Scientific Journals of Bogor Agricultural University
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Kepuasan Pasien RSUD Ciamis terhadap Cita Rasa dan Penyajian Makanan dengan Sisa Makanan Diet Lunak: Ciamis Regional Hospital Patients’ Satifsfaction with the Taste and Presentation of Food with Soft Leftovers
Full text linkRumah Sakit pada umumnya sering menghadapi masalah tingginya sisa makanan diet lunak pada pasien rawat inap, yang menunjukkan penyajian dan cita rasa makanan belum optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kepuasan pasien terhadap cita rasa dan penyajian makanan serta hubungannya dengan sisa makanan diet lunak di ruang rawat inap non-VIP RSUD Ciamis. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan 125 pasien dewasa (19–64 tahun) yang dipilih melalui metode quota sampling. Data kepuasan dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner yang dimodifikasi dari Hariez, sedangkan sisa makanan dihitung menggunakan metode food weighing. Analisis uji Chi-Square. Sebagian besar pasien menyisakan makanan kategori sedikit (70,4%). Kepuasan tertinggi dalam cita rasa adalah aroma (87,2%), sedangkan terendah pada suhu makanan (34,4%). Kebersihan alat makan memiliki kepuasan tertinggi (99,2%), dan ketepatan waktu penyajian terendah (96,8%). Hubungan signifikan kepuasan terhadap cita rasa dan sisa makanan (p=0,012), tetapi tidak dengan penyajian makanan (p=0,886). Cita rasa makanan berpengaruh nyata terhadap sisa makanan pasien. Instalasi Gizi RSUD Ciamis perlu menjaga suhu makanan tetap stabil selama distribusi untuk meningkatkan kepuasan pasien.Hospitals in general often face the problem of high soft diet food waste in hospitalized patients. This study aimed to analyze patient satisfaction with the taste and presentation of food and its relationship with the remaining soft diet food in the non-VIP inpatient room of Ciamis Hospital (RSUD Ciamis). This study used a cross-sectional design with 125 adult patients selected through quota sampling method. Satisfaction data was collected through a questionnaire modified from Hariez, while food waste was calculated using the food weighing method. Chi-Square test analysis. Most patients left little food (70.4%). The highest satisfaction in taste was aroma (87.2%), while the lowest was food temperature (34.4%). Cleanliness of cutlery had the highest satisfaction (99.2%), and timeliness of serving was the lowest (96.8%). There was a significant relationship between satisfaction with taste and food waste (p=0.012), but not with food presentation (p=0.886). The taste of food had a significant effect on patient food waste. The nutritional installation of RSUD Ciamis needs to keep the food temperature stable during distribution to increase patient satisfaction
Portable Minapadi Model and Its Performance for Urban Farming
Full text linkThe conversion of agricultural land to non-agricultural uses has threatened the food supply of urban areas. While there are many unused open spaces in the areas that would have the potential to produce certain foods that are regularly consumed. It is then necessary to introduce cultivation techniques that match the area’s conditions and operable by the people with no, or less experience in farming. This study aims to come up with a portable Minapadi (paddy and fish) culture deemed suitable for urban farming and identify its performance to produce rice as well as fish. The model was tested for one season (99 days) with the main parameters observed being water balances, rice and fish production and revenue. Applying automatic irrigation without using electricity, the irrigation water consumption was 738 mm with an efficiency of 54%. Land and water productivity were 3.62 tons/ha and 0.96 kg/m³, respectively. The fish survival rate was 85% with total production of 3.34 kg and feed efficiency of 2.74. This model earned IDR7,054.94/m³ for rice and IDR36,989.82/m³ for fish with total revenue of IDR44,044.76/m³. These results confirmed that this minapadi model has potential application to support the development of urban agriculture
Renewable Energy from Various Oil Palm Varieties in Penajam Paser Utara, Indonesia
