Scientific Journals of Bogor Agricultural University
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FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH BULLYING BEHAVIOUR IN ADOLESCENTS AGED 13-15 YEARS OLD
Get PDFBullying behavior is a form of negative aggressive behavior exhibited by individuals or groups of children, involving physical or psychological disturbances. This phenomenon frequently occurs in schools and other places where children interact and can develop in any social context where human interaction exists. This study aimed to identify factors associated with bullying behavior at SMP YP PGRI Disamakan Makassar. A quantitative approach was employed using a cross-sectional design in an analytical survey. The sample was selected using proportional stratified random sampling. Subject characteristics data were collected through questionnaires, and data analysis was performed using the Chi-Square test. The results revealed significant associations between self-control and bullying behavior (ρ = 0.000, α = 0.05), peer influence and bullying behavior (ρ = 0.000, α = 0.05), as well as social media usage and bullying behavior (ρ = 0.000, α = 0.05). The study concluded that self-control, peer influence, and social media usage significantly influence bullying behavior at SMP YP PGRI Disamakan Makassar. This study recommends that the school organize educational programs to raise students\u27 awareness of the impacts of bullying behavior
Effectiveness of Mine Land Reclamation in Indonesia: Case Studies and Innovative Approaches for Ecosystem Restoration
Get PDFMine land reclamation is a crucial effort to minimize the negative environmental impacts of mining activities. The primary objective of this paper is to evaluate innovative approaches in mine reclamation, such as the use of biochar, void management, and revegetation techniques, and to analyze their effectiveness in improving soil quality and environmental sustainability. Data from various case studies in Indonesia were analyzed to understand the challenges and opportunities in implementing these reclamation techniques. The study results show that techniques like biochar can enhance soil fertility by improving cation exchange capacity (CEC) and soil pH, revegetation can restore canopy cover and biodiversity through the use of locally adapted plant species, and void management provides opportunities for sustainable water resource development. However, challenges in meeting criteria such as soil fertility enhancement, water quality improvement, and biodiversity restoration still require special attention. This study offers new insights into effective and sustainable post-mining environmental management practices in IndonesiaMine land reclamation is a crucial effort to minimize the negative environmental impacts of mining activities. The primary objective of this paper is to evaluate innovative approaches in mine reclamation, such as the use of biochar, void management, and revegetation techniques, and to analyze their effectiveness in improving soil quality and environmental sustainability. Data from various case studies in Indonesia were analyzed to understand the challenges and opportunities in implementing these reclamation techniques. The study results show that techniques like biochar can enhance soil fertility by improving cation exchange capacity (CEC) and soil pH, revegetation can restore canopy cover and biodiversity through the use of locally adapted plant species, and void management provides opportunities for sustainable water resource development. However, challenges in meeting criteria such as soil fertility enhancement, water quality improvement, and biodiversity restoration still require special attention. This study offers new insights into effective and sustainable post-mining environmental management practices in Indonesi
Reclamation Technology for Coal Post-Mining Land Contaminated by Acid Mine Drainage (AMD)
