Scientific Journals of Bogor Agricultural University
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Catch, Effort and Distribution of Small Pelagic Fisheries in the Java Sea
No full textFisheries management area (FMA) 712 or the Java Sea is one of Indonesia\u27s most extensively exploited waters and is renowned forits productivity as a fishing ground. The dynamics of fish resource utilization in these waters are indicative of the high complexityof the extant fisheries system, with small pelagic fish resources having been subject to exploitation through various changes in geartechnology thus increasingly competitive fishing grounds. Therefore, there is a need data on current distribution and catch trend ofsmall pelagic fisheries in the Java Sea through the use of fishery dependent data as an integral part of sustainable fisheriesmanagement. The present study utilizes fishing logbook data to analyze the status of small pelagic fish resource utilization in theJava Sea. The study utilized fishing logbook data downloaded from the database application of the Fishing Logbook InformationSystem of the Indonesian Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, covering the period from 2018 to 2022. The subsequentprocessing of catch data was conducted using Microsoft Excel software, whereas the distribution of fishing areas was analyzed usingQGIS tools. The analysis revealed a tendency for a decline in the catch of small pelagic fisheries for the Indian Mackerel(Rastrelliger kanagurta), Short Mackerel (Rastrelliger brachysoma), Fringescale Sardinella (Sardinella fimbriata) and ShortfinScad (Decapterus macrosoma). Only Yellowstripe Scad (Selaroides leptolepis) showed an increased catch trend in that period. Itwas further observed that the fishing grounds of all fish species remained consistent on an annual basis. The Shortfin Scad fishinggrounds were found to be uniformly dispersed within FMA 712, exhibiting a tendency to congregate along the Java Sea border withBorneo waters. Short Mackerel have been observed to be frequent in fishing grounds of the eastern to western Java Sea. In contrast,Indian Mackerel have been noted to be more prevalent in the waters of South Borneo and the western Java Sea. The distribution ofYellowstripe Scad fishing grounds appears to be uniform within FMA 712. Fringescale Sardinella fishing grounds have beenidentified as being predominantly concentrated in the western Java Sea and in Borneo waters
Exploring the Genetic Landscape of Octopus cyanea: Connectivity and Population Structure in Northern Waters of Sumatra
Full text linkOctopus cyanea is an ecologically and economically important cephalopod with wide larval dispersal influenced by ocean currents. However, geographic isolation among island clusters in northern Sumatra may restrict gene flow and shape population structure. This study investigated the genetic diversity and connectivity of O. cyanea from five populations (Aceh Island, Weh Island, Banyak Island, Simeulue Island, and Nias Island) using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences. A total of 21 individuals were successfully amplified, yielding 651 bp fragments. Sequence analysis revealed 11 haplotypes across populations, with haplotype diversity (Hd) ranging from 0.285 in Banyak Island to 0.800 in Aceh Island, and nucleotide diversity (π) between 0.001 and 0.009. Pairwise genetic distances varied from 0.000 to 0.004, with the highest divergence observed between Simeulue Island and Nias Island (0.004), while Aceh Island and Weh Island showed no differentiation. AMOVA indicated that most genetic variation occurred within populations (68.74%), with an overall Fst of 0.315, suggesting low to moderate genetic structuring. The haplotype network demonstrated shared haplotypes among four populations, whereas Simeulue Island harbored unique haplotypes, indicating partial genetic isolation. These results highlight substantial genetic connectivity among O. cyanea populations in northern Sumatra, facilitated by larval dispersal via ocean currents, but also emphasize localized divergence in Simeulue Island. The findings provide critical baseline data for developing ecosystem-based fisheries management, supporting shared stock strategies while accounting for population-specific conservation needs
The Effect of Light Exposure Duration on the Oxidative Stability and Sensory Profile of Avocado (Persea americana)-Based Mayonnaise