No full textKelapa sawit berpotensi menjadi sumber energi terbarukan strategis dalam mendukung transisi energi nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji potensi empat varietas sawit (Sain, Lonsum, Dumpy, Marihat) di Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara untuk biodiesel, minyak konsumsi, dan biomassa. Metode yang digunakan mencakup analisis kadar lemak, komposisi asam lemak, dan skenario pemanfaatan berbasis data produksi TBS dan CPO tahun 2023. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa varietas Lonsum dan Sain cocok untuk biodiesel, sementara Dumpy dan Marihat lebih sesuai untuk minyak konsumsi. Dengan alokasi proporsional dan konversi limbah TBS menjadi briket, diperoleh potensi produksi sebesar ±41.200 ton biodiesel, ±26.159 ton minyak konsumsi, dan ±115.104 ton biomassa padat per tahun. Total potensi energi mencapai ±3,49 juta GJ per tahun. Temuan ini menunjukkan peluang besar pengembangan agroindustri mandiri energi berbasis kelapa sawit di wilayah penyangga IKN.Oil palm has the potential to serve as a strategic energy source for the national energy transition. This study evaluates the potential of four oil palm varieties Sain, Lonsum, Dumpy, and Marihat in Penajam Paser Utara (PPU) Regency as sources of biodiesel, edible oil, and solid biomass. The methods applied include fat content analysis, fatty acid profile evaluation, and utilization scenarios based on 2023 production data of Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB) and Crude Palm Oil (CPO). The results showed that the Lonsum and Sain varieties, which have high fat content and are predicted to be dominated by saturated fatty acids (palmitic and stearic acids) based on literature-reported fatty acid profiles, are most suitable for biodiesel production. In contrast, the Dumpy and Marihat varieties exhibited lower fat content but are predicted to contain higher proportions of unsaturated fatty acids (oleic and linoleic acids), making them more suitable for edible oil applications. The Dumpy variety also has lower moisture content, making it favorable for solid biomass applications. With proportional allocation and conversion of FFB waste into briquettes, the production potential is approximately ±41,200 tons of biodiesel, ±26,159 tons of edible oil, and ±115,104 tons of solid biomass annually. The total energy potential reaches approximately ±3.49 million GJ per year. These findings indicate significant opportunities for the development of self-sufficient energy agroindustry based on oil palm to support energy security and sustainable development in the buffer zones of Indonesia’s new capital city (IKN)
Effect of Bio-Organic Fertilizer on Soil Organism in Experimental Oil Palm Plantation Cikabayan, Bogor, Indonesia
Full text linkThe use of chemical-based fertilizer continuously without addition of organic matter may have hazardous effects on the environment. Numerous studies have shown that chemical-based fertilizers may disrupt the balance of soil properties, including physical, chemical, and biological properties. Bio-organic fertilizers have become one of the alternative answers to oil palm sustainability and a replacement for chemical-based fertilizers to promote and provide a better service to the soil and environment. This study aims to analyze the effect of application of biofertilizers combined with different dosages of organic matter (bio-organic fertilizers), i.e. 0 kg tree-1, 6 kg tree-1, and 12 kg tree-1, respectively. The study was conducted in Cikabayan Experimental Oil Palm Plantation, Bogor, West Java with 12 year-old-plant oil palm, from May to November 2023. The study showed an increase in the population density of the soil organisms after application of bio-organic fertilizers, especially with the dose of 6 kg tree-1. The change in the soil fauna community structure was also observed in this study, where Collembola dominated the ecosystem after fertilization. These findings offer practical strategies to mitigate the negative impacts of traditional fertilizers. Moreover, the study highlights the role of bio-organic fertilizers in enhancing soil biodiversity by increasing the populations of beneficial soil organisms.The use of chemical-based fertilizer continuously without addition of organic matter may have hazardous effects on the environment. Numerous studies have shown that chemical-based fertilizers may disrupt the balance of soil properties, including physical, chemical, and biological properties. Bio-organic fertilizers have become one of the alternative answers to oil palm sustainability and a replacement for chemical-based fertilizers to promote and provide a better service to the soil and environment. This study aims to analyze the effect of application of biofertilizers combined with different dosages of organic matter (bio-organic fertilizers), i.e. 0 kg tree-1, 6 kg tree-1, and 12 kg tree-1, respectively. The study was conducted in Cikabayan Experimental Oil Palm Plantation, Bogor, West Java with 12 year-old-plant oil palm, from May to November 2023. The study showed an increase in the population density of the soil organisms after application of bio-organic fertilizers, especially with the dose of 6 kg tree-1. The change in the soil fauna community structure was also observed in this study, where Collembola dominated the ecosystem after fertilization. These findings offer practical strategies to mitigate the negative impacts of traditional fertilizers. Moreover, the study highlights the role of bio-organic fertilizers in enhancing soil biodiversity by increasing the populations of beneficial soil organisms
