Scientific Journals of Bogor Agricultural University
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SEASONAL FISHING PATTERN OF MATURE NARROW-BARRED SPANISH MACKEREL (SCOMBEROMORUS COMMERSON) IN KEPULAUAN RIAU PROVINCE WATERS
Get PDFNarrow-barred Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson) is one of the high-value commercial fish species exported from the Riau Archipelago. To meet export standards, this species must fulfill specific quality criteria to be considered suitable for export. This study aims to analyze the fishing season pattern and size structure of catchable Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson) in the waters of the Riau Archipelago. Data were collected through field surveys, direct observation of catches, and analysis of gillnet vessel logbook records from 2018 to 2022. Fishing productivity was calculated using catch per unit effort (CPUE), and the seasonal pattern was identified using the Simple Moving Average (SMA) method and monthly fishing season index (Mt,b). The results showed that the fishing season for Spanish mackerel occurs from January to May, with the peak season in February. The size structure analysis revealed that 87.6% of the sampled fish were larger than 61 cm, indicating that they had reached first maturity (catchable size). Nevertheless, a portion of smaller fish was still caught, highlighting the need for improved management of fishing gear and fishing grounds to support resource sustainability. These findings, once implemented, are expected to significantly improve the sustainability of Spanish mackerel populations, offering hope for the future of this species. These findings are expected to contribute to the implementation of precision fisheries management in Fisheries Management Area (FMA) 711.
Key words: catchable size, catch per uni effort, fishing season pattern, precision fisheries, Spanish mackere
Diabetic ketoacidosis complicated by chronic kidney disease in a domestic shorthair cat
Get PDFDiabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening metabolic complication secondary to diabetes mellitus (DM), a common endocrine disorder in cats. This condition is characterized by severe dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and metabolic acidosis resulting from insulin deficiency and excessive ketone production. A 7-year-old castrated male cat presented with dyspnea, vomiting, marked dehydration, and hypothermia. Laboratory findings revealed severe hyperglycemia, glucosuria, ketonuria, azotemia, and elevated hepatic enzyme levels, confirming DKA complicated by chronic kidney disease. The cat received intensive therapy, including oxygen supplementation, intravenous fluids with potassium, insulin administration, antibiotics, and supportive care. Although transient improvement in electrolyte levels was achieved, glycemic control remained unstable, and the patient succumbed after three days of hospitalization.Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening metabolic complication secondary to diabetes mellitus (DM), a common endocrine disorder in cats. This condition is characterized by severe dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and metabolic acidosis resulting from insulin deficiency and excessive ketone production. A 7-year-old castrated male cat presented with dyspnea, vomiting, marked dehydration, and hypothermia. Laboratory findings revealed severe hyperglycemia, glucosuria, ketonuria, azotemia, and elevated hepatic enzyme levels, confirming DKA complicated by chronic kidney disease. The cat received intensive therapy, including oxygen supplementation, intravenous fluids with potassium, insulin administration, antibiotics, and supportive care. Although transient improvement in electrolyte levels was achieved, glycemic control remained unstable, and the patient succumbed after three days of hospitalization
Silicon Enhances Banana Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense through Ethylene Signaling Modulation and Root Tissue Protection
