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Enhancing Social Competence for Disadvantaged Youth in Pre-Vocational Education: Model Development Through Design-Based Research
Get PDFThis study investigates the enhancement of social competence for disadvantaged young people based on the example of the Werkschule Bremen educational course. Theoretical approaches to social competence as a learning outcome are mainly based on the model of social information processing, although the meaning of both practical and experience-oriented approaches is constantly evolving. Taking the specific contextual conditions into account, this study combines qualitative and quantitative methods within the design-based research methodology in order to determine how a location-independent didactical concept to enhance social competence could be created as well as which comparable impacts on the participants' social competence can be verified. The results show that a basic didactical concept is feasible, while the teaching and learning environment has a huge impact on the comparability. It is also clear that the students' motivation to participate depends on both their own and their teachers' interest as well as the teachers' capacity to facilitate safe relationships. As a core result, this study delivers a didactic model that is based on target-controlled experience-oriented learning environments on the practical side and the social information processing approach on the theoretical side
Introduction : Jewish Gamevironments - Exploring Understanding with Playful Systems
Get PDFIntroduction to the special issue of the journal: Jewish Gamevironments. The author provides context for the special issue, describing trends and commonalities in current research in games, Judaism, and Jewish civilization. These include a concentration on games for learning and research on games and game design that is focused on bridge building between and among communities
Atlantic Water advection and glacier responses at the margins of Svalbard since the deglaciation
Get PDFAtlantic Water (AW) advection plays an important role in climatic, oceanographic and environmental conditions in the Arctic. Situated along the only deep connection between the Atlantic and the Arctic oceans, the Svalbard Archipelago is an ideal location to reconstruct the past AW advection history and document its linkage with local glacier dynamics. In the framework of this thesis, three sediment cores from the northern margins of Svalbard were chosen covering up to 15,500 years. Multi-proxy based reconstructions (applying benthic foraminiferal assemblages, sediment properties and geochemical tracers) revealed a rapid retreat of the ice sheet covering Svalbard during the deglaciation, closely connected to AW inflow. While conditions during the early Holocene were warmer than today when AW caused open waters and retreated glaciers, Arctic Water gained influence at the transition to the mid-Holocene, whereas glaciers re-advanced during the late Holocene
Die Funktionalität des selbstverletzenden Verhaltens bei adoleszenten Mädchen und jungen Frauen mit Essstörungen
Get PDFTheoretical background: Recent research shows that a significant proportion of girls and women with eating disorders have non-suicidal self-injurious behavior. Because of their frequent co-occurrence, it is to be assumed that self-injurious behavior fulfills important functions in the context of eating disorders. Despite the growing interest in self-injurious behavior in people with eating disorders in the recent years, little is known about these functions so far. Thus, it is still unclear whether there are differences between the various eating disorders in functionality of self-injurious behavior and which factors facilitate the use of the different functions. Moreover, the existence of eating disorder specific functions is not adequately clarified. Objective: The aim of the present work was to study the existence of eating disorder specific functions and whether girls and women with restricting anorexia nervosa, binging/purging anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder use self-injurious behavior with different frequency for affective regulation. Moreover, the extent to which eating disorder features facilitate the various functions of self-injurious behavior was analysed among girls and women with eating disorders taking into account depressive symptoms and borderline-typical cognitions. Methods: The study participants were 142 girls and young women from eating disorder clinics and residential groups diagnosed with restricting anorexia nervosa, binging/purging anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. Self-injurious behavior and its functions as well as eating disorder, depression and borderline symptoms were assessed cross-sectional by means of self-report questionnaires. Results: Bulimics and binge eaters hurt themselves significantly more often than restrictive anorectics, to reduce negative high-arousal emotions such as anger and rage. The existence of eating disorder functions, such as suppression of