Pemberdayaan Nelayan Tradisional dalam Menghadapi Perubahan Sosial di Kabupaten Pacitan
Full text linkKemiskinan struktural yang dialami oleh nelayan tradisional merupakan tantangan serius yang memengaruhi kehidupan dan keberlangsungan komunitas mereka. Kabupaten Pacitan, sebagai wilayah pesisir yang kaya akan budaya maritim, tidak luput dari dampak perubahan sosial yang terus berlangsung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelami realitas kemiskinan struktural yang dihadapi oleh nelayan tradisional di Kabupaten Pacitan serta mengkaji upaya pemberdayaan yang dilakukan dalam menghadapi perubahan sosial yang kompleks. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan data yang terkumpul melalui wawancara mendalam serta observasi lapangan, penelitian ini menganalisis pemberdayaan dari aspek ekonomi, sosial budaya, dan psikologis yang mempengaruhi kondisi nelayan tradisional serta dampak dari berbagai upaya pemberdayaan yang dilakukan. Temuan penelitian menyoroti pentingnya regulasi yang adil dalam akses terhadap sumber daya alam, penguatan identitas budaya, peningkatan keterlibatan komunitas, dan penyediaan dukungan psikologis bagi nelayan. Hasil analisis ini memberikan wawasan mendalam tentang dinamika kemiskinan struktural dan pemberdayaan nelayan tradisional dalam menghadapi perubahan sosial di Kabupaten Pacitan, serta memberikan dasar bagi pengembangan kebijakan dan program intervensi yang lebih efektif untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan dan keberlanjutan komunitas nelayan tradisional
Assessment of Rice Crop Water Requirements for Planting Season in Moderate Agroclimatic Area of West Sumatra
Full text linkIn changing climate, uncertainty in rice production becomes more frequent leading to threat of food security. However, research on rice cultivation in the rainfed agricultural areas of West Sumatra remains limited. The objectives of the study are to analyze the crop water requirements of rainfed rice and to determine rice planting patterns. The study was conducted in a moderate agro-climate area of West Sumatra based on oldeman agroclimate zone that experienced changes in planting patterns. We used climate data for 1991 – 2020 obtained from TerraClimate, which were utilized for monthly water balance computation based on the Thornwhite and Matter approach. The analysis focused on four major rice production centers, namely: Panti in Pasaman, Lima Kaum in Tanah Datar, Luak in Lima Puluh Kota and Sijunjung. The results showed change in water deficit periods across the study sites have changed planting season. Based on our analysis site in Lima Kaum, Tanah Datar experienced the longest deficit period, which lasted 5 months from May to September. This situation may not suitable to plant rice throughout the year without additional irrigation. Further, adjusting to the secondary crop may be considered to optimize agricultural productivity. These findings can serve as a reference for determining planting seasons and improving water use and distribution strategies in rainfed agricultural systems
Pengaruh Jenis Mulsa dan Tinggi Bedengan terhadap Lingkungan Mikro Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.): The Effect of Types of Mulch and Bed Height on Micro Environment, the Growth and Yield of Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.)
Full text linkBawang merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) merupakan tanaman pertanian bernilai ekonomi tinggi yang rentan terhadap kekeringan karena memiliki akar pendek, namun juga tidak dapat tumbuh dengan baik di lahan yang tergenang air. Upaya manipulasi lingkungan dapat dilakukan dengan pemberian mulsa dan pengaturan tinggi bedengan untuk memperbaiki tata udara tanah, serta mengoptimalkan suhu dan kelembaban tanah. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan jenis mulsa dan tinggi bedengan terbaik yang dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman bawang merah. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januar-April 2023 di Desa Menggare, Slahung, Ponorogo Jawa Timur. Penelitian menggunakan RAK dengan 9 kombinasi perlakuan jenis mulsa dan tinggi bedengan (tanpa mulsa, jerami dan MPHP (mulsa plastik hitam perak) pada ketinggian bedengan 30, 40 dan 50 cm) yang diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mulsa jerami dan MPHP dapat menurunkan suhu tanah pada kedalaman 10 cm 1.5-3.0 oC dan 1.84 oC. Perlakuan MPHP pada ketinggian 40 cm dan 50 cm serta mulsa jerami pada ketinggian 50 cm meningkatkan produksi umbi masing-masing sebesar 29.9%, 34.6%, dan 31.9% dibandingkan dengan perlakuan tanpa mulsa pada ketinggian 30 cm yang menghasilkan 9.28 ton ha-1.