Get PDFFusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 (Foc TR4) is an agent of banana\u27s vascular wilt that severely hampers production. It has been indicated that silicon (Si) might play a role in plant defense, but the banana–Foc pathosystem mechanism needs to be investigated. This study aimed to assess the impact of Si supplementation on banana plant responses to Foc infection, particularly using a completely randomized design arranged in four treatments: Control, Foc, Si, and Si*Foc. The transcript levels of the ethylene-receptor (EIN1, EIN3), ethylene-response factor (ERF1, ERF2), and the defense marker PR4 were quantified using qRT-PCR. Phenotypic observation, corm lesion severity, and root anatomy were also evaluated. Results indicated that early ethylene signaling (EIN1, EIN3) was down-regulated, and ERF2 was up-regulated in the presence of Si during Foc infection. Foc-infected plants treated with Si displayed smaller lesion areas, greater root structural stability, and less aerenchyma formation. Plant growth reduction caused by Foc was also relieved by Si, showing increased root-to-shoot biomass ratios and modified leaf shape. Multivariate analysis validated differences in physiological and transcriptional patterns in Si*Foc plants. These results indicate that Si improves banana resistance to Foc by regulating ethylene-mediated defense, tissue integrity, and stress resistance
Perubahan profil protein dan tekstur rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) kukus selama penyimpanan dingin dan beku: Alterations in protein profile and texture of steamed blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) during chilled and frozen storage
No full textRajungan (Portunus pelagicus), atau dikenal juga sebagai blue swimming crab merupakan sumber protein hewani berkualitas tinggi dengan tekstur yang khas. Proses penyimpanan dapat mengubah profil protein yang berakibat pada perubahan tekstur. Namun, belum ada penelitian yang mengamati perubahan profil protein rajungan selama penyimpanan setelah proses pengukusan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan pengaruh pengukusan dan penyimpanan pada suhu dingin dan beku terhadap profil protein serta tekstur rajungan. Daging rajungan segar dan kukus dibagi menjadi tiga bagian untuk analisis, yaitu claw meat (CM), jumbo lump (JL) dan leg meat (LEG). Daging rajungan kukus disimpan pada suhu dingin (4°C) dan suhu beku (-18°C) pada waktu penyimpanan yang berbeda. Ketiga bagian daging rajungan memiliki profil protein dan tekstur yang berbeda. Bagian CM mengandung protein larut air tertinggi, yaitu sebesar 3,837±0,16 mg/mL, diikuti JL dan LEG. Secara umum, proses pengukusan mengubah profil protein dan tekstur ketiga bagian daging rajungan. Kandungan protein larut air mengalami penurunan yang signifikan terutama pada bagian CM, yaitu hampir 50%. Adapun nilai tekstur mengalami peningkatan terutama di bagian LEG. Penyimpanan suhu beku lebih mampu mempertahankan kondisi protein dibandingkan dengan suhu dingin. Kandungan protein larut air yang disimpan pada suhu beku cenderung stabil, namun fluktuatif pada daging yang disimpan pada suhu dingin. Analisis profil protein menggunakan SDS-PAGE memperlihatkan adanya penurunan jumlah pita protein setelah proses pengukusan terutama pita-pita protein berbobot molekul besar >50 kDa. Adapun proses penyimpanan baik suhu dingin maupun beku tidak banyak mengubah profil protein.The blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) is a high-quality source of animal protein with a distinctive texture. Storage processes are known to alter protein profiles, leading to changes in the texture. However, no studies have examined the alterations in the protein profile of blue swimming crabs during storage after steaming. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effects of steaming and subsequent storage under chilled and frozen conditions on the protein profile and texture of crab meat. Fresh and steamed crab meat samples were divided into three anatomical portions for analysis: claw meat (CM), jumbo lumps (JL), and leg meat (LEG). Steamed samples were stored under chilled (4°C) and frozen (− 18°C) conditions for varying storage durations. The three anatomical portions exhibited distinct protein profiles and textural characteristics of the meat. The CM portion contained the highest concentration of water-soluble proteins (3.837±0.16 mg/mL), followed by JL and LEG, respectively. Overall, steaming altered the protein profile and texture of all portions. The water-soluble protein content decreased significantly, particularly in CM, where the reduction reached nearly 50%. In contrast, the textural values increased, most notably in the LEG portion. Frozen storage better preserved protein characteristics than chilled storage. The water-soluble protein content remained relatively stable under frozen conditions but fluctuated in samples stored at chilled temperatures. SDS-PAGE analysis showed a reduction in the number of protein bands after steaming, especially for high-molecular-weight proteins (>50 kDa). Storage under either chilled or frozen conditions induced minimal changes in protein profiles.