Get PDFIndonesia, as a major coal producer and exporter, produced 775.2 million tons of coal in 2023, with mining activities concentrated in Kalimantan and Sumatera. Indonesia also holds 37.6 billion tons of coal reserves, ranking sixth globally. However, decades of coal extraction have led to severe environmental degradation, particularly through the formation of acid mine drainage (AMD). AMD is a highly acidic pollutant characterized by low pH and elevated concentrations of dissolved metals, formed when pyrite (FeS₂) and other sulfide minerals exposed during mining, oxidize upon contact with oxygen and water. This process significantly threatens water quality, soil health, and overall ecosystem integrity. To mitigate the environmental impacts of AMD, effective reclamation technologies are crucial. These include the application of ameliorants, the implementation of AMD management systems, and phytoremediation using hyperaccumulator plants. These methods aim to neutralize acidity, reduce metal concentrations, and restore ecosystem functions in coal post-mining land. The study applies a descriptive-analytical methodology to evaluate reclamation strategies implemented both in Indonesia and globally. The findings provide recommendations for effective and sustainable reclamation practices to mitigate AMD, rehabilitate degraded land, and ensure long-term environmental sustainability. Synthetic zeolite shows higher effectiveness in heavy metal adsorption, while natural zeolite is more cost-effective and sustainable. In managing AMD, the application of active and passive technologies combination should be adjusted to the specific characteristics of the site. Phytoremediation using hyperaccumulator plants has proven effective in reducing heavy metal contamination in both soil and water, by considering the type of contaminants and their absorption mediumsIndonesia, as a major coal producer and exporter, produced 775.2 million tons of coal in 2023, with mining activities concentrated in Kalimantan and Sumatera. Indonesia also holds 37.6 billion tons of coal reserves, ranking sixth globally. However, decades of coal extraction have led to severe environmental degradation, particularly through the formation of acid mine drainage (AMD). AMD is a highly acidic pollutant characterized by low pH and elevated concentrations of dissolved metals, formed when pyrite (FeS₂) and other sulfide minerals exposed during mining, oxidize upon contact with oxygen and water. This process significantly threatens water quality, soil health, and overall ecosystem integrity. To mitigate the environmental impacts of AMD, effective reclamation technologies are crucial. These include the application of ameliorants, the implementation of AMD management systems, and phytoremediation using hyperaccumulator plants. These methods aim to neutralize acidity, reduce metal concentrations, and restore ecosystem functions in coal post-mining land. The study applies a descriptive-analytical methodology to evaluate reclamation strategies implemented both in Indonesia and globally. The findings provide recommendations for effective and sustainable reclamation practices to mitigate AMD, rehabilitate degraded land, and ensure long-term environmental sustainability. Synthetic zeolite shows higher effectiveness in heavy metal adsorption, while natural zeolite is more cost-effective and sustainable. In managing AMD, the application of active and passive technologies combination should be adjusted to the specific characteristics of the site. Phytoremediation using hyperaccumulator plants has proven effective in reducing heavy metal contamination in both soil and water, by considering the type of contaminants and their absorption medium
The Trehalose-6-Phosphate Synthase and Trehalose-6-Phosphate Phosphatase in Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.): Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis
Get PDFCocoa (Theobroma cacao L.), a vital industrial crop renowned for its economic and nutritional significance, faces increasing challenges due to climate change-induced stresses. To enhance the understanding of cocoa\u27s adaptive mechanisms, a comprehensive analysis was conducted on the trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP) and trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) gene families, which play crucial roles in plant stress responses and development. Five TcTPP and eight TcTPS genes were identified using the latest cocoa genome assembly, distributed unevenly across nine of the ten chromosomes. Detailed physicochemical characterization revealed significant variability in amino acid length, molecular weight, isoelectric point, and hydrophilicity among these proteins, suggesting functional diversity. Phylogenetic analyses, performed using the maximum likelihood method, classified the TcTPP family into three distinct clades and the TcTPS family into two main groups. Gene structure examination uncovered