisaetus bartelsi), an endemic species of Java, has been occasionally observed in Bali, prompting the need for scientific verification due to its critical conservation status. This study aimed to confirm the presence of the Javan Hawk-Eagle in Bali and map its potential distribution based on habitat suitability using an integrated spatial-ecological approach. A probability distribution model was developed using logistic regression with NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), slope, and elevation as predictor variables. The resulting probability map was subsequently delineated using land cover, land use data, and information obtained directly from key informant interviews to produce a refined predicted suitable habitat patches map for the Javan hawk-eagle. To confirm its reliability, we conducted patch occupancy surveys to confirm the Javan Hawk-Eagles existence in patches that have historical occurrence of Javan Hawk-Eagle. Logistic regression modeling identified the Javan Hawk-Eagle\u27s potential distribution area of 1,069.4 km². Using this model and information from key informants, forest function maps, and land cover maps, 14 predicted habitat patches were delineated. Subsequent patch occupancy surveys confirmed three of these patches as actual habitats for the Javan Hawk-Eagle on Bali, namely West Bali Protected Forest, Batukaru and Batukahu Area, and Buyan-Tamblingan Lake Tourism Forest. These findings provide the first empirically validated confirmation of the Javan Hawk-Eagle’s presence in Bali, supported by direct photographed observations verified by experts, and delineate key habitat patches for future conservation planning