Kinetika dan termodinamika komposit HAp-Fe3O4 dari cangkang tutut (Bellamya javanica) sebagai adsorben Pb(II) pada limbah akumulator: Kinetics and thermodynamics of HAp–Fe₃O₄ composite from tutut snail shell (Bellamya javanica) as Pb (II) adsorbent in battery wastewater
No full textPeningkatan jumlah kendaraan listrik dan perkembangan industri otomotif telah menyebabkan akumulasi limbah akumulator bekas yang mengandung logam berat berbahaya, khususnya Pb(II). Jika tidak ditangani dengan baik, limbah ini dapat mencemari lingkungan dan membahayakan kesehatan manusia dan ekosistem. Adsorpsi menggunakan material berbasis hidroksiapatit (HAp) menjadi salah satu metode penanganan yang efektif. Cangkang tutut (Bellamya javanica), limbah biomineral yang kaya akan kalsium karbonat (CaCO3) berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai prekursor kalsium pada sintesis HAp. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan kondisi optimum pada pH, waktu, suhu, dan konsentrasi komposit HAp-Fe3O4 sebagai adsorben ion timbal Pb(II), menentukan seberapa efisien adsorben komposit HAp-Fe3O4 dalam mengadsorpsi ion timbal, menentukan parameter kinetika dan termodinamikanya dalam proses adsorpsi, serta memberikan solusi material ramah lingkungan dan berkelanjutan yang dapat diimplementasikan untuk mengurangi kandungan logam berat pada lingkungan yang dihasilkan dari limbah akumulator. Komposit disintesis melalui metode deposisi kimia. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan struktur berpori dengan luas permukaan 3002 m2/g, ukuran pori 2,21 nm, dan volume pori 3,32 cc/g. Optimasi menunjukkan kondisi optimum pada pH 6, waktu kontak 50 menit, suhu 25°C, dan konsentrasi awal 10 ppm. Studi kinetika mengikuti model pseudo-order-dua (K2 = 2,23 g/mg·menit), mengindikasikan adsorpsi kimia. Parameter termodinamika ( ΔG°<0, ΔH°<0, ΔS°>0) menunjukkan proses spontan, eksoterm, dan disertai peningkatan entropi. Model isoterm Freundlich menunjukkan kesesuaian terbaik (1/n = 0,82; KF = 467). Aplikasi terhadap limbah akumulator menunjukkan efisiensi adsorpsi 99,23%, menurunkan Pb(II) dari 2,28 ppm menjadi 0,017 ppm, sesuai baku mutu Permen LH No. 5 Tahun 2014. Komposit ini menunjukkan potensi tinggi sebagai adsorben logam berat yang efektif dan berkelanjutan.The rapid growth of electric vehicles has led to an increased accumulation of used battery waste containing hazardous heavy metals, particularly Pb(II). Improper management of this waste can severely impact the environment and human health. Adsorption using hydroxyapatite (HAp)-based materials is an effective remediation method. Tutut shells (Bellamya javanica), a biomineral waste rich in calcium carbonate (CaCO3), can serve as a calcium precursor for the green synthesis of HAp. This study aimed to determine the optimum conditions of pH, contact time, temperature, and initial concentration for the HAp–Fe3O4 composite as an adsorbent for Pb(II) ions, assess its adsorption efficiency, evaluate kinetic and thermodynamic parameters, and provide an eco-friendly, sustainable material solution for heavy metal reduction originating from battery waste. The composite was synthesized via chemical deposition, showing a porous structure with a surface area of 3002 m2/g, pore size of 2.21 nm, and pore volume of 3.32 cc/g. Optimum adsorption occurred at a pH of 6, 50 min, 25°C, and an initial concentration of 10 ppm. Kinetic studies followed a pseudo-second-order model (K₂ = 2.23 g/mg·min), indicating chemisorption, whereas thermodynamic parameters (ΔG°<0, ΔH°<0, and ΔS°>0) indicated a spontaneous exothermic process. The Freundlich isotherm model (1/n = 0.82 and KF = 467) exhibited the best fit. Application to real battery wastewater achieved 99.23% removal efficiency, reducing Pb(II) from 2.28 ppm to 0.017 ppm, meeting the quality standard of the Indonesian Ministry of Environment Regulation No. 5 of 2014. These findings suggest that the HAp–Fe₃O₄ composite has strong potential as an effective and sustainable heavy metal adsorbent
Machine Learning-Based Mapping of Mangrove Forest Changes from Sentinel-2 in Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan
Get PDFBalikpapan Bay contains extensive mangrove forests which play an important role as habitat for a range of species and in providing a range of ecosystem services. In recent years, the mangrove forests around Balikpapan Bay are increasingly being lost and degraded due to development pressures. Thus, change detection in mangrove ecosystem has become highly relevant, as it can provide essential information to support the conservation practices and coastal management. This study aims to map mangrove forest change in Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan over a five-year period from Sentinel-2 using machine learning. Five machine learning algorithms (Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Classification and Regression Tree (CART), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Minimum Distance), implemented on the Google Earth Engine platform, were evaluated to determine the most suitable method. The evaluation results indicate that RF, SVM, and CART yielded mangrove mapping accuracies of 80% or higher. Notably, the CART algorithm surpassed the other tested models, demonstrating the highest overall accuracy of 84% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.78. Mapping using the selected CART model shows that, between 2020 and 2025, mangrove areas in Balikpapan Bay decreased by 21% (2,906.17 ha). Approximately 97% (2,834.49 ha) of this loss is concentrated in the North Penajam Paser, which has a high rate of land conversion to built-up areas