variations in exon-intron organization, with TcTPP genes containing nine to twelve exons and TcTPS genes ranging from three to eighteen exons, indicating structural diversity within these families. Based on publicly available datasets, expression profiling demonstrated differential expression patterns of TcTPP and TcTPS genes during embryo development and under biotic stress conditions, such as pathogen infection by Phytophthora megakarya. Certain genes exhibited significant upregulation or downregulation in response to stress, implicating them in cocoa\u27s defense mechanisms. Taken together, this study provides valuable insights into the TPP and TPS gene families in cocoa. It lays a foundation for developing strategies to enhance stress tolerance and sustainability in cocoa cultivation amidst changing climatic conditions
Evaluation of Lantana camara Leaf Extract as Biopesticide for Lifecycle Disruption in Spodoptera litura
Get PDFSpodoptera litura is a destructive agricultural pest whose management is hindered by synthetic pesticides\u27 ecological and health risks. Plant-based biopesticides, such as Lantana camara leaf extract, provide a sustainable alternative due to the presence of bioactive phytochemicals with pesticidal properties. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of L. camara extract in disrupting the lifecycle of S. litura. A completely randomized design was adopted, and six treatment concentrations of L. camara extract, namely 0%, 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 100%, were applied to second-instar larvae. Observations included larval development time, leaf consumption, pupation rate, pupal weight, moth emergence, and fecundity. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, and the result showed that the extract had strong dose-dependent effects on all variables. Pupation, moth development, and fecundity were inhibited by concentrations greater than 25%. Feeding activity was significantly reduced at higher concentrations, with a 100% concentration achieving a 3.67% leaf consumption rate after 48 hours. Larval development was delayed or halted entirely at critical thresholds. In conclusion, L. camara extract effectively disrupted the lifecycle of S. litura, providing immediate suppression and long-term population control. The dual-action potential, biodegradability, and natural origin made extract a sustainable alternative to synthetic pesticides. Future studies are recommended to validate these results under field conditions and evaluate impacts on non-target species
Tannase Activity Optimization and Antibiotic Resistance Profiling of Bacteria Isolated from Goat Feces and Ruminal Fluid
Get PDFTannase is a vital enzyme produced by microorganisms in the rumen and gastrointestinal tracts of animals, capable of converting tannins—a common anti-nutritional factor in feeds. This study optimized physicochemical conditions of pH, temperature, substrate concentration, and incubation time for evaluating crude tannase activity in tannin-degrading bacteria (TDB) isolated from ruminal fluid (TDB17: Lysinibacillus macroides (KR780381), TDB18: Acinetobacter nosocomialis [MH084921], TDB23: Acinetobacter nosocomialis [MT540255]), and goat feces (TDB24: Acinetobacter nosocomialis [MT540255]). Among these, TDB23: A. nosocomialis (MT540255) demonstrated the highest tannase activity, reaching 96.83 U/ml under optimized conditions. Interestingly, TDB17: L. macroides (KR780381) and TDB24: A. nosocomialis (MT540255) exhibited thermostable tannase across a temperature between 20°C and 80°C, with sustained activity in the range of 60.15-50.34 U/ml and 29.93-28.98 U/ml, respectively. Additionally, the antibiotic resistance profile of these TDB and the synergistic effects of its crude tannase were evaluated using a disc diffusion assay. All TDBs were susceptible to meropenem, tigecycline, gentamicin, streptomycin, and chloramphenicol but resistant to penicillin G, cephalothin, cefoxitin, and vancomycin. Notably, A. nosocomialis (TDB18, TDB23, and TDB24) demonstrated sensitivity to sulfamethoxazole, while L. macroides (TDB17) exhibited resistance. Moreover, the crude tannase synergistically enhanced the antibacterial activity of antibiotics (p<0.05) against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
Phytochemical Analysis and Pharmacological Properties of Epipremnum pinnatum (L.) Fruit Extracts
