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Inklusion (er)lebbar machen : Perspektiven der Bewusstseinsbildung zur Förderung von Inklusion in der Stadt Oldenburg
Get PDFMit der Ratifizierung der UN-BRK in Deutschland 2009 wurde Inklusion als Menschenrecht anerkannt und das Ziel einer inklusiven Gesellschaft zur staatlichen Aufgabe. Als gesamtgesellschaftliches Rahmenkonzept bedarf es für die Umsetzung von Inklusion, neben der gesetzlichen Grundlage und der sukzessiven politischen Implementierung, vor allem den Rückhalt und die Bereitschaft zur Inklusion innerhalb der Gesellschaft. Wissenschaftliche Arbeiten zum Thema Inklusion in Deutschland fokussieren sich derzeit größtenteils auf die Zielgruppe der Menschen mit Behinderung und ihren Teilhabechancen. Nur wenig ist bislang über das Bewusstsein für Inklusion in der Bevölkerung oder, bei fehlendem Bewusstsein hierfür, über die Möglichkeit der Schaffung erforscht. Diese Masterarbeit versucht einen Beitrag dazu zu leisten, diese Forschungslücke zu schließen, indem Perspektiven der erlebnisorientierten Bewusstseinsbildung zur Förderung von Inklusion am Fallbeispiel der Stadt Oldenburg aufgezeigt werden. Hierfür setzt sich die Autorin, zunächst auf Basis einer Literaturanalyse, mit den Begriffen Inklusion und Bewusstseinsbildung auseinander und stellt sie in Beziehung. Die Gestaltung von Erlebnissen wird hier als Weg aufgezeigt, bestehende einstellungsbedingte Barrieren zur Inklusion zu überwinden. Verschiedene Theorien der Einstellungsänderung werden vorgestellt. Zur Prüfung dieser werden fünf Fallbeispiele auf Basis qualitativer Expertenbefragungen herangezogen und auf ihr Potenzial zur Bewusstseinsbildung hin analysiert. Die bisherigen Erkenntnisse und Bewusstseinsbildungsmaßnahmen der Stadt Oldenburg durch die Fachstelle Inklusion werden abgefragt und dargestellt. Danach folgt die Untersuchung des Bewusstseins für Inklusion in der Stadt Oldenburg durch eine quantitative Online-Befragung. Die Verfasserin kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass insbesondere erlebnisorientierte Bewusstseinsbildungsmaßnahmen, die inklusive Begegnungen fördern, Wissen über Inklusion und Exklusion emotional ansprechend vermitteln und einen Perspektivwechsel ermöglichen großes Potenzial haben, negative Einstellungen gegenüber Fremdgruppen abzubauen und damit Inklusion erlebbar zu machen. Zudem konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass die befragten Oldenburger innen zwar bereits über ein großes Wissen über Inklusion verfügen und inklusive Werte teilen, jedoch gegenüber Menschen mit Behinderungen, Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund und arbeitslosen Menschen exkludierende Vorurteile präsent sind. In den Handlungsempfehlungen an die Fachstelle Inklusion wird daher die Erstellung eines ganzheitlichen zielgruppenfokussierten Bewusstseinsbildungskonzepts angeraten
Benthic foraminiferal oxygen isotopes during the Last Glacial Maximum and last deglaciation : Paleoceanographic inferences from an isotope-enabled global ocean model
Get PDFEarth's climate system has been characterized by glacial-interglacial cycles over the last million years. Within the climate system, oceans play an important role, due to their large heat storage capacities and transport effects as well as being Eartha s largest carbon dioxide sink. The understanding and prediction of the past, present, and future climate change relies on reconstructions from climate proxies. A widely used paleoclimate proxy is the oxygen isotopic composition of foraminiferal calcite shells. It reflects both the temperature and the isotopic composition of seawater, due to the thermodynamic isotope fractionation that occurs during calcite precipitation. Besides being used to, e.g., illustrate changes in temperature and global ice volume as well as to identify past meltwater events or to reconstruct past seawater densities, it has been commonly used as a tracer to infer changes in Atlantic water masses associated with shifts in the ocean circulation. However, some uncertainties remain with this proxy, since its separation into its individual components regarding the temperature and isotopic composition of seawater is challenging. In this regard, an isotope-enabled ocean modeling approach can help to gain a better understanding of the oxygen isotopic signal recorded in foraminiferal shells and the causes of the observed variations under climate change. In this study, the three stable water isotopes H216O, H218O, and HDO were implemented into the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model, providing a tool, to directly compare to the wealth of the foraminiferal oxygen-isotope records and, thus, helping to infer water mass alterations due to changes in the thermohaline circulation under climate change scenarios. The stable water isotope scheme has extensively been evaluated against the modern isotopic composition of seawater on a global scale as well as against the oxygen isotope signal in foraminiferal calcite shells of plankton-tow data. The good agreement between the model and the observations implies that the here presented modeling approach can confidently be used for paleoceanographic and paleoclimatological related questions. Therefore, the ocean state during the Last Glacial Maximum was simulated to investigate the increase of the glacial-interglacial benthic oxygen isotope differences with water depth in the Atlantic Ocean. The smaller glacial-interglacial anomalies within the permanent thermocline are related to the