E-Journal Unismuh Palu - Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu
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PENERAPAN DOKTRIN PENYALAHGUNAAN KEADAAN (MISBRUIK VAN OMSTANDIGHEDEN) DALAM SENGKETA PERJANJIAN
No full textDoktrin penyalahgunaan keadaan (misbruik van omstandigheden) merupakan konsep hukum yang berkembang dalam praktik perjanjian perdata di Indonesia, meskipun belum diatur secara eksplisit dalam peraturan perundang-undangan. Doktrin ini berangkat dari ketimpangan posisi para pihak dalam suatu perjanjian yang dimanfaatkan oleh pihak yang dominan untuk memperoleh keuntungan secara tidak wajar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji penerapan doktrin penyalahgunaan keadaan dalam sengketa perjanjian berdasarkan pendekatan hukum normatif, dengan mengandalkan analisis terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan, doktrin hukum, dan yurisprudensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa indikator terjadinya penyalahgunaan keadaan dapat dilihat dari tiga aspek, yaitu: posisi para pihak, formulasi klausul perjanjian, dan itikad baik dalam pelaksanaan kontrak. Melalui analisis terhadap beberapa putusan Mahkamah Agung, terlihat adanya perkembangan pemahaman hakim terhadap doktrin ini sebagai bentuk penemuan hukum (rechtsvinding) dalam rangka menjawab kekosongan norma dalam KUHPerdata. Selain itu, asas proporsionalitas dinilai lebih relevan dibandingkan asas keseimbangan dalam mengevaluasi distribusi hak dan kewajiban para pihak secara adil. Berdasarkan temuan ini, direkomendasikan agar doktrin penyalahgunaan keadaan dikodifikasi secara formal dalam hukum positif Indonesia untuk memperkuat kepastian hukum dan keseragaman dalam penanganan sengketa kontraktual.
 
Claims of Economic Rights of Wives in Divorce Cases According to the Compilation of Islamic Law in the Biak Religious Court Islamic Family Law
No full textThis study used a qualitative type of legal research. His approach is through Normative Theological, Juridical Normative and Sociological approaches. Data collection techniques through interviews and documentation. Data processing and analysis techniques use qualitative methods. The way the wife claims her economic rights (Mut'ah, Nafkah iddah and Nafkah Madhiyah) in divorce cases in the Biak Religious Court is cumulated in divorce cases or reconvention lawsuits are filed in talaq divorce cases. Especially for Hadhanah cases, a separate child custody lawsuit can be filed. Factors that prevent the wife from being able to prosecute her optimally in the Biak Religious Court are caused by 3 things, namely: The ability of the husband because he does not work, the wife's demands are too high because the wife's lifestyle / prestige is high and there is no evidence of letters or witnesses explaining the amount of the husband's income so that the husband's income cannot be proven by the wife. The impact of the wife's unfulfilled economic rights is that the husband's arbitrariness occurs and is very detrimental to the wife in undergoing the mass of iddah because she is burdened with the necessities of life.
Developer's Responsibility to Consumers in a Problematic Property Sale and Purchase Agreement
No full textDisputes in property sale and purchase agreements between consumers and developers are increasingly prevalent and often lead to legal conflicts. Common issues include discrepancies between promotional promises and the actual condition of the property, delays in handover, and hidden construction defects that only become apparent after occupancy. This article aims to explore the legal responsibilities of developers when breaches of contract or non-performance (wanprestasi) occur in property transactions. Utilizing a normative legal approach, this study analyzes statutory regulations and relevant court decisions to assess the extent of developers’ obligations. The findings indicate that developers bear full legal responsibility for any violations of the agreement and that consumers are entitled to claim compensation through both civil law provisions and consumer protection frameworks. Strengthening the enforcement of developer accountability is crucial in ensuring fair and transparent property transactions
The Role of Evidence in Proving the Element of Intent in Murder Cases
No full textThis study examines the role of evidence in proving intent in murder cases within the criminal justice system. Intent is an element in distinguishing between different types of homicide, such as premeditated murder and manslaughter. The complexity of proving intent is influenced by the types of evidence available, including direct, circumstantial, forensic, and testimonial evidence. Direct evidence, such as confessions or eyewitness testimony, is the most definitive but is often unavailable, making circumstantial evidence essential in many cases. Forensic evidence, particularly autopsy results, provides significant insights into whether the actions were deliberate or accidental. Motive also plays an important role in strengthening the case for intent, offering contextual understanding of the perpetrator's reasons for committing the crime. Witness testimony, although important, requires careful evaluation to ensure its reliability. Psychological factors, such as emotional distress or provocation, can further complicate proving intent, as they may reduce the level of premeditation and influence the legal classification of the crime. This paper argues that proving intent in murder cases requires a comprehensive approach that integrates multiple forms of evidence to ensure accurate legal outcomes and fair justice
Legal Aspects of Medical Malpractice: Patient Protection and Physician Liability