Get PDFEpipremnum pinnatum (L.) Engl., belonging to the family Araceae, is a medicinal plant used by locals in many Asian countries to treat common ailments such as wounds and pain. In this study, the different parts of the fruits -peel, core, and kernels were analyzed for their phytochemicals and antioxidant potentials. Initial phytochemical investigation revealed that flavonoids, polyphenols, and sterols were found in all parts. Terpenoids were found in the core and peel extracts, while cardiac glycosides were found in the core and kernel extracts. The peel extracts were found to have the highest flavonoid content (308.9±19.2 mg quercetin equivalent per g fresh wt sample). It also exhibited the highest total antioxidant activity (EC50 = 23.1±4.2 ppm) among the three extracts, which is next to the activity of ascorbic acid (EC50 = 4.6±1.6 ppm) using the phosphomolybdate method. It also gave the highest DPPH-free radical scavenging activity (EC50 = 41.9±2.6 ppm) among the three extracts but lower activity than the ascorbic acid (EC50 = 1.1±0.5 ppm). At 200 ppm, the peel extracts exhibited a profound inhibitory effect (>50%) on the melanin production in zebrafish embryos. But, at this concentration, the peel extracts were also found to be toxic to the embryo, with 43% mortality. However, the extract did not exhibit antibacterial properties against E. coli and S. aureus. These results suggest the potential of the fruit parts, particularly the peel, as a source of natural compounds with pharmacological importance
Genetic External Characteristics of Tukong: Indonesian Rumpless Indigenous Chicken
Get PDFTukong chicken, also known as rumpless chicken due to the absence of a tailbone, is one of the indigenous chicken breeds in Indonesia currently at risk of extinction. Due to its scarcity, genetic information on the Tukong chicken remains limited, and its potential has not been fully explored. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the genetic external characteristics of the Tukong chickens. Data were collected from 205 chickens (52 males; 153 females) raised in Landak and Bengkayang Regency, West Kalimantan. The varieties are based on feather color, plumage color, feather pattern, feather flicker, comb shape, and shank color. The data were used to analyze the rate of the original gene, the frequency of autosomal genes, sex-linked genes, feather pattern, introgression rate, gene frequency, and expected heterozygosity. The majority of the Tukong chickens had colored feathers (88.78%), columbian feather type (47.80%), plain feather pattern (61.46%), silver feather flicker (54.63%), yellow-white shank (62.44%), and pea comb (77.07%), which were controlled by ii, ee, bb, SS, IdId, and P_ genes, respectively. The introgression rate from exotic breeds into Tukong chicken is 53.2%, with the original gene at 46.8%, while the average expected heterozygosity was 0.416±0.025, indicating a high level of genetic diversity of the traits. This observed variation in qualitative morphological characteristics might benefit both the conservation and utilization of the Tukong chicken
Mutu produk saus hidrolisat kerang tahu (Meretrix sp.) fortifikasi garam konsumsi kadar NaCl 87%: Product quality of hydrolyzate tofu shell sauce (Meretrix sp.) fortification of consumption salt with 87% NaCl content
No full textKerang tahu sebagai sumber protein hewani dari laut Madura berpotensi dijadikan produk olahan inovatif saus kerang. Rekacipta inovasi saus kerang perlu penambahan garam konsumsi kadar NaCl 87% untuk menciptakan rasa yang kompleks serta unik dan enzim papain untuk mempermudah proses hidrolisis kerang sebagai bahan baku. Standar produk berdasarkan SNI 01-4275-1996 serta PerBPOM nomor 13 tahun 2019 adalah acuan yang digunakan agar produk aman dikonsumsi. Tujuan penelitian adalah menentukan formula terbaik serta menganalisis perbedaan signifikan penggunaan garam konsumsi dan enzim papain dengan konsentrasi yang berbeda terhadap karakteristik fisik, kimia serta mikrobiologi saus kerang (Meretrix sp.). Rancangan penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktorial dengan metode eksperimen meliputi preservasi kerang, hidrolisis kerang, pembuatan saus, uji karakteristik saus, yaitu parameter fisika (viskositas), kimia (proksimat dan pH) serta mikrobiologi (Angka Lempeng Total dan E. coli). Perbandingan konsentrasi dalam proses hidrolisis dengan persentase kerang (%): garam konsumsi (%): enzim papain (%), yaitu 89,1:1:9,9 (F1), 85,5:5:9,5 (F2), 81:10:9 (F3), 76,5:15:8,5 (F4), 72:20:8 (F5), 67,5:25:7,5 (F6). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan karakteristik fisik saus terbaik pada F2 dengan nilai viskositas 1.033±67,55 mPa.s. Berdasarkan SNI 01.4275:1996 dan PerBPOM nomor 13 tahun 2019 diketahui bahwa F3 merupakan formula terbaik berdasarkan karakteristik kimia dan mikrobiologi. Nilai prosimat F3 diantaranya kadar protein 3,81±0,03%, air 80,90±0,44%, abu 3,96±0,05%, lemak 1,57±0,18%, kabohidrat 9,74±0,69%, pH 5.90±0.00, sedangkan ALT 0,29x104 dan E. coli <3 MPN/g. Parameter fisik, kimia (air, abu, protein dan pH) dan mikrobiologi pada saus kerang memiliki perbedaan, sedangkan parameter kimia (lemak dan karbohidrat) tidak berbeda. Secara keseluruhan F3 direkomendasikan sebagai formula terbaik dan aman dikonsumsi masyarakat.The Madura Sea\u27s tofu clams, a source of animal protein, have the potential to serve as an innovative processed clam sauce product. The innovation of clam sauce requires the addition of 87% NaCl table salt to create a complex and unique taste and papain enzyme to facilitate the hydrolysis process of clams as raw materials. Product standards based on SNI 01-4275-1996 and PerBPOM number 13 of 2019 are the references used to ensure that the product is safe for consumption. The purpose of the study was to determine the best formula and analyze the significant differences in the use of table salt and papain enzyme with different concentrations for the physical, chemical, and microbiological characteristics of clam sauce (Meretrix sp.). The study design used a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with experimental methods including clam preservation, clam hydrolysis, sauce making, and sauce characteristic tests, namely physical parameters (viscosity), chemical (proximate and pH), and microbiology (Total Plate Count and E. coli). The comparison of the amounts used in the hydrolysis process with the percentage of shellfish, salt, and papain enzyme is 89.1:1:9.9 (F1), 85.5:5:9.5 (F2), 81:10:9 (F3), 76.5:15:8.5 (F4), 72:20:8 (F5), and 67.5:25:7.5 (F6). The results showed that F2 had the best physical characteristics for the sauce, with a viscosity value of 1,033 ± 67.55 mPa.s. Based on SNI 01.4275: 1996 and PerBPOM number 13 of 2019, it is known that F3 is the best formula based on chemical and microbiological characteristics. The proximate values of F3 include protein content of 3.81 ± 0.03%, water 80.90 ± 0.44%, ash 3.96 ± 0.05%, fat 1.57 ± 0.18%, carbohydrates 9.74 ± 0.69%, and pH 5.90 ± 0.00, while ALT is 0.29x104 and E. coli <3 MPN/g. Physical and chemical parameters (water, ash, protein, and pH) and microbiology in clam sauce have differences, while chemical parameters (fat and carbohydrates) are not different. Overall F3 is recommended as the best formula and safe for public consumption
Pengembangan Nasi Sorgum Instan dengan Teknologi Fluidized Bed Dryer dan Penambahan Gliserol
Get PDFInstant sorghum rice is produced through cooking, freezing, and drying processes, resulting in a porous structure that allows for easy rehydration. This research aimed at developing an alternative method for instantizing sorghum rice using a combination of fluidized bed dryer (FBD) technique and glycerol addition. The samples were evaluated, including physical characteristics, consumer acceptance, and nutritional value information of selected product. Sorghum seeds were polished for 30, 45, and 60 sec, and their whiteness degree was recorded. Subsequently, the seeds were washed, pre-cooked with the addition of glycerol (0, 2, and 4%), steamed, frozen, and finally dried. The cooked sorghum rice was frozen in a freezer for 24 h at -20 °C and dried with a fluidized bed dryer until a constant weight was achieved. The addition of glycerol did not affect panelist’s acceptance for color, texture, taste, aroma and overall attributes (at significance level of 5%), and therefore, the treatment without glycerol was selected for further steps. The selected treatment exhibited the physical characteristics as follow: rehydration time (7.5 min), bulk density (0.41±0.03 g/mL), water absorption (41.92±0.50%), rehydration ratio (3.58±0.02) and volume expansion ratio (223.72±12.94), indicating that it meets the criteria for instant food. The nutritional value per 60 g serving size was as follows: total energy (240 kcal), protein 3 g (6% of Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)), total fat 0 g (0% RDA) and carbohydrate 56 g (17% RDA)