glacial sea-level lowering of approximately 120 m, which brings the core locations closer to the surface. However, the enhanced glacial-interglacial anomalies in the deeper parts of the water column ( 2000 m) result from the expansion of the cold southern source water masses, implying that they are mainly temperature driven. Furthermore, this indicates that the enhanced vertical gradient at approximately 2000 m water depth corresponds to the glacial water-mass boundary in the Atlantic Ocean, coinciding with estimates as seen in benthic foraminiferal stable carbon isotope values. Under the influence of an additional freshwater flux into the North Atlantic Ocean an idealized Heinrich Event 1 model experiment was performed to investigate the causes for the decrease of the oxygen isotopic composition in benthic foraminifera in response to abrupt climate change and their resemblance with Antarctic ice-core records. Due to the freshwater perturbation the Atlantic Meridional Overturning circulation weakens, whereby a substantial warming within the intermediate water depths occurs. Thus, the oxygen isotopic composition corresponds almost entirely to an enhanced temperature signal, which is driven by an initial increase in horizontal heat transport followed by downward heat transport via vertical advection. Hence, the resemblance between the oxygen-isotope records in benthic foraminifera and Antarctic ice-core records is attributable to the modulation of Antarctic atmospheric temperatures and deep water temperatures by the strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning circulation. Quantifying the contribution of temperature and isotopic composition of seawater to the oxygen isotopic composition of foraminiferal calcite by using an isotope-enabled ocean model gives valuable findings and, thus, helps to advance the understanding and interpretation of this widely used proxy
Adaptive Wearable Navigation System for Visually Impaired and Blind People
No full textIn recent years there has been a major interest in the localization and guiding of people in indoor and outdoor environments. Different methods to accomplish this are available. The application of each can depend on the environment and on the precision of localization that is required. An important field of research is precise pedestrian localization, navigation, and guidance for visually impaired and blind people, often depending on other people. Available systems and technologies do not yet allow to navigate freely and independent. In Germany at least 500.000 people are visually impaired and 150.000 are blind . Worldwide around 246 million people are visually impaired and 39 million are blind (Resnikoff et al., 2004). Visually impaired and blind people navigate on a daily basis. To avoid obstacles, they use different tools for orientation and navigation. These tools are selected based on each individuala s residual vision capabilities, and own preferences. Tools and navigation aids such as the white cane, guide dog, guide person, or monocular if the remaining vision is sufficient, etc. are used. These tools are helpful and indispensable, but users still encounter many problems and insecurities, due to certain limitations. For example, the white cane can be interpreted as an extension of the arm and is used to touch the environment at an extended distance. This kind of information is trustworthy for the user and there is for now no other system or method that could supply this type of information in such a simple and reliable form. Nevertheless, the information provided by this tool is not enough for an efficient and safe navigation. The white cane can be used to detect known reference points or to avoid obstacles; it can be used as a guiding tool. A major problem visually impaired and blind people encounter, is exploring unknown environments. When they explore an environment, they usually need to be accompanied by a visually capable person explaining the environment. In this process, one searches for landmarks or reference points. These landmarks are later used to orientate. It needs a long period of adaptation until the person is able to move alone in a previously unknown environment. This should be improved with a so far not available electronic-based navigation system, which should localize and guide the user safely through indoor and outdoor environments. Available methods for pedestrian positioning are for example GNSS, field strength measurements (WLAN, GSM and Bluetooth), pedestrian dead reckoning PDR, and so forth (Beauregard, 2006). GNSSs are the main methods being used for outdoor localization. For a precise indoor localization GPS cannot be used due to attenuation and scattering of the signals (Beauregard, 2006). Preferred methods for indoor localization are the use of pre-installed indoor communication infrastructures, laser, radar, sonar, camera, motion sensors, etc. Assuming that not all buildings have a pre-installed communication infrastructure, the field strength measurement methods also cannot be used. For an independent precise indoor localization, it is crucial to perform sensor fusion (Beauregard, 2006). One goal of this work is to specify for indoor environments a wearable system that incorporates different localization methods and scans the environment that the blind person is exploring to construct a map while simultaneously the persons position is tracked. The collected data will be useful for later guiding this person throughout the explored environment. A further goal is to find out the properties a navigation system must have to aid visually impaired and blind people in a safe and efficient manner. In other words, we want to answer the following question: How do we guide blind and visually impaired pedestrians through an unknown environment if we have a precise outdoor and indoor localization system? Which factors have to be taken into consideration to guide the user by such a system. The primary hypothesis of this dissertation is that such a navigation system has to be precise. But, more importantly, has to be able to adapt to the user's needs and preferences. To ensure that the user is guided and arrives safely at the destination, the individual techniques a person uses have to be taken into consideration