Full text linkAvocado-based mayonnaise presents a novel formulation aimed at reducing the saturated fat content typically associated with conventional emulsified condiments. This investigation sought to delineate the impact of light exposure duration on the oxidative integrity and sensory parameters of mayonnaise derived from Persea americana. Employing a completely randomized design (CRD) comprising a single experimental factor—duration of light exposure (0, 24, 48, and 72 hours) each treatment was replicated thrice to ensure experimental reliability and statistical robustness. Analytical endpoints included moisture content, pH, peroxide value, free fatty acid (FFA) concentration, and sensory attributes (color and aroma). Statistical analyses involved ANOVA followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at a 5% significance threshold. The results revealed that prolonged exposure led to a statistically significant decline in sensory acceptance (color score: 6.07 to 3.47; aroma score: 6.20 to 3.67) and elevated oxidative markers including moisture content, peroxide value, and FFA. Among the tested conditions, treatments L1 and L2 preserved compositional and sensory quality within permissible SNI standards for FFA (<3%). The study underscores the necessity of light-protective packaging in mitigating oxidative degradation in avocado-based emulsions and emphasizes the relevance of optimizing environmental exposure parameters during storage and distribution of lipid-rich food emulsions.Mayones alpukat merupakan inovasi produk untuk menggantikan sebagian kandungan minyak dan lemak yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan lama penyinaran terhadap stabilitas oksidatif mayones alpukat serta perubahan karakteristik sensori mayones alpukat (Persea americana). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) satu faktor, yaitu perbedaan lama penyinaran pada mayones alpukat dengan tiga kali ulangan. Data dianalisis menggunakan Analisis Varian (ANOVA) dengan tingkat kepercayaan α = 0,05, dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan\u27s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) untuk mengetahui perbedaan antar perlakuan menggunakan aplikasi SPSS versi 2016.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyinaran memberikan perubahan sensori yang signifikan pada mayones alpukat, ditandai dengan penurunan nilai warna dari 6,07 (suka) menjadi 3,47 (tidak suka), aroma dari 6,20 (suka) menjadi 3,67 (netral), kadar air dari 67,52 menjadi 75,72, nilai asam lemak bebas dari 0,89 menjadi 6,80, dan angka peroksida dari 1,86 menjadi 7,43. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa penyinaran berpengaruh terhadap kerusakan yang terjadi pada produk mayones alpukat. Dari hasil penelitian, perlakuan terbaik diperoleh pada L1 (0 jam) dan L2 (24 jam) karena hasil uji pada setiap parameter untuk asam lemak bebas masih memenuhi standar maksimal SNI sebesar 3%
Production and business performance of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus rearing in recirculation system with different stocking densities
No full textThe increase in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) production reflects a rise in fish consumption among the community. The provision of sufficient fry for ongrowing must accompany such a production boost. One way to achieve this is through intensification by increasing the stocking density of tilapia larvae during the nursery phase. This study aimed to analyze production performance and the economics of tilapia larva nursery in a recirculation system under different stocking densities. The experiment was carried out over 42 days using a completely randomized design with stocking density treatments of 5, 10, and 15 larvae per liter, each with five replicates. Differences in stocking density had a significant effect on absolute length growth rate (AGRL), specific length growth rate (SGRL), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and productivity. The 15 fish/L treatment yielded higher LPMP, SGR, and productivity than the other treatments, while showing the lowest FCR. It was concluded that the best production performance and economic return in a recirculating tilapia larva nursery system were achieved at 15 fish/L, delivering an annual productivity of 106,112 fish/m³, a revenue-to-cost ratio of 1.54, and a payback period of 0.65 years.
