E-Journal Unismuh Palu - Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu
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The role of Pharmaceutical Marketing in Prescribing Decisions in a Developing Country: A Comprehensive Study Exploiting Theory of Planned Behaviour
No full textBackground: Prescription medicines have become a major component of health systems in both developed and developing countries contributing to, may be, more than half of the total health care expenditure in the developing countries. Although literature directly attributing rise in medicines expenditure to prescribers’ decision, but still only a few researches had employed studies with sound theoretical foundations to comprehensively examine prescribing decision behaviours. Our objective was to investigate potentially modifiable factors, which may influence prescribing decisions of physicians employing theory of planned behaviour.
Method: A quantitative survey approach was used to investigate the proposed hypotheses. Population was physicians in outpatient clinics in both private and governmental hospitals in Sana’a, capital city of Yemen. A structured questionnaire was designed to measure the influence of drug-promoting marketing techniques on physicians’ prescribing decisions. Data was collected through an anonymous survey questionnaire. The hypotheses were tested by multiple regressions analysis. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethical Committee of the Ministry of Public Health and Population (MoPHP), and participants provided written consent before enrolling in the study.
Result: Physicians admitted the presence of promotional influence on their prescribing decision. The study revealed that receiving low-value promotional items, belief of physicians that it is appropriate to accept both low- and high-value promotional items, physicians’ exposure to company-direct sources of information, and drug promotion-related factor all are positively and significantly related to physicians’ prescribing decisions (? = 0.438, p <0.001; ? = 0.089, p =0.027; ? = 0.157, p <0.001; ? = 0.093, p =0.032; and ?= 0.118, p = 0.007 respectively).
Conclusion: This research clarified the role played by pharmaceutical companies to influence prescribing decisions of physicians. Therefore, could provide theoretical framework for policymakers in Yemen, and other countries with similar conditions, to develop a suitable policy and strategy in terms of drug promotion
Penerapan Hukuman Mati dalam Tindak Pidana Narkotika : Analisis Yuridis dan Etis: Implementation of the Death Penalty in Narcotics Crimes: Legal and Ethical Analysis
No full textTindak pidana narkotika adalah pelanggaran hukum yang berkaitan dengan produksi, distribusi, penyimpanan, dan penggunaan zat-zat terlarang yang diatur dalam undang-undang. Dan tindakan ini diatur secara ketat dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika. Secara yuridis, hukuman mati dalam tindak pidana narkotika di Indonesia memiliki landasan hukum yang jelas, tetapi penerapannya menimbulkan berbagai isu yuridis yang perlu diperhatikan. Proses hukum yang cepat, potensi pelanggaran hak asasi manusia, dan efektivitas hukuman mati dalam menekan kejahatan merupakan faktor-faktor penting yang harus dipertimbangkan. Evaluasi terhadap kebijakan ini diperlukan untuk memastikan bahwa sistem peradilan dapat memberikan keadilan yang sebenar-benarnya. Penerapan hukuman mati dalam tindak pidana narkotika mengundang banyak pertanyaan etis yang kompleks. Dari nilai kehidupan, prinsip keadilan, efektivitas, hingga potensi penyalahgunaan kekuasaan, semua ini perlu dipertimbangkan secara mendalam. Reformasi kebijakan yang lebih manusiawi dan berfokus pada rehabilitasi harus dipertimbangkan sebagai alternatif untuk menangani masalah narkotika secara lebih etis
Problem Based Learning Model Design, Using Capcut Application in SKI Learning to Improve Learning Outcomes of Class X Students of MAN 1 Majene
No full textThis research aims to develop and test the effectiveness of a problem-based learning model (Problem Based Learning) using the CapCut application in learning Islamic Cultural History (SKI) for class X students at MAN 1 Majene.