The Impact of The RCEP Agreement on The Export Performance of Indonesia’s Processed Cocoa
Get PDFBackground: The RCEP trade agreement, which has been in effect since 2023, will undoubtedly play a role in facilitate trade flows by reducing barriers, especially for Indonesia\u27s leading commodity exports in the international market. Purpose: This study analyzes the impact of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) agreement on the export performance of Indonesian processed cocoa commodities in the international market.Design/methodology/approach: The data used are secondary data in the form of panels from 2018 to 2024, with cross sections in the form of quarters. The research method uses Difference in Difference (DiD) analysis by looking at changes in performance variables assessed based on diversification value (HHI), export value, and export volume after the agreement\u27s implementation.Findings/Results: The estimation results show that the RCEP trade agreement increases the value by 0.52 units and export volume by 0.68 units, but not diversification. The diversification value of processed cocoa exports in RCEP member countries is lower than that in non-member countries. However, after the implementation period of the agreement in 2023, there are differences in export decisions of member countries.Conclusion: The RCEP trade agreement implementation positively and significantly affected the value and volume of Indonesian processed cocoa exports in the international market but had no impact on diversification.Originality/value (State of the art): This study focuses on the impact of the RCEP on Indonesia\u27s processed cocoa export performance. This study uses 25 central destination countries for processed cocoa exports, with 10 countries in the treatment group and 15 in the control group.
Keywords: export performance, processed cocoa, RCEP, trade agreement, cocoa, international marke
The Multiplier Effect and Dynamic System Modeling For Sustainable Drinking Water Resource Management (Case Study of Perumda Tirta Pakuan, Bogor City)
Get PDFBackground: Clean water is an essential basic need for the community, so its management must be carried out sustainably. Purpose: This study aimed to quantify the multiplier effect on economic, social, and environmental aspects of the existence of Perumda Tirta Pakuan Kota Bogor for the period 2025-2029 and project the availability of managed drinking water. Design/methodology/approach: The data used in this study are secondary data from both internal sources at Perumda Tirta Pakuan (annual reports and the company website) and macroeconomic data for the city of Bogor obtained from various sources relevant to the purpose of the study. Data analysis in this study used a systems approach, namely a hard system methodology, namely dynamic systems. The dynamic systems approach was used through the stages of input-output diagrams, causal loop diagrams (CLD), and stock flow diagrams (SFD) using Vensim PLE Version 10.3.2 software. Then the model\u27s prediction results were verified and validated through face validity in two FGDs involving experts and practitioners from drinking water management, resulting in a model that is scientifically accountable and well-tested.Finding/Result: The results of the study show that clean water production capacity remains stable at 2.59 m³ per second, whereas usage increases from 1.86 m³ per second in 2025 to 2.26 m³ per second in 2029. Thus, there is a surplus of 0.33 m³ per second or around 10.4 million m³ per year in 2029, which opens up opportunities to expand customer service coverage. This surplus not only guarantees the availability of clean water for the community, but also strengthens the multiplier effect that drives economic productivity and increases the purchasing power of the people of Bogor City. Conclusion: These findings confirm that dynamic system-based planning is important not only to maintain the continuity of clean water supply, but also to maximize its contribution to comprehensive regional development. Originality/value (State of the art): This study provides an up-to-date review by integrating sustainability analysis (triple bottom line) into a dynamic system model for water utilities. Its originality lies in its ability to measure the indirect impacts (multiplier effects) of clean water services on economic productivity and public purchasing power, which are often overlooked in company performance assessments. The findings regarding surpluses that create opportunities for service expansion are practical contributions that policymakers can directly act upon, specifically in Bogor City and more generally in Indonesia.