DRIVE : Dynamic Runtime Integrity Verification and Evaluation
Get PDFCyberattacks have been rapidly gaining ground over the last few years, and there is an escalating conflict between those who develop new security techniques and those who develop new attacks that circumvent these countermeasures. This thesis presents a novel and holistic runtime protection technology that is based on a comparison of the binary code loaded and the memory image found during runtime. This approach rests on information data structures that are present in systems under attack. In particular, this thesis sets forth the background, design, implementation and evaluation of a memory protection concept at runtime and is based on an assessment of memory contents and meta information that are verified using trusted binary sources and policies. The results of this work demonstrate that the developed runtime protection technology is a suitable solution and an appropriate addition to further increase the overall security of systems used today
Zwischen Mehrarbeit und Entlastung - über Lehrer innenzusammenarbeit im Fremdsprachenunterricht
Get PDFIm Zuge der verschiedenen Entwicklungen an Schulen in der letzten Dekade ist die Koopera-tion eine zentrale Herausforderung fu r alle Akteur innen. Die verschiedenen Aktivitäten inner-halb des Lehrberufes sollen aufeinander abgestimmt werden, um Bildungsprozesse optimal zu fördern und ein ganzheitliches Lernen zu ermöglichen. Kooperation gilt daher als Gelingens-bedingung in der Unterrichts- und Organisationsentwicklung. Gemeinsame Ziele und Aufga-ben, gegenseitiges Vertrauen und ein Mindestmaß an Autonomie gelten als die drei Kernbedin-gungen einer funktionierenden Zusammenarbeit (vgl. Spiess 2004, S.199). Dieser Aufsatz be-fasst sich mit der intraprofessionellen Kooperation von Spanisch- und Französischlehrkräften innerhalb ihrer Fachteams. In einer qualitativen Studie im Rahmen der Masterarbeit wurde der Frage nachgegangen, inwiefern an der beforschten Schule eine Zusammenarbeit unter den Lehrkräften stattfindet, wie diese Zusammenarbeit ausgelegt werden muss, damit ein Mehrwert aus ihr entsteht und wann dieser Mehrwert entlastend wirkt. Mit Hilfe von Leitfadeninterviews wurden vier Lehrkräfte an einem Gymnasium befragt und die Daten mit der reflexiven Groun-ded Theory Methode ausgewertet
The Role of Electric Charge in Relativistic Accretion onto Compact Objects : an Analytical Approach
Get PDFThis thesis is dedicated to the discussion of the role of electric charge in relativistic accretion onto compact objects. Many high-luminosity phenomena in the observed universe can be traced back to accretion processes, in which electromagnetic fields play an important role. These fields are either produced within the accreted matter or they enter the stage as external fields like interstellar magnetic fields or fields, produced by the accreting object. The first part of the thesis examines the accretion process of hydrogen plasma onto a weakly charged black hole. An analytical model describes a stationary accretion process of dilute collisionless plasma from a rotating spherical shell onto a rotating and charged black hole. Within the model the test-particle approach is used in order to describe the plasma particle motion. The model is applied to analyze the influence of a realistic black hole net charge on plasma accretion. It is shown, that even very small black hole charges may have a non-negligible effect on the accretion process, as long as the electromagnetic field, created by the plasma, is still negligible. The inner and outer edge of the forming accretion disc strongly depend on the particle charge in the plasma. Four possible accretion disc configurations are analyzed in detail. The second part of the thesis concerns charged thick accretion discs around spinning compact objects, which are affected by an external magnetic dipole field. The situation is described in an idealized way by the Kerr metric and a magnetic dipole a test-fielda in Kerr spacetime. Pressure equations describe the charged fluid structures. The self-consistency of the model and integrability conditions of the pressure equations lead to restrictions on the fluid conductivity and the charge distribution in the structures. Previous publications discussed the limiting case of a non-rotating central object. Therefore the discussion focuses on the influence of the central objecta s spin on the existence and locations of the charged structures. Frame dragging effects result in the existence of rigidly rotating polar clouds, which do not exist in the non-rotating case. Counter-rotating equatorial tori are preferred over co-rotating ones in the case of a rapidly spinning central object
Homogenization of Thermoelasticity Systems Describing Phase Transformations