Kata kunci: bawang merah, lingkungan mikro, MPHP, suhu tanahShallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) are an agricultural commodity with high economic value that cannot tolerate drought because of their short roots. Still, it cannot tolerate being in a place that is flooded with water. Efforts to manipulate the environment of shallot plants can be done by providing mulch and adjusting the height of the beds to improve soil air conditioning, as well as optimizing soil temperature and moisture. The research aims to obtain the best type of mulch and bed height that can increase the growth and yield of shallots. The study was carried out in January-April 2023 in Menggare Village, Slahung, Ponorogo, East Java. The research used RBD with 9 combination treatments of mulch and bed height (without mulch, straw, and silver black plastic mulch with bed heights of 30, 40, and 50 cm) and was repeated 3 times. Straw mulch and silver black plastic mulch can reduce soil temperature to a depth of 10 cm by 1.5-3.0 oC and 1.84 oC. Treatment of silver black plastic mulch 40 cm and 50 cm and 50 cm of straw mulch increased tuber production by 29.9, 34.6, and 31.9% compared to without mulch, 30 cm, which produces tubers 9.28 ton ha-1.
Keywords: microclimate, silver black plastic mulch, shallot, soil temperatur
Growth, immune responses, and resistance of vannamei shrimp fed with Lactobacillus paracasei probiotic and paraprobiotic and infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Full text linkVannamei shrimp is one of the most economically valuable aquaculture commodities in Indonesia. One of the pathogenic bacteria that is often found in vannamei shrimp farming is Vibrio parahaemolyticus. This study aimed to analyze the effectivity of Lactobacillus paracasei probiotics and paraprobiotics through feed with different cell densities on growth, and immune responses infected with V. parahaemolyticus. Vannamei shrimp of size 0.63 ± 0.01 were reared in containers with a stocking density of 15 shrimp per container and supplemented feed for 30 days. The research design consisted of six treatments, each with three replicates, namely (K-) feeding without supplements and injected with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), (K+) feeding without supplements and infected with V. parahaemolyticus (104 CFU/mL), (PRI) feeding with 1% (v/w) probiotic L. paracasei with cell density of 106 CFU/mL, (PRII) 1% (v/w) probiotic L. paracasei cell density 109 CFU/mL, (PAI) 1% (v/w) paraprobiotic L. paracasei cell density 106 CFU/mL, (PAII) 1% (v/w) paraprobiotic L. paracasei cell density 109 CFU/mL. All treatments, except K-, were infected with V. parahaemolyticus (104 CFU/mL). Vannamei shrimp rearing was continued post the challenge test with V. parahaemolyticus which was conducted up to six days post injection. The results showed that feeding both probiotic and paraprobiotic L. paracasei through feed has improved growth, immune response, protein fat retention, and digestive enzyme activity of vannamei shrimp better than those of control. As the recommendation for the disease control of V. parahaemolyticus is feed supplementation with 1% (v/w) probiotic L. paracasei with cell density of 109 CFU/mL.