Keywords: drinking water, dynamic system, perumda tirta pakuan, vensim, water resource
CHARACTERISTICS OF TRYPSIN ISOLATED FROM THE INTERNAL ORGANS OF YELLOWFIN TUNA AND STABILITY IN NaCl: KARAKTERISTIK TRIPSIN YANG DIISOLASI DARI ORGAN DALAM IKAN TUNA SIRIP KUNING DAN STABILITASNYA DALAM NaCl
Get PDFThe demand for enzymes in Indonesia is extremely high, and they are still imported from other countries. Commercial trypsin is usually extracted from the pancreas of pigs and cattle, so other alternative sources are needed from fish, namely the intestines, liver, and spleen of tuna. The intestine, liver, and spleen are internal fish organs that contain trypsin with different characteristics. This study aims to determine the characteristics of trypsin in the internal organs of yellowfin tuna and its stability in NaCl. The method used was a Completely Randomized Design with the treatment of different types of intestines, liver, and spleen of tuna. Optimum trypsin activity was at 60°C and pH 8, with a specific activity value in the intestine of 0.948±0.114 U/mg, liver of 0.610±0.029 U/mg, and spleen of 0.605±0.159 U/mg. The maximum reaction speeds (Vmax) showed the largest value for the intestine, liver, and spleen were 0.248 mmol/s, 0.138 mmol/s, and 0.096 mmol/s, respectively. The constant values (Km) obtained for the intestine, liver, and spleen were 2.342, 2.268, and 1.276 mM, respectively. Trypsin has a molecular weight range of 20–30 of approximately 28 kDa. The trypsins extracted from the intestine and liver were relatively stable in up to 30% NaCl with a minimum relative activity of 60%, whereas the trypsin extracted from the spleen was relatively stable up to 20% NaCl with 54% relative activity. Based on their activity and characteristics, the internal organs of tuna, especially the intestines and liver, have the potential to be sources of trypsin.Kebutuhan enzim di Indonesia sangat tinggi dan masih diimpor dari negara lain. Tripsin komersial biasanya diekstraksi dari pankreas babi dan sapi, sehingga diperlukan sumber alternatif lainnya yang bersumber dari ikan, yaitu usus, hati, dan limpa ikan tuna. Usus, hati, dan limpa merupakan organ dalam ikan yang mengandung tripsin dengan karakteristik yang berbeda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan karakteristik tripsin pada organ dalam ikan tuna sirip kuning dan kestabilannya dalam NaCl. Metode yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan perlakuan jenis jeroan (usus, hati, dan limpa) ikan tuna yang berbeda. Aktivitas tripsin optimum pada suhu 60°C dan pH 8, dengan nilai aktivitas spesifik pada usus sebesar 0,948±0,114 U/mg, hati 0,610±0,029 U/mg, dan limpa 0,605±0,159 U/mg. Kecepatan reaksi maksimum (Vmax) menunjukkan nilai terbesar untuk usus yaitu 0,248 mmol/s, hati 0,138 mmol/s, dan 0,096 mmol/s untuk limpa. Nilai konstanta (Km) yang diperoleh untuk usus, hati, dan limpa masing-masing adalah 2,342, 2,268, dan 1,276 mM. Tripsin memiliki kisaran berat molekul dari 20–30 yaitu sekitar 28 kDa. Tripsin yang diekstrak dari usus dan hati relatif stabil hingga 30% NaCl dengan aktivitas relatif minimum 60%, sedangkan tripsin yang diekstrak dari limpa relatif stabil hingga 20% NaCl dengan aktivitas relatif 54%. Berdasarkan aktivitas dan karakteristiknya, organ dalam ikan tuna, terutama usus dan hati, berpotensi menjadi sumber tripsin