Scientific Journals of Bogor Agricultural University
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Ensuring halal compliance in agrifood systems: A review of concepts, principles, and advanced technologies
Full text linkThe global halal market is witnessing rapid expansion driven by increased demand from Muslim consumers. This necessitates strict adherence to Islamic dietary rules throughout the agri-food supply chain. However, inconsistencies in halal certification standards, complexity of supply chains, and lack of global standardization raised concerns about the integrity and authenticity of halal products. Therefore, this research aims to explore the core concepts and ethical foundations of halal in food industry, emphasizing the balance between sustainability and humane practices. The critical role of advanced technologies is also reported, such as DNA testing, blockchain, sensors, and artificial intelligence, in ensuring traceability, transparency, and contamination prevention within halal food chains. The results show that the implementation of quality management systems is discussed as a fundamental method for maintaining halal compliance, with clear policies, procedures, and performance evaluations essential for effective assurance. This research suggests the necessity of technological integration and quality management to strengthen consumer trust and global competitiveness in halal food industry
Effectiveness of Earthworm (Lumbricus rubellus Hoffmeister) and Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii (Nees and T. Nees) Blume) Combination Capsule as Herbal Preparation in Reducing Cholesterol and Blood Sugar Levels
Full text linkCardiovascular diseases, including coronary heart disease and heart attack symptoms, are the leading causes of death worldwide. High cholesterol levels and blood sugar levels contribute significantly to these diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of combining capsules of earthworm (Lumbricus rubellus) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) in lowering cholesterol and blood sugar levels. After conducting pre-clinical trials, clinical trials were further carried out in humans. Cholesterol and blood sugar levels were measured for 14 days in Phases 1 and 2. Statistical data analysis was conducted using the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, paired t-hypothesis test, Wilcoxon test, and frequency analysis. The results showed that in Phase 1, there were significant differences in volunteers\u27 cholesterol and blood sugar levels with no clinical symptoms. The most significant decrease in cholesterol levels in female volunteers occurred at the age of 21-30 years, at 25.56%, while the most significant reduction in blood sugar levels occurred at 41-50 years, at 41.50%. On the other hand, the most significant decrease in cholesterol levels in male volunteers occurred at the age of 41-50 years at 33.08%, and the most significant reduction in blood sugar levels occurred at the age of >60 years at 38.87%. The most significant content in the combination capsule was fatty acids and cinnamaldehyde. In conclusion, consuming a combination of earthworm and cinnamon capsules for 14 days caused a reduction in cholesterol and blood sugar levels
Elevation Affects the Development, Growth, and Cocoon Quality of Eri Silkworm Samia cynthia ricini Boisduval (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)
Full text linkSamia cynthia ricini is a species of silkworm whose survival, development, and cocoon quality are affected by its environmental factors such as elevation, which affects temperature and humidity. This study aimed to examine the impact of elevation on the survival, development time, cocoon shell weight, and fecundity of S. c. ricini. The research was performed at two sites with different elevations: highland and lowland regions. The findings indicated that S. c. ricini, reared in the highlands, had higher survival rates than those cultivated in the lowlands. Meanwhile, the developmental time of S. c. ricini reared in the lowlands was faster than in the highlands. Additionally, the cocoon shell weight of S. c. ricini reared in the lowlands was also heavier, and the total fecundity of the adults of S. c. ricini reared in the lowlands was higher than those reared in the highlands. This study recommends that S. c. ricini be reared in lowland settings for best results