Keywords: Lactobacillus paracasei, paraprobiotic, probiotic, vannamei shrimp, Vibrio parahaemolyticus
ABSTRAK
Udang vaname merupakan salah satu komoditas akuakultur yang bernilai ekonomis tinggi di Indonesia. Salah satu bakteri patogen yang sering ditemukan dalam budidaya udang vaname ialah bakteri Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pemberian
probiotik dan paraprobiotik Lactobacillus paracasei melalui pakan dengan kepadatan sel berbeda terhadap pertumbuhan, dan respons imunitas yang diinfeksi V. parahaemolyticus. Udang vaname dengan ukuran 0.63 ± 0.01 gr dipelihara di dalam kontainer dengan padat tebar 15 ekor per wadah dan pemberian pakan bersuplemen selama 30 hari. Rancangan penelitian terdiri dari enam perlakuan, tiga ulangan, yaitu (K-) pemberian pakan tanpa suplemen dan diinjeksi PBS, (K+) pemberian pakan tanpa suplemen dan diinfeksi V. parahaemolyticus (104 CFU/mL), (PRI) pemberian pakan dengan probiotik L. paracasei kepadatan sel 106 CFU/mL dosis 1% (v/w), (PRII) probiotik L. paracasei kepadatan sel 109 CFU/mL dosis 1% (v/w), (PAI) paraprobiotik L. paracasei kepadatan sel 106 CFU/mL dosis 1% (v/w), (PAII) paraprobiotik L. paracasei kepadatan sel 109 CFU/mL dosis 1% (v/w), dan masing-masing diinfeksi V. parahaemolyticus (104 CFU/mL). Pemeliharaan udang vaname dilanjutkan setelah uji tantang dengan V. parahaemolyticus yang dilakukan hingga enam hari pasca injeksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian probiotik maupun paraprobiotik L. paracasei melalui pakan telah meningkatkan pertumbuhan, respons imun, retensi lemak protein, dan aktivitas enzim pencernaan udang vaname lebih baik dibandingkan kontrol. Untuk pengendalian V. parahaemolyticus diperoleh hasil terbaik dengan aplikasi probiotik L. paracasei dosis 1% (v/w) dengan kepadatan sel 109 CFU/mL.
Kata Kunci: Lactobacillus paracasei, paraprobiotik, probiotik, udang vaname, Vibrio parahaemolyticu
The Effect of Endo-1,4-β-xylanase as a Feed Additive on the Growth and Overall Health of Broiler Chickens
Full text linkEnzyme has been used widely as a feed additive to complement poultry needs of nutrition. Endo-1,4 beta-xylanase as its main component, which is effective in digesting non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs), hence improving the digestive system. This research aims to observe the efficacy of Endo-1,4-β-xylanase as a growth promotor and its safety. A total of 96 chickens were used in this research, divided into four groups. Administration depending on each group was conducted for 28 days, consecutively. Growth parameters that were observed includes body weight gain and feed conversion ratio, meanwhile for safety assessment, the parameters used were mortality rate, and blood profile. Based on the results, the enzyme was proven to enhance growth performance through the increased body weight gain and final weight. This is due to the enzyme’s mechanism which improves nutrient utilization. Based on the safety assessment, Endo-1,4-β-xylanase was also proven to be safe, not causing any inflammation responses in the body nor organ damage based on the blood assessment
Improvement of the Shear Strength and Reduction of the Permeability of Sandy Soil using Soybean Crude Urease Calcite Precipitation (SCU-CP)
Full text linkCalcite precipitation is a sustainable soil improvement method because it can increase soil strength and is environmentally friendly. This study aimed to evaluate the use of an innovative soil improvement method, namely soybean crude urease calcite precipitation (SCU-CP), in modifying the strength and permeability of sandy soil. Two types of reagents based on their purity, namely pro analysis (PA) and technical (technical grade), combined with two types of soybeans, namely seeds (conventional) measuring 0.1–0.5 mm and manufactured soybean powder measuring <0.1 mm, were used in this study as the main ingredients in the preparation of calcite. This research was conducted using various tests, including test-tube testing, soil characterization, compressive strength testing (UCS), and permeability testing. The results showed that the variation in reagent purity had no significant effect on the sand soil parameters. Technical and pro-analytical reagents can produce significant soil strength in soils with UCS values >50 kPa and reduce permeability by 50%. Meanwhile, soybean type is an important parameter affecting soil strength in the SCU-CP method. The smaller size of the soybean can lead to a large amount of soybean content in the SCU-CP solution, which affects the disruption of the calcination and bonding process in the soil. This study also showed that the variation in curing time had no significant effect on the soil properties. This study concluded that the particle size of soybean powder is an important factor in the SCU-CP method