fear of gaining weight , could be confirmed. The striving for thiness, regardless of depression and borderline-thinking, promotes these special functions. It was found that functions of self-injurious behavior such as regulation of low-arousal emotions , self-punishment/expression of self-hatred , and anti-dissociation are facilitated by comorbid borderline-thinking patterns. The effect of socially prescribed perfectionism on the social functions is moderated by the experience of ineffectiveness. Conclusion: The functionality of self-injurious behavior differs among the different eating disorders. In particular borderline-typical thoughts facilitate the use of intrapsychic functions of self-injurious behavior in girls and women with eating disorders. In contrast, social functions are faciltated by the interaction of eating disorder features perfectionism and ineffectiveness. The primary symptom of eating disorder, in the form of strive for thinnes, presumably contributes to the development of self-injurious behavior for regulation of eating disorders
Validation of modeling approaches of heterogeneously catalyzed gas phase reaction processes by applying NMR imaging methods
Get PDFThis thesis describes the first application of conventional magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) as a validation tool for gas phase reactor models. For this purpose, techniques were developed that enable the in situ characterization of a model gas phase reaction process. These MRSI approaches allow concentration and temperature measurements inside operating catalyst beds which are considered difficult to measure by conventional, non-invasive methods. The system studied was the ethylene hydrogenation reaction catalyzed in a macroscopic nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-compatible fixed-bed flow reactor. Since NMR signals from the gas phase decay very rapidly, MRSI methods are required which allow fast data acquisition after NMR excitation. Thus, a multislice NMR spectroscopic imaging approach was optimized and implemented on a 7-Tesla NMR imaging system to realize ultrashort echo time TE. This method was used in a first approach to evaluate the applicability of MRSI to study gas phase concentrations within a packed bed reactor. The catalyst bed contained inactive Al2O3pellets and catalytically active Pt-Al2O3-pellets to enable the distinction of reactive and non-reactive zones. Spatial maps of the chemical composition could be extracted from the MRSI data sets and allowed the detection of single active catalyst pellets, as well as overall ethylene conversion. Simultaneous integral mass spectrometric (MS) measurements were in fairly good agreement with the MRSI measured concentrations. Building on these results, the multislice approach was extended and optimized to enable 3D MRSI measurements for the investigation of concentration distributions within opaque monolithic catalysts. The model reaction was catalyzed by a Pt-coated sponge packing or a honeycomb monolith (A : 25 mm; L: 50 mm). The 3D MRSI measurements allowed the determination of support structure depending concentration patterns and overall reaction progress. To prove the plausibility of the MRSI data, the experimental results were compared to a 1D model of the reactor based on kinetic data from the literature. Measured and simulated concentration profiles were in good agreement. Furthermore, a comparison with simultaneously performed integral MS concentration measurements demonstrated deviations below 5%. Finally, concentration mapping within the monolithic catalysts was combined with simultaneously detected temperature profiles. For this purpose, specially designed ethylene glycol filled NMR multipoint thermometers were inserted into the monolithic catalysts. The analysis of the ethylene glycol spectra enabled the detection of nearly continuous longitudinal temperature profiles. The results of the 3D MRSI measurements were compared to simulations of a predictive two dimensional model of the processes. Simulated and measured concentration and temperature profiles were in very good agreement, the deviations were below 9 %. Conventional MS measurements provided further evidence of the accuracy of the 3D MRSI measurements as well as of the 2D reactor model. These results demonstrate the great potential of 3D MRSI for studying heterogeneously catalyzed gas phase reactions within macroscopic tubular reactors, and supporting the development and validation of physically consistent reactor models
Ethikexpertise in öffentlichen Entscheidungsprozessen : Funktionaler Dissens in Ethikkommissionen als Qualitätsmerkmal ethischer Politikberatung
Get PDFIn modern democracies political decision makers are supported by professional public policy consultants. Due to complexity, time pressure and claims for academic reasoning ethics councils should give advice based on their ethical expertise. However, moral debates can be characterized by disagreement. Ethics councils should produce a functional dissent in order to fulfill their consulting mission on the one hand without the transgression of competences on the other hand