Keywords: business analysis, fish tilapia, nursery, recirculation system, stocking density
Abstrak
Peningkatan produksi ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) merupakan gambaran peningkatan konsumsi ikan di masyarakat. Peningkatan produksi perlu diikuti dengan penyediaan benih yang mencukupi untuk pembesaran. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan intensifikasi melalui peningkatan padat tebar larva nila pada tahap pendederan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kinerja produksi dan usaha pendederan larva ikan nila pada sistem resirkulasi dengan padat tebar berbeda. Penelitian dilakukan selama 42 hari menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan perlakuan padat tebar larva ikan nila, yaitu 5, 10, dan 15 ekor/L dengan lima ulangan. Perlakuan perbedaan padat tebar berpengaruh nyata terhadap laju pertumbuhan mutlak panjang (LPMP), laju pertumbuhan spesifik panjang (LPSP), rasio konversi pakan (RKP), dan produktivitas. Perlakuan padat tebar 15 ekor/L menghasilkan LPMP, LPSP, dan produktivitas yang lebih tinggi daripada perlakuan lain, sedangkan nilai RKP menunjukkan nilai terendah. Penelitian menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa kinerja produksi dan usaha terbaik pada pendederan ikan nila bersistem resirkulasi dihasilkan pada padat tebar 15 ekor/L dengan memberikan produktivitas sebesar 106.112 ekor/m3 per tahun, revenue/cost ratio senilai 1.54, dan payback period yaitu 0.65 tahun.
Kata kunci: analisis usaha, ikan nila, padat tebar, pendederan, sistem resirkulas
Anti-Aging and Antioxidant Activities of Clitoria ternatea L. Flower Extract
Full text linkAging is influenced by several factors, including Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). An imbalance of higher ROS and lower antioxidants may lead to oxidative stress in cells that is manifested as wrinkles, dark spots, and fine lines. Antioxidants can prevent the effects of ROS. Safe and abundant sources of antioxidants can come from natural ingredients. One of the natural ingredients widely studied is Clitoria ternatea flower extract (CFE). This study aims to report the CFE potential as an anti-aging and antioxidant agent. Gallic acid and quercetin standards were used to measure the total flavonoid and phenolic content. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by hydroxyl (OH) and Nitric Oxide (NO) scavenging, while anti-aging activity was evaluated by collagenase and elastase inhibition tests. CFE showed high phenol and flavonoid content (14.49 μg GAE/mg and 9.00 μg QE/mg). CFE also has OH and NO scavenging activity with IC50 18.39 and 31.11 μg/mL, which exhibited antioxidant potential. CFE also showed potential to inhibit collagenase (IC50 = 177.48 μg/mL) and inhibit elastase (IC50 = 30.88 μg/mL). CFE may serve as a promising candidate with antioxidant and anti-aging properties
Combination Effect of Culture Media and Silver Nanoparticle on the Effectiveness of Tobacco Anther Regeneration
Full text linkAnther culture is an effective biotechnological approach to accelerate the production of homozygous lines in tobacco breeding. This study evaluated the interaction between culture media (Murashige and Skoog/MS and Chu’s N6) and silver nanoparticle (AgNP) concentrations on in vitro anther regeneration of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with ten treatment combinations consisting of two basal media and five AgNP concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 ppm), each replicated three times. Quantitative parameters included callus formation, shoot regeneration, rooting response, regeneration percentage, and contamination rate. MS medium supplemented with 2.5 ppm AgNPs (K2) produced the optimal response, showing 100% callus formation and the highest shoot regeneration percentage (89%). Root formation was observed only in treatments K2 and K4. In contrast, higher AgNP concentrations (≥7.5 ppm), particularly in Chu’s N6 medium, significantly reduced regeneration percentages (ANOVA, p<0.05). The promotive effect of low AgNP concentration is associated with suppression of ethylene activity, antimicrobial action, and regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which collectively enhance cell division and organogenesis. These findings indicate that MS medium supplemented with 2.5 ppm AgNPs is optimal for tobacco anther regeneration and suitable for doubled-haploid production
Development of Post Fire Severity Assessment Module in Indonesian Forest and Land Fire Prevention Patrol System