The research method used is experimental research. The research instruments used are learning outcomes tests and student response questionnaires. The data obtained was analyzed using quantitative descriptive analysis techniques. The main instrument of this research is a test supported by research instruments with data collection in the form of documentation, with a research sample of 53 people divided into 2 groups, namely a sample of 27 people as the control group and 26 people as the experimental group. The sampling technique used is the sampling technique. The research results show that the Problem Based Learning model using the CapCut application is effective in improving student learning outcomes in SKI subjects. This can be seen from the analysis results showing that the value of O1 is smaller than O2, so the X received is (80.00 > 78.00). The experimental class used an Android cellphone with a pre-test score of 80.22 and an average post-test score of 82.22, while the average score of the pre-test control class was 80.00 and the average post-test score was 81.46. Thus, it is proven that the Problem Based Learning Model, Using the CapCut Application in SKI Learning, Improves Class X Student Learning Outcomes. The implication of this research is that the integration of technology in learning can improve the quality of learning and student learning outcomes in the context of SKI learning at MAN 1 Majene
The Relationship Between Knowledge, Attitudes, and the Role of Officers with the Management of Household Wastewater Disposal (SPAL) in Hamlet II Teluk Mengkudu Serdang Bedagai
No full textSPAL has several negative impacts that are not in line with health standards. When household wastewater seeps into the stream and ends up at ground level where it is discharged, the first thing to notice is to block the view. In addition, wastewater can also emit an unpleasant odor that makes it less comfortable for the community, especially those who are active indoors. In the coastal area of Dusun II, Sialang Buah Village, Teluk Mengkudu, Serdang Bedagai, the purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and the role of health workers with the management of home wastewater drains. This study uses a cross-sectional quantitative research method. The sample was 53 respondents, representing 386 households and 1200 individuals. The research was conducted in Teluk Mengkudu, Serdang Bedagai, in Hamlet II, Sialang Buah Village. Random Sampling is a method used for sampling. The conclusion of the analysis shows that although knowledge and home SPAL are not related, the role and attitude of the officer are related to the household SPAL. To prevent the occurrence of diseases caused by wastewater sewers, it is hoped that the residents of Hamlet II, Sialang Buah Village, Teluk Mengkudu, Serdang Bedagai will further strengthen their awareness, attitudes, and activities regarding the correct household wastewater sewer (SPAL)
Adherence to Fluid Restriction in Hemodialysis Patients at RSUD Ibu Fatmawati Soekarno Kota Surakarta
No full textBackground: Excessive fluid intake due to non-adherence leads to a decreased quality of life in hemodialysis (HD) patients and even death. The increasing incidence of chronic kidney failure is a progressive condition affecting more than 10% of the global population, or over 800 million people. One of the common problems faced by hemodialysis patients is non-adherence to fluid intake restrictions. This non-adherence can lead to fluid overload in the body, resulting in complications of chronic kidney disease. The objective of this study is to identify the most influential factors affecting the adherence of hemodialysis patients to fluid restriction.
Method: The research method employed a quantitative approach using a cross-sectional design. Data was collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using Kendall's tau test
Result: Kendall’s tau analysis indicated that while there was no significant relationship between age, marital status, and fluid adherence, there were significant correlations between gender, education level, occupation, and duration of hemodialysis and fluid adherence.
Conclusion: Gender, education level, occupation, and duration of hemodialysis were significantly associated with fluid adherence among hemodialysis patients at RSUD Ibu Fatmawati Soekarno Surakarta
The Correlation between Occupation and Birth Interval in Primary Postpartum Hemorrhage
No full textntroduction: Postpartum hemorrhage stands as one of the major contributors to maternal mortality globally. Postpartum hemorrhage is a rapid heavy vaginal bleeding that can cause signs and symptoms of hypovolemic shock. Many factors cause postpartum hemorrhage classified into indirect causes, namely type of delivery, age, parity, birth spacing, family income, education, and occupation.
Objective: This study aims to determine the correlation between occupation and birth spacing with primary postpartum hemorrhage.
Method: This study uses a case-control approach with a purposive sampling technique. The sample for this study included multigravida mothers and mothers diagnosed with primary postpartum hemorrhage at Ananda Maternity and Child Hospital, Makassar, in 2021. The total sample was 174 consisting of 84 cases and 84 control samples. The research instrument data is in the form of secondary data, namely medical records. Data analysis employed the chi-square test for bivariate analysis and multiple logistic regression for multivariate analysis, with a significance level of 0.05
Result: The results of the bivariate analysis showed a relationship between occupation (p-value: 0.000) and delivery distance (p-value: 0.000). Working mothers are 6 times at risk for experiencing primary postpartum hemorrhage (OR= 5.833) while mothers whose delivery interval is < 2 years or > 5 years have 4 times the risk (OR= 3.719). The results of the multivariate analysis show that the work and pregnancy distance is significantly related to the risk of postpartum hemorrhage (value P: 0,000) where the odds ratio for work (OR = 6,178) is higher than the distance of pregnancy (OR = 4.008).
Conclusion: Occupational factors and birth spacing are significantly associated with primary postpartum hemorrhage, working mothers have a higher risk of experiencing primary postpartum hemorrhage. Pregnant women and women of childbearing age should receive more education about postpartum hemorrhage and its influencing factors to help prevent and identify it early
Factors Related to Sleep Quality in Final Semester Pharmacy Students of Mandala Waluya University
No full textIntroduction: Sleep is a recovery process for the body and brain and is very important for achieving optimal health. Lack of sleep can cause students to become tired or easily tired, emotional instability, lack of self-confidence, excessive impulsiveness and carelessness. A preliminary study with 32 final year pharmacy students revealed that 32 said they experienced symptoms of irregular sleep patterns, stress, decreased appetite, anxiety and restlessness.
Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between stress, screen time, eating patterns and anxiety with sleep quality in final semester pharmacy students at Mandala Waluya University in 2024.
Method: The type of research used in this research is quantitative with a cross sectional study design. The population in this study was 158 final semester pharmacy students at Mandala Waluya University. A sample of 62 respondents was obtained using simple random sampling techniques. The analysis method uses Fisher's Exact Test.
Result: The statistical test results show that Stress obtained a value of p=0.004 and ? 0.05, namely 0.004 < 0.05, Screen Time obtained a value of p=0.004 and ? 0.05, namely 0.004 < 0.05, Eating Pattern obtained a value of p=0.001 and ? 0.05, namely 0.001 < 0.05, and Anxiety obtained a value of p = 0.000 and ? 0.05, namely 0.000 < 0.05.
Conclusion: Suggestions for students are that they hope to be able to improve sleep quality well so that it does not hinder the lecture process, then for further research, it is highly recommended to use online questionnaires such as Google Forms or similar and use other variables such as disease, caffeine consumption and the environment
Prediction of Anemia Using Machine Learning Algorithms: Scoping Review
No full textIntroduction: One of the major public health problems is anemia, especially affecting newborn and infant children, adolescent girls, young women, pregnant women, and postpartum women. The cause of anemia is the reduced supply of red blood cells in the human body or the damage or weakening of the structure of red blood cells. One of the preferences of utilizing machine learning is the prediction of results.
Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare effective algorithms, related to the origin or source of the data set, data set size, metric evaluation and accuracy and produce predictors in predicting anemia using machine learning.
Method: This research uses a scoping review method on 4 databases, namely Scopus, EBSCO, PubMed, and IEEE Xplore from 2019 - 2024 with keywords anemia, algorithms, machine learning, and prediction. The results of screening articles on the Scopus, EBSCO, PubMed, and IEEE Xplore databases obtained 384 articles which were then selected through several stages and obtained 9 articles.
Result: The review found that the highest algorithm performance in anemia prediction, namely Penalized Regression (LASSO regression) accuracy above 64%, XGboost accuracy 100% and execution time 0.2404 seconds, Catboost accuracy 97.6%, Random Forest accuracy 95.49% and 72%, J48 algorithm accuracy of 97.7%, Logistic Regression accuracy 66% and AUC 69%, and SVM linear AUC 79.9%.
Conclusion: Machine learning can assist in the development of anemia prediction models by exploring large amounts of data and producing precise and fast predictors. The predictors obtained are determined by the selection of algorithms in the study.
 
The Influence of Career Development, Compensation and Work Commitment on Employee Performance at the Haji Makassar Regional General Hospital UPT
No full textThis research was conducted with the aim of; (1) examine and analyze the effect of career development (enrichment) on performance; (2) examine and analyze the effect of compensation on performance; (3) examine and analyze the effect of work commitment on the performance of UPT of Makassar Hajj Regional General Hospital. This study uses primary data using the sampling method, namely the census method through a survey of 84 employees as well as a sampl, the survey was conducted from April 2024 to May 2024. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 24 program. The results of this study indicate that: (1) Career Development (Enrichment) has a positive and significant effect on performance; (2) Compensation has a positive and significant effect on performance; and (3) work commitment has a positive and significant impact on the work of employees at the UPT of Makassar Hajj Regional General Hospital. This means that career development opportunities, structured training, fair treatment in a career, career information, promotion and receiving salary according to work quality standards, receiving incentives, receiving benefits, health insurance services, pension services and feeling comfortable spending time for the organization, happy to join the company, enjoy working and living in the company, find it hard to leave the company. These factors can encourage the achievement of employee performance which is useful for the development of the performance of the UPT of Makassar Hajj Regional General Hospital
Financial Performance Analysis Against Profitability Ratios at PT Astra Internasional Tbk
No full textThe purpose of this study is to determine the financial performance of PT Astra International Tbk using the Profitability ratio, the data analysis techniques in this study are the Return On Asset (ROA) Ratio and the Return On Equity (ROE) Ratio, the data used is quantitative data and the data source in this study is secondary data obtained based on financial records for the last five years 2019-2023 at PT Astra International Tbk on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The results of the study which were tested partially showed that return on assets had a fluctuating ratio each year, but the value of the return on assets ratio did not exceed the set industry value so that financial performance was declared unhealthy. The return on equity produced has the same value as the return on assets ratio, which is fluctuating and the industry value does not exceed the return on equity ratio value so that the financial performance of PT Astra International Tbk is not good