Scientific Journals of Bogor Agricultural University
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Performance, Lipid, and Omega Fatty Acids Composition of Village Chickens Fed Diet Supplemented with Flaxseed Oil
Get PDFFlaxseed oil is a rich source of omega fatty acids and has gained attention as a functional feed additive in the poultry industry. While the use of flaxseed oil in poultry has been widely reported, its application in village chickens remains limited, particularly regarding its physiological and metabolic effects. Thus, this study aimed to determine the effect of flaxseed oil (FO) supplementation on growth performance, carcass yields, and omega fatty acid levels in village chickens. A total of 120 village chickens (with average body weight 606.80 g) were randomly divided into four treatment groups with five replicates. Three levels of FO inclusion were experimented to replace palm oil used in the control treatment, where T0-basal diet with no FO, T1-2.5% FO inclusion, T2-3.0% FO inclusion, and T3-4.0% FO inclusion. Chickens were fed these experimental diets for five weeks, after which they were slaughtered. Breast and thigh muscles were collected for lipid and fatty acid analysis. Weight gain was slightly compromised as higher incorporation of FO was added to the diet of this village chicken (p<0.05). No significant differences were observed in carcass yield (p>0.05) between the treatments. Lipid composition in breast muscle increased with increasing addition of FO (p>0.05), but all FO treatments were found to be lower than control (p<0.05). However, in the thigh muscle, chickens in treatment T2 (3.0% FO inclusion) had the highest composition among FO diets but much lower compared to the control (p<0.05). Alpha-linolenic acids (ALA) in both breast and thigh muscles showed an increasing trend as a higher inclusion of FO was added (p<0.05) compared to the control and slightly reduced at 4.0% inclusion. In conclusion, the supplementation of flaxseed oil had no negative impact on the growth performance and carcass yields of village chickens while significantly enhancing the omega-3 fatty acid content in both breast and thigh muscles
Evaluasi Kandungan Protein Kasar, Lemak Kasar, Serat Kasar, dan Nilai Fleigh pada Silase Kulit Buah Kakao yang ditambah Molasses dan Tepung Gaplek: Evaluation of Crude Protein, Crude Fat, Crude Fiber, and Fleigh Score Content in Cocoa Pod Husk Silage Supplemented with Molasses and Cassava Flour
Get PDFCocoa pod husks still contain several nutrients, making them potentially useful as livestock feed. Nonetheless, cocoa pod husks face limitations such as low crude protein and high crude fiber content. This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of molasses and cassava flour in cocoa pod husk silage on nutrient quality. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was applied, with each treatment replicated three times. The treatments consisted of 0% (P0), 10% molasses (P1), 10% cassava flour (P2), and 5% molasses + 5% cassava flour (P3). The observed nutrient qualities were crude protein, crude fiber, and crude fat. The data were analyzed at a 5% level of significance and followed up with the least significant difference test. The results showed that the addition of molasses and cassava flour to cocoa pod husk silage had a statistically significant effect (p < 0.05) on crude fiber content and fiber value, but no significant effect on crude protein or crude fat content. The combination of 5% molasses and 5% cassava flour resulted in the lowest crude fiber content with a good Fleigh value. It can be concluded that the combination of 5% molasses and 5% cassava flour produces the best quality cocoa pod husk silage.
Key words: cassava flour, crude fat, crude fiber, crude protein, cocoa pod husk silage, fleigh score, molasse
Mendorong Keberlanjutan Ekosistem Laut di Indonesia Melalui Penerapan Ocean Accounting
Get PDFIndonesia adalah negara yang memiliki kekayaan laut yang luar biasa, tetapi Indonesia juga menghadapi krisis serius akibat eksploitasi secara berlebihan, illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing (IUUF) serta fragmentasi kebijakan. Ancaman ini tidak hanya mengikis stok ikan dan merusak ekosistem vital, tetapi tentu membahayakan keberlanjutan ekonomi dan sosial masyarakat pesisir. Policy brief ini mengusulkan Ocean Accounting (OA) sebagai sebuah sistem yang dapat memberikan gambaran komprehensif. Dengan OA, pemerintah dapat membuat kebijakan berbasis bukti untuk deteksi dini overfishing, evaluasi kinerja pengelolaan laut daerah, serta penguatan kapasitas kelembagaan dan SDM. Memahami dan menerapkan rekomendasi ini berarti kita berinvestasi pada masa depan laut Indonesia. Hal ini akan membantu untuk memastikan kekayaan laut kita agar tetap terjaga dan bisa dinikmati oleh generasi saat kini dan yang akan mendatang
Profil Darah dan Temuan Histopatologi Ikan Mas (Cyprinus carpio) yang Termanifestasi Parasit Myxozoa sp.