No full textMedical malpractice represents a significant violation within healthcare services, posing serious risks to patient safety and eroding public trust. In Indonesia, incidents of malpractice are relatively frequent, yet many remain unresolved due to limited legal awareness and inadequate access to justice for patients. This article examines the legal dimensions of medical malpractice by focusing on two critical aspects: the legal protection afforded to patients and the legal liability borne by medical practitioners. Employing a normative juridical approach, alongside an analysis of relevant legislation and case studies, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the existing legal frameworks and the practical challenges faced in their enforcement. The findings are expected to serve as a valuable reference for stakeholders, including patients, healthcare professionals, and legal institutions
ANALISIS KOMPONEN BIAYA SMKK PADA PROYEK KONSTRUKSI DI SULAWESI TENGAH BERDASARKAN PERMEN PUPR NO. 10 TAHUN 2021
No full textSistem Manajemen Keselamatan Konstruksi (SMKK) pada dasarnya harus diterapkan dalam setiap proyek konstruksi. Dalam penerapan SMKK tentunya akan membutuhkan biaya yang tidak sedikit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis komponen biaya SMKK terhadap nilai proyek konstruksi. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian studi kasus pada enam proyek perencanaan di Sulawesi Tengah. Alokasi biaya yang ditinjau berdasarkan Permen PUPR No. 10 Tahun 2021 adalah sebanyak 9 komponen biaya yaitu (1) penyusunan RK3K; (2) sosialisasi, promosi dan pelatihan K3; (3) alat pelindung diri dan alat pelindung kerja; (4) asuransi dan perizinan; (%) personel K3; (6) fasilitas kesehatan; (7) rambu-rambu; (8) konsultansi dengan ahli terkait; dan (9) kegiatan dan peralatan yang terkait dengan pengendalian risiko keselamatan konstruksi. Hasil penelitian pada ke-enam proyek studi kasus di atas menunjukkan bahwa masing-masing proyek memiliki alokasi biaya SMKK terhadap nilai proyek sebesar 19,43%; 9,59%; 16,84%; 11,94%; 5,80%; dan 0,78% dan alokasi biaya SMKK terbesar pada komposisi penyediaan personel keselamatan konstruksi. Persentase di atas menunjukkan bahwa keenam proyek konstruksi tersebut memiliki nilai alokasi biaya SMKK yang tidak jauh berbeda meskipun jenis dan risiko keselamatan konstruksi yang berbeda. Hal ini dikarenakan pada Permen PUPR No. 10 Tahun 2021 belum ditetapkan nilai pasti untuk penerapan biaya SMKK pada proyek konstruksi
Determinants of Patient Loyalty in Healthcare: The Multifaceted Influence of Demographics and Nurses' Caring Behavior
No full textIntroduction: Patient loyalty is a crucial factor in providing quality healthcare services. One effective strategy to enhance healthcare service standards is improving the caring behavior of nurses. The success of nurses in delivering caring and empathetic care can significantly influence patient loyalty, making it an essential focus for healthcare providers.
Objective: This study aims to explore the factors influencing patient loyalty within a healthcare context.
Methods: A cross-sectional design was utilized in this study, involving 144 inpatients selected through purposive random sampling from private and government hospitals. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using chi-square and ANOVA tests.
Results: The analysis identified three factors significantly correlated with patient loyalty: Caring Behavior of Nurses: p < 0.0001, Education: p < 0.007, Marital Status: p < 0.001. The most influential factor was the caring behavior of nurses, with effect sizes indicating a strong relationship. In contrast, demographic factors such as age and gender did not show a significant correlation with patient loyalty.
Conclusion: The findings highlight that the most significant determinant of patient loyalty is the caring behavior of nurses, followed by education and marital status. To enhance patient loyalty and overall healthcare quality, it is crucial to strengthen nurse training programs that focus on empathy and caring behaviors. Additionally, implementing services tailored to patients’ demographic characteristics can further improve loyalty. These insights can guide policymakers and practitioners in developing targeted training and healthcare policies that prioritize compassionate care, ultimately benefiting patient satisfaction and retention
Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) Prenatal Mercury Exposure of Whitening Cosmetic and Infant Neurodevelopmental Risk
No full textntroduction: Mercury compounds are divided into elemental mercury, inorganic mercury, and organic mercury. Exposure to mercury through both direct and indirect pathways can have serious impacts on environmental and health issues, especially sensitive populations such as pregnant women, infants, and children. According to the Global Nielsen institution, 45% of women in Indonesia use whitening cosmetics. It should be noted that the content of whitening cosmetics contains mercury and its derivatives. Pregnant women are exposed to mercury through the use of cosmetics and the consumption of seafood. The impact caused if accumulated in the placenta will cause neonatal neurodevelopmental risk. This study aimed to analysed the quantitative risk assessment of prenatal mercury exposure and neurodevelopmental risk.
Methods: The study design is an observational analytic with a cross-sectional study. Statistical analysis of Hg concentration in scalp hair samples was performed using SPSS software. The correlation between Hg concentration in scalp hair and skin whitening cosmetics was determined by chi-square correlation analysis, with p < 0.05 considered significant. The quantitative risk assessment (QRA) method analyses hazard identification, assessment exposure, hazard characterization, and risk characterization. The sample used was 20 pregnant women and 20 babies. The mercury concentration in the scalp hair of pregnant women and their babies will be examined in the BBLK Laboratory.
