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Catholicism\u27s Militant Pioneers to North America: The Seventeenth Century Jesuits of New France
Get PDFIt is a romantic image endemic to the American psyche. Men possessed of an almost superhuman will to fulfill their mission. Superbly trained and motivated, physically and mentally prepared to overcome any obstacle and pay any price, including the "ultimate price" to accomplish the seemingly impossible. For a good many Americans that image is clothed in military uniform or pioneer buckskin. Outmanned and outgunned, they fight to the bitter end. But perhaps the members of the first such organization in Euro-American history were not soldiers or embattled Indian fighters at all. Yet, given the military background and early pretensions of their founder it is not surprising that they approached their mission in a military fashion. Not warriors, in fact unarmed, these men were Roman Catholic priests, members of the elite Society of Jesus, the Jesuits of New France
Women and the War Effort: The Timing of the Federal Suffrage Amendment
Get PDFA question involved in the debate over women\u27s enfranchisement was whether the right to vote should obligate the voter to military service.1 A not uncommon argument during the Gilded Age that "the ballot is the inseparable concomitant of the bayonet ... To introduce woman at the polls is to enroll her in the militia"2 eventually metamorphosed into an argument that women should be advocates for peace.3 Yet the advent of the Great War prompted the reverse question as to whether military service (albeit noncombatant) should qualify women for their enfranchisement. Woodrow Wilson eventually answered the latter question in the affirmative; however, he arrived at this conclusion in the context of war: the impact of U.S. mobilization against the Central Powers brought this issue to the fore. Wilson\u27s reasons for endorsing the federal amendment were twofold. Not only did Wilson recognize that women had the potential to patriotically contribute to the war effort, he also strove to keep the Democratic Party in power by means of women\u27s votes. The diplomatic National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) was integral in swaying Wilson\u27s convictions toward his active endorsement of the federal amendment for woman suffrage
A Book Review of Adopting Older Children: A Practical Guide to Adopting and Parenting children
Get PDFAdopting Older Children is a guide to show families who are looking into adopting a child over the age of four how to go about it. Whether it is married families, single parents, African American, Caucasians, or gay/lesbian families this book illustrates different steps to not only go about the adoption process but also how to educate your friends and family about adoption, how to blend adopted and non-adopted children, what to do if your adopted child wants to know about their biological parents and how to get into contact with them. This book also explains the importance of knowing different cultures when you are adopting interracially. This book has three coauthors, Stephanie Bosco-Ruggiero, Gloria Russo-Wassell, and Victor Groza who have expertise in trauma, educational development psychology, and mental health, respectively. By reading this book you would get a better understanding of adoption and how it may benefit you personally
An Age of Tyrants: Britain and the Britons, A.D. 400-600, by Christopher A. Snyder. (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1998. Pp. 403.)
Get PDFThe title of this book is a misnomer. A more accurate, if less intriguing, title would be An Evaluation of the Historical and Archaeological Sources of Sub-Roman Britain. Snyder does not offer a narrative history of Britain after Rome and prior to the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, but instead discusses the methodology of these studies. This work is divided into four sections: the history of Roman Britain, the literary sources of sub-Roman Britain and the language of the sources, the archaeological record of various sites, and a discussion of who the "Britons" were. While this method of presentation covers the overall topic from many angles, it also leads to repetition and a loss of interest on the part of the reader
Editor\u27s Note
Get PDFThis volume of the Fairmount Foliois a witness to several changes made to the "tradition" that was established in 1996 when the first volume was published. We have increased the format of the journal, and changed the font and the overall appearance of the pages, with the hope that such adjustments would present the essays in a manner befitting their quality. We did preserve the basic layout of the previous volumes, and the order in which the articles and reviews appear.Besides the gratitude owing to the editorial board, I would like especially to thank Dr. Hundley and Dr. Klunder for their patience and detailed comments; Denise Burns, whose help in scanning articles prevented us from missing the already broken deadlines; and Holly Wright for her valuable advice on the choice of fonts and page design.Tomas Zahor
Dr. Seuss Goes to War: The World War II Editorial Cartoon of Theodor Seuss Geisel. By Richard H. Minear. (New York: The New Press, 1999. Pp. 240. $25.00.)