Get PDFManifestasi parasit merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat menyebabkan penurunan tingkat kesehatan ikan. Parasit seperti Myxozoa sp. mengakibatkan gangguan pernapasan, abnormalitas cara berenang, hingga kongesti, dan perubahan warna insang menjadi pusat pada ikan mas karena menyerang kulit, insang, hingga organ internal ikan. Seekor ikan mas dengan berat badan 272,07 gram dan panjang tubuh 25,5 cm menunjukkan gejala klinis terlihat berenang di dasar kolam dengan pergerakan yang kurang aktif. Ikan tersebut selanjutnya dilakukan pemeriksaan di Laboratorium Patologi Balai Pemeriksaan Kesehatan Ikan dan Lingkungan Serang. Pemeriksaan meliputi pemeriksaan parasit, ulas darah, perhitungan hematokrit, hemoglobin, sel darah merah dan sel darah putih, diferensial leukosit, serta pemeriksaan patologi yang terdiri dari nekropsi dan pengamatan preparat histopatologi. Hasil pemeriksaan menunjukkan ikan mas mengalami manifestasi parasit Myxozoa sp. disertai temuan parasit Dactylogyrus sp. Profil darah menunjukkan adanya kelainan pada nilai hemoglobin dan sel darah putih. Abnormalitas histopatologi terlihat pada organ insang, hati, limpa, ginjal, dan usus
Application of Cat’s Whiskers (Orthosiphon aristatus ) Leaf Extract in Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) Infected with Aeromonas hydrophila
Get PDFTreatment using environmentally friendly natural materials, such as Orthosiphon aristatus (cat’s whiskers) leaf extract, can inhibit the growth of Aeromonas hydrophila in Tambaqui juvenile (Colossoma macropomum). This study aimed to determine the effect of Orthosiphon aristatus leaf extract on Tambaqui juvenile infected with Aeromonas hydrophila and to identify the optimal concentration based on blood profile responses during treatment. The research was conducted from April to May 2024 at the Fish Hatchery and Breeding Laboratory, Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Universitas Syiah Kuala. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used, consisting of five treatments and four replications. The extract concentrations were as follows: Treatment A (control), B (2 ppt), C (3 ppt), D (4 ppt), and E (5 ppt), administered via immersion. The clinical symptoms observed after treatment indicated that the extract had a positive effect on the fish: they regained active swimming behavior, feeding response improved, red patches faded, mucus secretion decreased, and scales returned to normal. Abdominal swelling subsided, and eye conditions normalized. ANOVA results showed a significant difference in survival rate (P<0.05), with the highest survival observed in Treatment D (4 ppt), at 86.75 ± 5.31%. In conclusion, Orthosiphon aristatus leaf extract at a concentration of 4 ppt provided the best outcomes in terms of clinical symptoms, survival rate, leukocyte and erythrocyte counts, and hemoglobin levels, indicating its potential as an antibacterial agent for Tambaqui juvenile
Response of jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis (L) DC) to potassium sources and application time
Get PDFJack bean or koro pedang is a potential source as a soybean substitute for food and feed. In production, the plant is also useful in crop rotation and intercropping to support sustainable agriculture systems. However, jack bean production in Indonesia is still challenging. One of the obstacles in the production is the flowers and pods dropping, which reduces yield markedly. This study aimed to evaluate the source and timing of additional potassium fertilizer on the generative phase and yield of jack bean. The experimental design used a randomized complete block design with two factors, i.e., the source of potassium fertilizer as the first factor consisting of five levels: no fertilizer application, base fertilizer, base fertilizer + goat manure, base fertilizer + rice husk ash, and base fertilizer + KCl. The second factor was fertilization time, i.e., at 46 and 121 days after planting. The treatment of the potassium fertilizer source and fertilization timing affected several generative characters, but did not have much effect on productivity. Future studies should identify other potassium fertilizer sources to find the optimal dose to support plants in the generative phase.