Towards Cognitive Social Machines for Bridging the Cognitive-Computational Gap in Creativity and Creative Reasoning
Get PDFThis position paper presents a view on bridging the cognitive-computational gap in the field of creativity, creative reasoning and problem solving. Starting from the levels of Cognition and Computation, their potential bootstrap is discussed in relation to the concept of Cognitive Social Machines. Five distinct aspects of bridging the cognitive- computational gap in creative reasoning using cognitive social machines are described and discussed in the creativity domain. These aspects refer to (i) building systems and models which solve creative reasoning tasks; (ii) computationally generated tools for a deeper understanding of cognition; (iii) cognitively-inspired processes and knowledge representation types; (iv) computational cognitive assistance, support and training and (v) evaluative informativity metrics for cognitive social machines
Tool Optimization for Dry Forming Applications - Optimized Surface Preparation of ta-C
Get PDFWithin this work, the development of roughness during vacuum arc deposition of ta-C thin films was investigated. By means of topography measurements of the plasma etching processes, adhesion layer- and ta-C deposition were investigated. These investigations were made for two materials tool steel 1.2379 and a stainless steel 1.4301 as well as different probe roughness. Material dependent differences in the ablation depth during the metal-ion-sputtering process are investigated. Furthermore the roughness of the samples after the deposition of a chromium adhesion layer is analyzed. From these investigations conclusions concerning an optimized probe roughness prior to the deposition can be made. Additionally the thin film preparation process and the pretreatment processes can be tuned for improved tribological coatings
Oberflächenfunktionalisierung des Werkstoffs 1.2379 mittels Randschichtumschmelzen mit Laserstrahlung zur Entwicklung von angepassten Oberflächentopographien für das schmiermittelfreie Kaltfließpressen von Aluminium
Get PDFIn Prozessen der Kaltmassivumformung wird ein direkter Kontakt zwischen Werkzeug und Werkstück und damit einhergehend das Auftreten von Kaltverschweißungen, durch den Einsatz von Schmierstoffen verhindert. Die aktuellen Forschungsaktivitäten auf dem Gebiet der Trockenumformung zielen auf eine Realisierung von Kaltumformprozessen ohne den Einsatz von Schmierstoffen. Stattdessen sollen Werkzeuge durch eine Oberflächenbehandlung und Beschichtung vor adhäsivem Verschleiß bewahrt werden. In dieser Arbeit wird eine Oberflächenfunktionalisierung des SPP-Referenzwerkstoffs 1.2379 mittels Randschichtumschmelzen mit Laserstrahlung zur Entwicklung von angepassten Oberflächentopographien für das schmiermittelfreie Kaltfließpressen von Aluminium vorgestellt. Dabei werden erstmals die Verfahren Laserpolieren und Laserumschmelzstrukturieren anhand des pulvermetallurgisch erschmolzenen Kaltarbeitsstahl 1.2379 untersucht. Dazu werden resultierende Oberflächentopographien mittels Weißlichtinterferometrie kontaktlos und hochauflösend vermessen. Darauf aufbauend erfolgen einerseits eine spektrale Analyse der Rauheit mittels phasenkorrektem Profilfilter und andererseits eine Analyse der erzielten Strukturhöhen mittels schneller Fourier Transformation. Abschließend erfolgt eine Beurteilung des Werkstoffes 1.2379 in Bezug auf Laserpolierbarkeit und Eignung zur Laserumschmelzstrukturierung. Insgesamt wird die Ausgangsrauheit für den Werkstoff mittels Makrolaserpolieren signifikant gesenkt und der Glanzgrad mittels Mikropolieren signifikant gesteigert. Ebenso werden mittels Laserumschmelzstrukturieren reproduzierbare Strukturen erzeugt, wobei die erzielten Strukturhöhen, denen auf anderen Stahlwerkstoffen entsprechen
Verzugsminimierung bei selektiven Laserschmelzverfahren durch Multi-Skalen-Simulation
Get PDFIn this work an effcient method for the prediction of residual stresses and distortions of parts generated by the additive manufacturing process Laser Beam Melting (LBM) is presented. The method allows to calculate the LBM build-up process at least 100 times faster than state-of-the-art approaches for realistic macroscopic components based on a structural Finite Element Analysis. The developed approach is based on the fact, that remaining strains cause the residual stresses within the part. These inherent strains can be derived by complex thermo-mechanical simulations on microscale. Based on the known stress and strain distribution during the process, scanning trajectories were optimized with respect to the reduction of end deformations, plastic strains and stresses during the build-up process. Based on the calculated displacements after the release from the baseplate, distortions can further be minimized by at least factor ten for one iteration if inverted displacements are back-mapped to the computer aided design. The combination of these two simulation driven methods leads to a nearly zero distortion fabrication while process stability rises