Get PDFFamed author Dr. Seuss (a.k.a. Theodor Geisel) is known and loved for his whimsical children\u27s stories such as The Cat in the Hat and Fox in Socks. Serious students of Seuss might be aware of his tendency to include profound moral commentary in his deceptively simple tales such as in The Sneetches (racial tolerance), The Lorax (environmental responsibility), and The Butter Battle Book (nuclear war). Few of Dr. Seuss\u27 many fans, however, are aware of Ted Geisel\u27s stint (1941-1943) as a World War II political cartoonist for New York\u27s left wing newspaper, PM. This ignorance is exactly what Richard M. Minear, Professor of History at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, aims to change through his book, Dr. Seuss Goes to War: The World War II Editorial Cartoons of Theodor Seuss Geisel
Japanese Orientalism in Britain: As Seen Through the Eyes of W.S. Gilbert and Arthur Sullivan in their Opera, The Mikado
Get PDF"The Orient was almost an European invention, and had been since antiquity a place of romance, exotic beings, haunting memories and landscapes, [and] remarkable experiences."1 The Orient, during the nineteenth century, referred to all cultures to the east of Western Europe, from Turkey and the Middle East through Asia and the Pacific lslands.2 Currently, the term Orientalism, especially in the Arts, is used to describe music and art that was influenced by these eastern cultures but had been filtered through European models. As a result, these pieces often tell more about the European cultures than they do about the culture that they were modeled after. The Mikado (1885) is not only one of Gilbert and Sullivan\u27s most popular operas, but it also can illustrate how the British populace viewed the Orient in general and the Japanese in particular
Editor\u27s Note
Get PDFAfter serving as the assistant editor for last year\u27s issue of The Fairmount Folio, I blithely assumed the publication process would be much the same this year. I revised this thinking early in the semester and am grateful to all who contributed time, effort, and counsel to make my job easier.Dr. Helen Hundley, the supervising faculty member, was a great source of help and guidance throughout the entire process. I\u27ve decided to accelerate the publication process so that this issue could appear in May rather than in September as in the past. This schedule allowed authors and contributors to receive the results of their work before the end of the school year. As a result, each step in the process had to move along more quickly than we had originally planned. That we have achieved our goal of a May release is due to the flexibility and cooperation of numerous people along the way.I would like to thank Devin Brogan, a fellow graduate student who cheerfully agreed to serve as assistant editor without having any idea what would be asked of him. I was glad for his support.I would also like to thank the authors who submitted their work for consideration for publication in this volume of The Fairmount Folio. Their articles were subjected to board review, and the selection process was both rigorous and competitive. The review board valued and considered each piece, ultimately recommending six articles for inclusion in this issue. I thank the board members, Dr. James Duram, Dr. Helen Hundley, Dr. Ariel Loftus, Dr. Jay Price, and Devin Brogan, for their thoughtful service and editorial suggestions.Authors whose works were accepted were punctual and conscientious in ushering their work through these steps in the publication process. Their efforts made my task much easier and more enjoyable.Each year the Department of History grants paper awards in three categories, and The Fairmount Folio presents these unedited except for the format. Nathan Heiman\u27s paper on the Bay of Pigs incident won the Rendell Award for work done in History 300, an undergraduate research and writing course. Joel Schaefer\u27s study of the origins of the Salvation Army received the Fiske Hall Graduate Seminar Paper Award, bestowed on a semester-length research paper from a seminar course. Marsha Wiese\u27s work on Greek drama had been accepted for publication by the review board and then also won the Fiske Hall Graduate Paper Award, given to a piece completed during a lecture course. Congratulations to all of these authors, who adapted swiftly to the compressed deadlines of the publication process.Besides printing the research works of students, The Fairmount Folio reviews materials of historical interest when possible. For this reason, I am glad to include a book review by Valancy Gilliam.The Department of History and the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences deserve special thanks for supporting this project. History faculty and staff have been generous with their time and advice, and the college graciously allocates publication expenses.Finally, I thank my husband, Bill Head, an unfailing source of support. Theresa St. RomainMay 200
The Communist Party USA in the Post-World War II Era: A Study in Self-Destruction
Get PDFThis paper is an examination of the American Communist Party\u27s response to events in the post-World War II era which, for all intents and purposes, ends up being the Party\u27s response to the beginning of the Cold War. The central thesis of this paper is that American Communist Party (CP) destroyed itself by marrying its political fortunes to the policies of the Soviet Union. The Party\u27s uncritical embrace of the Soviet interpretation of world events cost it the hard-earned legitimacy it gained during World War Two. This thesis emerged in the early stage of research and was increasing confirmed by further research and analysis.
The Hard Winter of 1886-1887
No full textIt has been almost thirty years since the author of this paper, while enroute to the Black Hills, met an aging rancher, probably in his seventies, during the late 1970s. It was late June in the Pine Ridge and Toadstools (badlands) of northwestern Nebraska. Meeting Albert Meng was one of those things that happened for no reason and I had no idea just how much it would alter my life. I was not really lost (maybe just confused) and he let me drive my old International Scout all over his ranch. The International Harvester slogan of the day was "scout the America others pass by" and I was determined to do my best