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From the Editor
Get PDFDear Reader:We are delighted to present to you this thirteenth edition of the Fairmount Folio. Awaiting you is an array of historical essays from Wichita State University graduate students. Each of these six outstanding essays was carefully selected by the Editorial Board based upon its scholarship and carefully edited for the readers\u27 education and enjoyment.This edition is unusual in that each essay deals with American history and two deal specifically with Kansas history. We have grouped the essays chronologically, beginning with David Ferguson\u27s, "No Taxation Without Representation!!! (And Only If Both Can Be Within The Bounds Of Our Legislative Control.)" This essay explores the complex issues of colonial Americans\u27 demand for representation in the British parliament in the 1760s and the repercussions of those demands. The next essay is by Kate Page, "Those Pirates and Muslim Barbarians: The American Public View of the Barbary Nations and the United States Participation in the Barbary War." The author looks at the response and attitude of the United States on pirating and the Barbary Wars in the early nineteenth century. Next, we move into the Civil War era with Karen Powers\u27, "Catholic Nuns in the Civil War." This essay documents the important nursing role Catholic nuns played during this conflict. And Jillian Overstake\u27s essay, "The Nurse, the Soldier, the Spy: Three Women of the American Civil War and the Primary Sources They Left Behind," tells the story of three interesting women and their contributions during the Civil War. In "Race in Kansas," Karen Powers follows the issue of race from the "Bleeding Kansas" days into the early twentieth century. And in the final essay, "Dr. John Brinkley: Quack Doctor, Radio Personality, and Politician," Jason Gilliand looks at the life of this interesting and eccentric Kansan.Dr. Helen Hundley deserves a special thank you for her help and support throughout the process of compiling and editing these essays. It has been a tremendous learning experience for me and I am grateful for being given the opportunity to serve as Editor. I would also like to thank the Editorial Board - Dr. Robin Henry, Dr. Ariel Loftus and Dr. Hundley -- for their input in the process of selecting these papers. It has been a joy to work with each of these professors.Please enjoy the fruits of our labor in these enlightening essays.Judy WelfeltApril 201
The Evolution of Venereal Disease Policy of the U.S. Armed Forces
Get PDFA prostitute calls down to a soldier from a balcony, "Come on up here and I\u27ll give you something you\u27ve never had before!" The soldier dryly replies, "What\u27s that, leprosy?"24This joke was passed on from a Korean War veteran who said it was old when he heard it. How old is debatable, but the long association of venereal disease with the common soldier certainly is not. This relationship, mingled with the public\u27s moral perceptions and common fears of standing armies, has proven as difficult an impediment for the Armed Forces to overcome as many of the battles they have fought. Over the centuries, few populations have been so empathetic as to consider that their soldiers, drawn from the common essence, were deserving of civil understanding. The litany of double standards, well expressed by Rudyard Kipling in \u27Tommy," where the townsfolk cared not a whit for his bad food or loneliness, but inquired, "Tommy, how\u27s your soul?\u27\u27 was demonstrated by the tolerance of red light districts in most of their municipalities.2
Rapid Approximation: African Americans and the Transformation of Muskogee Society, 1700-1819
Get PDFFor historians of the Southeast few questions inspire more debate than that of what role Africans and African Americans played in Creek Indian society. Long ignored by scholars, the interplay between persons of native and African descent recently came back to the attention of academics. However, these studies have thus far failed to recognize certain cultural cues of both Creeks (also known as Muskogees) and blacks in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. In fact, contact between these groups led to a transformative process within both ethnic spheres. This paper explores the ways in which Indians and ethnic Africans interacted in the Muskogee world and demonstrates that contact with blacks resulted in the end of one Muskogean confederacy and the rise of another
Poverty or Privies? The Pellagra Controversy in America
Get PDFIn 1908, Dr. Charles Wardell Stiles, Chief of Zoology for the United States Public Health and Marine Hospital Service, visited Columbia, South Carolina. The stop was part of a fact finding mission dispatched to the southern United States to determine the etiology of indolence; the so-called "disease of the cracker," widely blamed for the long-term economic malaise in the postbellum South. If hunting for the "germ of laziness" seemed a laughable notion, the credentials of the well-connected Connecticuter and European-educated acolyte of Pasteur certainly were not. Stiles was widely considered the nation\u27s foremost expert on hookworm disease and was no stranger to the South by 1908. Indeed, he was an anomaly to the uneasy egoism of the New South; he represented a rare sort of progressive Yankee expert, never deriding Southerners for their perceived backwardness, but rather, demonstrating a heartfelt desire to do whatever was in his power to alleviate rural and small-town misery. During his many visits, Southern newspaper editors and local politicians came to know him and looked forward to his calls, offering what support they could to his cause.