Keywords: additional potassium; flower drop; koro pedang; pod formatio
Forest Conservation by Conserving Socio-cultural Aspects: A Lesson from the Sougb Tribe in Teluk Bintuni, West Papua Province
Get PDFForest has been part of local people such as Sougb Tribe for generations where at the same time they have applied the traditional knowledge. However, the local government has been conducting development for decades with less involvement of the local knowledge. Hence, this research aimed to figure out the traditional knowledge during the forest utilization by Sougb Tribe in Teluk Bintuni, West Papua Province. The data were collected using interviews with the snowball method in subdistricts of Bintuni, Bintuni Timur, Manimeri, Tuhiba, and Tembun. Then, the study revealed that the Sougb Tribe, originally part of the Arfak Tribe, has inhabited the Teluk Bintuni area for generations, migrating from the highlands to the lowlands due to various factors like marriage and conflict. They still maintain customary rights while managing the land through traditional organizations. This tribe relies profoundly on forest resources for sustenance, practicing sustainable agriculture and traditional hunting. Despite facing challenges in forest utilization, they emphasize the importance of biodiversity and traditional knowledge in local conservation. Thus, it is vital to integrate this local wisdom into regional development that can enhance sustainability and cultural preservation, fostering community engagement and ecological balance
SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN PRODUCTION OF EDIBLE BIOFILM FROM MINT LEAF ESSENTIAL OIL AS AN ANTIMICROBIAL
Get PDFPoor packaging can definitely contribute to food spoilage, reducing food quality and shelf life. Active packaging using edible biofilm with antimicrobial essential oils can inhibit microbial growth and extend product freshness. The purpose of this study was to classify edible biofilm products to determine their quality and predict proper drying conditions. The method involved system modeling using Unified Modeling Language (UML) and Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) to map the production process from raw material handling to industrial scale manufacturing. Subsequently, machine learning models were applied: the Decision Tree model for classifying product quality including physical, mechanical, and antimicrobial properties and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) linear regression for predicting drying parameters. The research steps consisted of creating system models to improve clarity and team alignment, collecting relevant data on elongation, tensile strength, moisture content, and antimicrobial activity, then applying the Decision Tree for quality classification and antimicrobial categorization into four levels. OLS regression was used to model the relationship between drying conditions and final moisture content. Results demonstrated that UML and BPMN modeling enhanced understanding and consistency in production flow. The Decision Tree classified edible biofilm quality into three categories with 80.5% accuracy and antimicrobial ability into four inhibitory levels with 95% accuracy. The OLS regression predicted drying outcomes with 64% explanatory power and statistical significance (p-value < 0.05). This study contributes to intelligent packaging development by integrating system modeling and machine learning, enabling early classification a nd drying prediction to improve quality control, efficiency, and reliability in active food packaging.
Keywords: antrimicobe, decision tree, edible biofilm, linear regression, use cas
Modification of a Rice Cooker into Black Garlic Aging Chamber and Performance Analysis
Get PDFThis study aimed to modify a conventional rice cooker into a temperature-controlled aging chamber for black garlic production. The modification involved disabling the automatic switch and replacing the internal sensor with an external DS18B20 sensor, connected to an STC-1000 digital thermostat. The system was designed to maintain consistent heating at three temperature settings: 60 °C, 70 °C, and 80 °C, and enabled real-time temperature monitoring using a thermo recorder. Results showed that the modified rice cooker with only a thermostat had a temperature fluctuation of 10.8 °C. When combined with 4 mm cardboard insulation, the fluctuation decreased significantly to 3.8 °C.
Proses modifikasi dilakukan dengan menonaktifkan fitur otomatis switching dari micro switch bawaan penanak nasi dan mengganti sensor dengan sensor eksternal. Sensor eksternal yang digunakan yaitu DS18B20 yang terhubung dengan thermostat STC-1000. Sistem ini dirancang untuk dapat mengatur dan mempertahankan suhu selama proses aging pada tiga tingkat suhu yaitu 60°C, 70°C, dan 80°C secara efisien, serta mampu memantau suhu secara real-time melalui thermo recorder. Hasil menunjukkan penanak nasi dengan penambahan thermostat menghasilkan fluktuasi suhu sebesar 10,8°C sedangkan penanak nasi dengan penambahan thermostat dan pelapisan dengan menggunakan karton menghasilkan fluktuasi suhu sebesar 3,8°C. Modifikasi penanak nasi dengan thermostat dan pelapisan karton berpontensi menjadi solusi untuk digunakan sebagai aging chamber pada proses pembuatan bawang hitam
Risk Analysis of Farmers and Rice Milling Businesses: A Study on The Rice Supply Chain in Yogyakarta
Get PDFBackground: Rice is a staple food consumed by more than 98% of households in Indonesia. However, risks along the supply chain create an imbalance between high rice consumption and domestic rice production. Purpose: In response to this circumstance, this study aims to identify the risks in the upstream sector of the rice supply chain involving rice farmers and millers, and then to develop a mitigation strategy for those priority risks. Design/Methodology/Approach: A case study approach was adopted, and primary data were collected through in-depth interviews and questionnaires from farmers and rice millers in five different districts of Yogyakarta Province. Furthermore, the Failure Mode, Effect, and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) method was utilized for risk analysis. Findings/result: The results showed that there are 19 types of risks encountered by farmers, where biological risks (weeds, pests, and diseases) are a priority risk with a moderate criticality level. In addition, the rice millers faced 17 types of risks, with the priority risk being the uncertainty of the raw material supply (rice and grain) with a high criticality level. Conclusion: To manage biological risks, we suggest that farmers utilize applied technology and optimize extension management to improve quality and avoid the risk of decreasing crop yields. For rice millers, we propose the use of diversified supply sources, inventory management, and make-to-order production systems to reduce risk intensity and increase production effectiveness. Originality/value (State of the art): This study is relevant to current affairs considering that rice production has an impact on national food security and that the risk of the rice supply chain is still inevitable. This study cascades the key risks in the rice supply chain, specifically in Yogyakarta, and assists relevant stakeholders in effectively addressing these risks.
Keywords: farmer risk, rice milling, supply chain, risk management, FMEC