Antiplasmodial Activity, Cytotoxicity, and Active Compounds Analysis of Active Fraction of Harmsiopanax aculeatus Leaves from Maluku, Indonesia
Full text linkThe leaves of the H. aculeatus plant are known as a traditional antimalarial medicinal plant in Maluku. Several studies have reported on the leaf activity of this plant, but studies on in vitro and in vivo antiplasmodial activity and the compounds in the active fraction (F7) of H.aculeatus leaf have not been reported. This study aims to determine the antiplasmodial activity of the F7 of H. aculeatus leaves and to analyze the compounds contained therein. In vitro, antiplasmodial activity was tested on Plasmodium falciparum strain FCR3 using a microscopic method. A cytotoxicity test was performed on Vero cells using an MTT assay. In vivo, the antiplasmodial activity of F7 was carried out using the 4-day suppressive test method by treating Swiss mice infected with P. berghei. Analysis of the compounds in an F7 was done using spray reagent and UV Vis DAD and HPLC DAD-MS with a UV detector. The results showed that the F7 was very active in vitro (IC50 of 0.7 µg.ml-1) and in vivo (ED50 of 2.49 mg.kg BW-1.d-1) also selectively (SI of 8159.94) inhibited the growth of Plasmodium. The F7 contains a group of essential oils, triterpenoids, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids after being analyzed using spray reagents. Based on the analysis results, five compounds were identified: fomoxanthone, cyclopentene, microspherone, indole 3-carbaldehyde, and naamine. In addition, seven compounds were not identified
Medium Optimization for Recombinant Human Papillomavirus Type 52 L1 Protein Production in Pichia pastoris GS115 Platform on Bioreactor Scale
Full text linkHuman papillomavirus (HPV) stands as the primary etiological agent in the development of invasive cervical cancer worldwide. The L1 protein is a pivotal constituent of prophylactic HPV vaccines. Notably, HPV type 52 is one of the most prevalent genotypes found in squamous cell carcinoma cases in Indonesia. This research endeavor aims to enhance the productivity of recombinant HPV-52 L1 protein by optimizing the culture conditions of P. pastoris GS115 cells. In this study, we conducted trials employing 17 different media variants to optimize the expression of recombinant HPV-52 L1 protein. The results from small-scale experiments revealed three media, namely SYN6.10, BMMY, and SYN6.1, which exhibited promising yields of recombinant HPV-52 L1 protein as assessed through ELISA or immunoassay analysis. We succeeded in refining the SYN6.10 derivative, denoted as SYN6.10b, specifically designed for use in 1-L and 5-L bioreactors. This achievement was realized by adjusting Trace Element Solution (TES) and Vitamin Solution (VS) concentrations and implementing a methanol fed-batch phase with the addition of 0.3% methanol after 24 and 48 hours of fermentation in the P. pastoris medium. Further visualizations through SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis confirmed the protein after 72 hours of fermentation in a 1-L bioreactor using the SYN6.10b medium. In conclusion, the SYN6.10b medium required a 72 hours fermentation period to successfully express recombinant HPV-52 L1 protein in the P. pastoris platform
Pengaruh penggunaan jenis gas terhadap mutu daging tuna selama penyimpanan dingin: The effect of using different types of gases on tuna meat quality during cool storage
No full textPenyimpanan dingin merupakan metode umum dalam pengolahan ikan, namun efektivitasnya tergantung pada teknologi pendukung, termasuk jenis gas dalam kemasan. Penggunaan gas yang tepat dapat menghambat oksidasi, mencegah pertumbuhan mikroorganisme, dan menjaga warna, tekstur, serta cita rasa daging tuna. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan jenis gas terbaik terhadap mutu daging tuna selama penyimpanan dingin. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) 1 faktor dengan 3 kali ulangan. Perlakuan jenis gas yang digunakan adalah tanpa gas (A0), karbon monoksida (A1), filtered smoke (A2), dan gas non-kondensat yang berasal dari tempurung kelapa (A3), kulit batang sagu (A4), dan kayu jambu biji (A5). Sampel tuna loin disemprotkan dengan gas-gas tersebut, kemudian kantong plastik ditutup rapat dan disimpan pada suhu 1-4°C selama 3 hari. Parameter yang dianalisis meliputi pH, total volatile base (TVB), kadar mioglobin, dan angka lempeng total (ALT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan gas CO (A1) secara signifikan menurunkan kadar TVB dan mempertahankan kadar mioglobin tuna loin, serta memperlambat penurunan kualitas dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya. Gas non-kondensat dari tempurung kelapa (A3) dan kulit batang sagu (A4) juga memberikan hasil yang cukup baik, namun gas CO terbukti paling efektif dalam mempertahankan kesegaran tuna. Hasil ini menunjukkan potensi penggunaan gas non-kondensat alami sebagai alternatif ramah lingkungan dalam memperpanjang umur simpan produk tuna. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan solusi baru untuk menjaga kualitas daging tuna dalam proses distribusi dan penyimpanan dingin, serta memberi kontribusi terhadap pengembangan teknologi penyimpanan ikan yang lebih berkelanjutan.Refrigerated storage is a commonly used method in fish handling, but its effectiveness depends on supporting technologies, including the type of gas used in packaging. The appropriate choice of gas can inhibit oxidation, prevent microbial growth, and preserve the color, texture, and flavor of tuna meat. This study aims to determine the most effective gas type for preserving the quality of tuna meat during cold storage. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with one factor and three replications. The types of gas treatments used were no gas (A0), carbon monoxide (A1), filtered smoke (A2), and non-condensable gases derived from coconut shell (A3), sago bark (A4), and guava wood (A5). Tuna loin samples were sprayed with these gases, then sealed in plastic bags and stored at 1-4°C for 3 days. The parameters analyzed included pH, total volatile bases (TVB), myoglobin content, and total plate count (TPC). The results indicated that CO gas treatment (A1) significantly reduced TVB levels and maintained myoglobin content in tuna loin, as well as slowed down the decline in quality compared to other treatments. Non-condensable gases from coconut shells (A3) and sago palm bark (A4) also showed good results; however, CO gas was the most effective in preserving tuna freshness. These results highlight the potential of using natural non-condensable gases as an environmentally friendly alternative to extend the shelf life of tuna products. This research is expected to provide a new solution for maintaining tuna meat quality during distribution and cold storage, as well as contribute to the development of more sustainable fish storage technologies
Silicon priming enhances growth and photosynthetic pigments in rice plants under drought stress
Full text linkRice (Oryza sativa L.) variety \u27Inpari 24 Gabusan\u27 offers high nutritional value and a short growth cycle that is ideal for further development. This study aimed to assess the effect of silicon priming on the growth and photosynthetic pigments of rice \u27Inpari 24 Gabusan\u27 during the vegetative stage under drought conditions. A completely randomized design (CRD) was used with two factors: sodium metasilicate (Na₂SiO₃) concentrations (0 mM, 20 mM, 40 mM, and 60 mM) and field water capacity (100, 75, and 50%). Germination parameters (percentage and rate of germination, and seed vigor index) and vegetative parameters (plant height, leaf number, root length, biomass) were measured. Leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid content were also assessed. Results showed that silicon priming increased the germination rate from 57.17% at 0 mM to 63.83% at 60 mM. Seed vigor index significantly improved at 60 mM. However, sodium metasilicate concentration had no significant effect on the percentage of germination. Priming at 40 mM and 60 mM significantly enhanced growth and chlorophyll content, particularly at 100% and 75% field capacity. Under 50% field capacity, growth improvements were more limited due to water deficit. Higher sodium metasilicate concentrations also enhanced chlorophyll content, improved photosynthetic efficiency and drought tolerance.