Canned Nostalgia: The Myth of "Of Course I Can!" and the Rise of the Commercial Food Industry in the United States
Get PDFOn June 10, 2011, the National Archives exhibit, "What\u27s Cooking Uncle Sam?" opened for a six-month run in Washington D.C., and subsequently, it has toured the United States.1 The exhibit, which contains numerous artifacts, government documents, and images, explores the attempts the American government has made to impact what people eat. From the turn of the twentieth century forward, the U.S. government " ... has ... attempted, with varying success, to change the eating habits of Americans."2 Its many efforts have included governmental calls to increase the home production of food during wartime. Images such the iconic "Of Course I Can!" poster from the World War Two era evoke a nostalgia that remains powerful in the modern United States. In fact, reproductions of these images are readily available for sale.
Collecting Gender: Women Participation in 1930s Scientific Collecting
Get PDFThe professionalization of science during the latter 19th and early 20th centuries had a profound effect upon the place of women within the science discipline. Women were refused access to higher education and its translation into employment, especially in higher status positions such as professorship.1 As authors Henry Etzkowitz and Carol Kemelgor explained, "The traditional family environment freed up men to pursue research, while also giving them time to engage in the \u27laboratory politics\u27 that leads to managerial positions."2 Women remained bound to and defined by their gendered domestic roles as wife and mother, which strained their pursuit of research and their activity within science culture politics.3 Women scientists were therefore relegated to lower status positions, commonly those of periphery science. Periphery science has historically been less favored and less publicly acknowledged or honored compared with the work of "professional" male scientists.4 But gender historians should discuss both the obstacles women scientists faced as well as the ways in which women did participate in science. This work is an investigation into the subculture and community of scientific collecting through the analysis of 1920s and 1930s entomological collecting trip field notes by the Beamer family from University of Kansas. A subculture can be defined as "an ethnic, regional, economic, or social group exhibiting characteristic patterns of behavior sufficient to distinguish it from others within an embracing culture or society."5 Collecting was a subculture of both professional science culture and mainstream American society. It was marked by its regional location in the American West and did exhibit patterns of behavior that distinguished it from professional science culture and society. This scientific subculture both accepted and promoted women involvement in collecting, and science in general. Collecting was a vein of science open to all participants, regardless of expertise, experience, education, age, or sex. Within this collecting subculture, members developed strategies for the existence of their culture and also felt a level of acceptance and camaraderie within their community
Rules for Radicals Book Review
Get PDFSaul Alinsky\u27s Rules for Radicals is a monumental and foundational text for social leaders who desire to affect change within organizations, communities, and society (Alinsky, 1971). In this text, the author outlines thirteen rules that he believes are essential to organizing an effective social movement. I will address the rules which I find to be most and least applicable to social work professional ideals. Additionally, I will discuss what I consider to be the important aspects of the book which can be applied to social work practice. Finally, I will discuss how the book theme applies to our current social and political environment in the United States
Going Beyond Trauma Informed Care (TIC) Training for child Welfare Supervisors and Frontline Workers: the Need for system Wide Changes Implementing TIC practices in all Child Welfare Agencies
Get PDFThis article reviews current efforts to train child welfare workers in trauma informed practices and argues that trauma informed care adaptation and training must transcend case workers and supervisors in order for true systemic change to occur. This means establishing an agency vision, mission, policies, and procedures that result in the manifestation of trauma informed care in the agency\u27s environment and in the practices of the administration and the staff. This article asserts that trauma informed care agencies will result in better outcomes for children and families served while preventing vicarious traumatization of agency staff. Additionally, within a trauma informed care setting, social workers and other advanced generalist practitioners are given the opportunity to search for opportunities to understand clients in the context of their lived experiences and join with clients and their families to empower them in a collaborative partnership focused on recovery
Strategy Development to Support LGB Individuality in the Workplace
Get PDFLesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals are challenged daily regarding the lack of emotional supportfrom employers in acknowledging cultural differences. The LGB population is at high risk for heterosexistdiscrimination despite new employment laws that protect individuals from termination based on sexualorientation. Previously completed research indicated that LGB employees who felt supported emotionallyin the workplace showed a higher rate of future employee recruitment, increased productivity, quickadjustment periods for new employees, decreased stress, and were committed to their agency. Thepurpose of this research study was to develop strategies to help the LGB population feel supported in theworkplace. The strategies were identified from anonymous surveys completed by employees in thedevelopmental disability support field. The study participants are members of the Advancing StrongLeadership program for North Carolina Developmental Disability (DD) Professionals. Participants sharedtheir personal perceptions of how supportive their agency is for the LGB population. The results showedthat 86.36% of the survey participants felt a change could be made to their agency to help increasesupport and acceptance for LGB employees. There were 16.6% of the employees that identified as LGB from public and non-profit agencies. The results suggest strategies for improving agency climate for LGB workers.
The American Invasion of Russia
Get PDFWars are terrible tragedies and civil wars may be the most terrible of all wars, and the Russian the most terrible of those. Russia lost seven million lives in World War I and the revolutions preceding the Russian Civil War. During the course of the Civil War, countless more lives were lost. Possibly of more lasting importance, the principles of the vanquished party in a Civil War are lost seemingly forever, whilethe tenets which the victorious hold dear, become unassailable during their rule