Results: The results of this study indicate that hazard identifications were mercury concentrations in the scalp hair of pregnant women is average of 7.04 (range 0.18-41.70 ppm, the mercury concentration in scalp hair is average of 0.71 (range 0.24-1.68), mercury whitening cosmetic is average 17.34 (range 3.5-86.0 ppm). Hazard characteristics are divided according to HBM 3 categories: normal at 60%, alert at 15%, and high at 25% for mercury concentration in pregnant women. In comparison, the baby concentration is divided into two categories: normal 70% and alert 30%. Risk characteristics found that around nine people, or 45% of babies, experienced the risk of neurodevelopmental symptoms, and mothers exposed to mercury had an impact on their babies.
Conclusion: This study highlights the occurrence of Hg in skin-whitening cosmetics and the accumulation of Hg in the human body through their application. There is a correlation between mercury in pregnant women's scalp hair and the mercury concentration in their babies. Babies exposed to mercury with alert concentration levels have a neurodevelopmental risk. Therefore, it is better not to use whitening cosmetics during prenatal periods because mercury exposure can affect the baby
Pengaruh Kebiasaan Membaca Terhadap Hasil Belajar Mata Pelajaran Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam Kelas X di SMA Muhammadiyah 9 Ujungpangkah Gresik: The Influence of Reading Habits on Learning Outcomes in the History of Islamic Culture Subject Class X at SMA Muhammadiyah 9 Ujungpangkah Gresik
No full textPenelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan mengetahui pengaruh kebiasaan membaca terhadap hasil belajar SKI kelas X di SMA Muhammadiyah 9 Ujungpangkah. Penelitian merupakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dan menggunakan desain eksperimen. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan melibatkan 35 peserta didik. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner pre-test dan post-test dan kemudaian di analisis dengan Uji T-Test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan angka p=0,000 atau p<0,005, sehingga H1 diterima dan H0 ditolak atau kebiasaan membaca memiliki pengaruh di dalam hasil belajar peserta didik pada mata pelajaran sejarah kebudayaan Islam di SMA Muhammadiyah 9 Ujungpangkah. Penerapan kebiasaan membaca pada mata pelajaran sejarah kebudayaan Islam sangat dibutuhkan untuk peserta didik agar peserta didik memperoleh banyaknya wawasan, pemahaman dan tercapainya pembelajaran sejarah kebudayaan Islam, dan peningkatan aspek kognitif
Monogami, Poligami dan Perceraian (Menurut Hukum Islam dan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan di Indonesia): Monogamy, Polygamy and Divorce (According to Islamic Law and Legislation in Indonesia)
No full textPada hakikatnya, berdasarkan ketentuan Undang-Undang Perkawinan, salah satu asas perkawinan adalah monogami, artinya seorang pria hanya boleh mempunyai seorang istri, dan begitu pula sebaliknya. Namun, karena Syariat Islam membolehkan, maka negara memberikan ruang untuk dapat menjalankan poligami, tentunya dengan persyaratan yang sangat ketat dan harus mendapatkan izin dari pengadilan serta mendapat persetujuan dari isteri pertama. Selain itu, ada ketentuan bahwa poligami bisa dilakukan manakala isteri sakit parah yang tidak ada harapan sembuh sehingga tidak bisa melayani lahir batin suaminya, atau isteri tidak bisa memberikan keturunan, sedangkan persyaratan dari pihak suami, selain harus memiliki kemampuan financial yang memadai, juga harus bisa berbuat adil. Poligami dalam Islam adalah sebuah solusi bagi kondisi darurat yang membuat harus berbuat demikian. Namun saat ini banyak kelompok maupun individu yang salah kaprah dalam memahami makna dari poligami. Ada beberapa alasan dari pemikiran yang menyimpang terjadi poligami saat ini di antaranya anggapan bahwa melakukan poligami karena mengikuti apa yang dilakukan Nabi Muhammad dan menganggap itu termasuk sunah rasul yang harus diikuti, padahal jelas Beliau melakukan poligami bukan dengan alasan biologis seperti yang kebanyakan terjadi saat ini. Kemudian penafsiran firman Allah yang tidak sepenuhnya, banyak orang yang tidak memahami sebab turunnya firman Allah tersebut. Selain itu, alasan lain juga karena jumlah perempuan yang lebih banyak dari laki-laki, padahal setelah diteliti ternyata jumlah laki-laki dan perempuan di dunia ini beda sedikit sekali. Untuk itu, salah satu upaya untuk menghindari perempuan dari upaya poligami adalah dengan membuat perempuan berdaya disegala bidang khususnya dalam bidang ekonomi. Jika perempuan berdaya secara financial, maka ia akan mampu menolak poligami dan akan lebih memilih bercerai. Berbeda halnya dengan perempuan yang lemah secara ekonomi, maka dia lebih memilih dipoligami dari pada harus diceraikan, mengingat selama ini dia sangat bergantung secara ekonomi terhadap suaminya, sehingga dia tidak tahu harus memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya dengan apa jika diceraikan suaminya