Keywords: carotenoid; chlorophyll; field capacity; germination; sodium metasilicat
Kajian Karakteristik Gelombang di Perairan Teluk Batang, Kalimantan Barat: Study of Wave Characteristics in the Waters of Batang Bay, West Kalimantan
Full text linkPelabuhan Teluk Batang merupakan gerbang ekonomi penting bagi Kabupaten Kayong Utara dan sekitarnya. Sebagai aset nasional strategis, aspek keselamatan pelayaran di wilayah ini perlu diperhatikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik gelombang di perairan Teluk Batang sebagai informasi pendukung keselamatan pelayaran. Data angin yang digunakan berasal dari ECMWF (European Center For Medium-Range Weather Forecasting) dan digunakan untuk melakukan hindcasting gelombang. Simulasi dilakukan menggunakan model numerik dua dimensi (2D) dengan pendekatan berdasarkan musim angin. Tiga titik lokasi pengamatan dipilih untuk menganalisis variasi musiman gelombang. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa titik pengamatan 1 mencatat Hs (tinggi gelombang signifikan) tertinggi pada semua musim. Pada musim barat, Hs tertinggi tercatat sebesar 0,77 meter dan Ts (periode gelombang) 3,17 detik (2015). Musim peralihan I mencatat Hs sebesar 0,74 meter dan Ts 3,30 detik (2021), sementara musim timur menunjukkan Hs sebesar 0,57 meter dan Ts 2,76 detik (2018). Pada musim peralihan II, Hs tertinggi sebesar 0,50 meter dan Ts 2,97 detik (2018). Pola penjalaran gelombang menunjukkan arah dari luar teluk menuju ke dalam, dengan penurunan tinggi gelombang seiring perubahan kedalaman. Secara umum, kondisi gelombang di Teluk Batang dinyatakan aman untuk aktivitas pelayaran sepanjang tahun.Teluk Batang Port is the economic gateway for the North Kayong Regency region and its surroundings. The port is a national asset of strategic value, so security factors from a shipping perspective need to be considered. This research was conducted to determine the characteristics of waves in the waters of Batang Bay as information in the field of sailing safety. The wind data used ECMWF (European Center For Medium-Range Weather Forecasting) data for wave hindcasting. Wave model simulation using 2D numerical model. The results of the wave model simulation based on the wind season with three observation location points were obtained, the highest Hs in the four seasons occurred at observation point 1. The highest Hs in the west season occurred in 2015 at 0.77 meters and Ts 3 .17 seconds. The highest Hs transition season 1 occurred in 2021 at 0.74 meters and Ts 3.30 seconds. The highest east monsoon Hs occurred in 2018 at 0.57 meters and Ts 2.76 seconds. The highest Hs transition season 2 occurred in 2018 at 0.50 meters and Ts 2.97 seconds. The pattern of wave propagation in Batang Bay, the wave spreads from outside the bay into the bay. In the wave propagation process, the wave height will become smaller due to changes in water depth. The waves in the waters of Batang Bay are safe for sailing throughout the year
Local Community’s Knowledge and Perception towards Freshwater Turtle Conservation in Southern Sumatra, Indonesia
Full text linkThe conservation of freshwater turtles relies on local knowledge and perceptions. This phenomenon is especially significant for communities located near turtle habitats. This study aims to investigate the influence of local communities\u27 knowledge and perceptions of freshwater turtles on their attitudes, behaviors, and the resulting conservation outcomes for these species. Knowledge encompasses the empirical understanding of turtle species, their ecological roles, and conservation statuses. Perceptions encompass the subjective beliefs, attitudes, and values influenced by culture that communities hold regarding these species. The research was carried out in three river systems of southern Sumatra, involving interviews with 133 participants through a semi-structured approach that included closed and semi-open questionnaires, alongside a recollection method utilizing photographs as a tool. Identification was successful for only 8 of the 12 depicted turtle species, and merely one-third of the freshwater turtle eggs were identifiable. The most widely recognized species include the ambiona box turtle (Cuora amboinensis), Malaysian giant turtle (Orlitia borneensis), soft-shelled turtle (Amyda cartilaginea), and black marsh turtle (Siebenrockiella crassicollis). While most perceptions indicated a favorable attitude towards freshwater turtle conservation, negative behaviors persist that may adversely affect turtle populations