Full text linkThe severity of forest and land fires is a crucial indicator for assessing their impact on ecosystems, particularly vegetation and soil. The assessment results serve as a foundation for forest and land restoration, rehabilitation, and conservation efforts. This study employs a deep learning algorithm to develop a forest and land fire severity assessment module. The CNN model used is MobileNetV2 that has an accuracy of 88.8%. The smart module is integrated into the Indonesian Forest and Land Fire Prevention Patrol Mobile Application and follows the Software Development Life Cycle approach in its development. Field observation images are input to the CNN module in the mobile application. The module then analyzes the fire severity and classifies it into very light, light, moderate, severe, and very severe categories. Testing results indicate that the module accurately predicts fire severity based on established assessment standards. The optimal time for capturing images is a few days after the fire, during daylight hours, to ensure the majority of images depict burned areas. Additionally, the findings highlight that lighting conditions and image quality significantly influence the accuracy of severity predictions. Further development is required to enhance the module\u27s compatibility and flexibility, enabling its use across various devices
The effectiveness of giving silkworms Tubifex sp. enriched with curcumin on the growth and survival of jelawat fish larvae Leptobarbus hoevenii
Full text linkCurcumin is a secondary metabolite that enhances fish immunity and functions as an antibacterial and antimicrobial agent. Curcumin acts as a supplement to increase the larvae\u27s appetite. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of curcumin-enriched silkworms (Tubifex sp.) on the growth and survival of jelawat fish larvae. This research was carried out in June–July 2023 at the Fish Hatchery and Breeding Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Riau University. This study applied an experimental method using a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The treatment in this study was P0 (silkworms without curcumin enrichment), P1 (silkworms enriched with curcumin 0.2 mg/kg silkworms), P2 (silkworms enriched with curcumin 0.3 mg/kg silkworms), P3 (silkworms enriched with 0.4 mg/kg curcumin), and P4 (silkworms enriched with curcumin 0.5 mg/kg silkworms). The results showed that the treatment of silkworms enriched with curcumin had a significant effect on the growth and survival of jelawat fish larvae (P<0.05). The best treatment is P3 (silkworms enriched with curcumin 0.4 mg/kg silkworms) with absolute weight growth of 2.26 ± 0.04 g, absolute length 5.25 ± 0.03 cm, SGR 11.84 ± 0.04% and survival 100 ± 0.00% respectively. The water quality parameters during the research period were temperature 27.2-29.5℃, pH 6.3-7.5, and dissolved oxygen 4.5-5.8 mg/L still in good condition for jelawat fish.
Keywords: curcumin, jelawat fish larvae, silkworms
Abstrak
Kurkumin merupakan salah satu senyawa metabolit sekunder yang dapat meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh ikan dan memiliki manfaat sebagai zat anti bakteri atau mikroba. Kurkumin berperan sebagai suplemen untuk menambah nafsu makan larva. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian cacing sutera (Tubifex sp.) yang diperkaya kurkumin terhadap pertumbuhan dan kelulushidupan larva ikan jelawat. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni–Juli 2023 di Laboratorium Pembenihan dan Pembibitan Ikan Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Universitas Riau. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan rancangan acak lengkap faktor dan tiga kali ulangan. Perlakuan pada penelitian ini adalah P0 (cacing sutera tanpa diperkaya kurkumin), P1 (cacing sutera yang diperkaya dengan kurkumin 0,2 mg/kg cacing sutera), P2 (cacing sutera yang diperkaya dengan kurkumin 0,3 mg/kg cacing sutera), P3 (cacing sutera yang diperkaya dengan kurkumin 0,4 mg/kg cacing sutera), dan P4 (cacing sutera yang diperkaya dengan kurkumin 0,5 mg/kg cacing sutera). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian cacing sutera diperkaya kurkumin berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup larva ikan jelawat (P<0,05). Perlakuan terbaik adalah P3 (cacing sutera yang diperkaya dengan kurkumin 0,4 mg/kg cacing sutera) dengan pertumbuhan bobot mutlak 2,26 ± 0,04 g, panjang mutlak 5,25 ± 0,03 cm, SGR 11,84 ± 0,04% dan kelangsungan hidup 100 ± 0,00%. Parameter kualitas air selama penelitian yaitu suhu 27,2-29,5℃, pH 6,3-7,5, dan oksigen terlarut 4,5-5,8 mg/L, masih dalam kondisi baik untuk ikan jelawat.
Kata kunci: cacing sutera, kurkumin, larva ikan jelawa