Get PDFThis thesis is concerned with the mathematical homogenization of thermoelasticity models with moving boundary describing solid-solid phase transformations occurring in highly heterogeneous, two-phase media. In the first part of this thesis, existence and uniqueness of weak solutions are established under the assumption that the changes in the geometry, which are due to the moving boundary, are given a priori. This is achieved after a transformation of coordinates to a fixed referential geometry. In addition, uniform a priori estimates are provided. Via an argument utilizing the concept of two-scale convergence, a corresponding homogenized model with distributed time and space dependent microstructures is derived. Quantitative error estimates measuring the accuracy and efficacy of the homogenized model are investigated. While such estimates seem not to be obtainable in the fully coupled setting, optimal convergence rates are proven for some special scenarios where the coupling mechanisms between the mechanical part and the heat part are simplified. In the second part, a more general scenario, in which the geometric changes are not assumed to be prescribed at the outset, is considered. Starting with the normal velocity of the interface separating the competing phases, a specific transformation of coordinates, the so-called Hanzawa transformation, is constructed. This is achieved by (i) solving a non-linear system of ODEs characterizing the motion of the interface and (ii) using the Implicit Function Theorem to arrive at the height function parametrizing this motion. Based on uniform estimates for the functions related to the transformation of coordinates, the strong two-scale convergence of these functions is shown. Finally, these results are used to establish the corresponding homogenized model
The anaerobic monoterpene metabolism in Castellaniella defragrans 65Phen
Get PDFThe betaproteobacterium Castellaniella defragrans 65Phen belongs to a handful of bacterial strains able to mineralize monoterpenes under anaerobic denitrifying conditions. It utilizes acyclic, monocyclic and bicyclic monoterpenes as sole carbon and energy sources. Whether C. defragrans uses parallel pathways for the degradation of the different monoterpene families or whether the metabolism of all its substrates is centralized in a single pathway was elucidated in this study. Monocyclic monoterpenes were formed from the bicyclic monoterpenes A A /--pinene, 3-carene and sabinene in cell cultures and in in vitro assays using cell lysates. This enzyme activity was stimulated by ATP and the first evidence suggested a membrane association. Transposon mutants and the proteome of bicyclic monoterpene-degrading cells supported that the cyclic monoterpene degradation pathway is used for the degradation of all monoterpenes in C. defragrans. Additional evidence was provided by the in vitro formation of monocyclic monoterpene intermediates from monoterpene alcohols. Here, the in vitro dehydration of A A /--terpineol and terpinen-4-ol was observed for the first time. This dehydratase activity together with a second alcohol dehydratase acting on linalool were partially purified and characterized. An anaerobic limonene dehydrogenase (CtmAB) was purified and characterized from limonene-grown C. defragrans. CtmAB is a heterodimeric enzyme and carries two tightly-bound flavins per dimer. CtmAB catalyzes the reversible anaerobic hydroxylation of limonene to perillyl alcohol. CtmAB reduced ferrocenium ions using several other monocyclic monoterpenes including those formed during acyclic and bicyclic monoterpene degradation. Thus, C. defragrans channels all monocyclic monoterpene dienes with a sp2-hybridized C1 atom via the limonene dehydrogenase into the monocyclic monoterpene degradation pathway for their mineralization. A novel efflux pump of the Resistance-Nodulation Division (RND) superfamily was analyzed to prove its function as a monoterpene detoxification mechanism in C defragrans. The RND transporter encoded by genes ameABCD is likely forming a proton gradient-dependent tetrapartite efflux complex. The deletion of genes ameABCD significantly reduced C. defragransa tolerance towards monoterpenes and increased intracellular accumulation of the fluorescent dye Nile Red. Thus, we suggest that AmeABCD is actively exporting monoterpenes and other non-polar substrates
Unkonventionelle Lewis-Paare zwischen der Lewis-Säure B(C6F5)3 mit sauerstoffatomhaltigen Lewis-Basen
No full textCurrent research focuses on the synthesis of stable disaggregated p-block element-oxygen compounds. It was shown that some of them are capable of binding the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. Furthermore, research has been conducted for more acidic BrA nsted acids, to be used in chemical synthesis and catalysis. Against this background this PhD thesis describes the Lewis acid induced disaggregation of dimeric antimony oxides (Ph3SbO)2 and 2,6-(Me2NCH2)2C6H3SbO 2 by B(C6F5)3 and the formation of Ph3SbOB(C6F5)3 and 2,6-(Me2NCH2)2C6H3SbOB(C6F5)3. In addition, it is shown that the BrAA nsted acidity of Ph2P(O)OH can be increased significantly by B(C6F5)3 resulting in the formation of the metastable acid Ph2(HO)POB(C6F5)3. Elimination of C6F5H by autoprotolysis gave rise to the eight-membered boraphosphinate ring Ph2POB(C6F5)2O 2. Furthermore, the reaction of Ph2PHO and B(C6F5)3 with (tht)AuCl provided the push-pull complex (C6F5)3BOPPh2 Au(tht) containing a zwitterionic a OPPh2Aua unit, being stabilized by a hard pulling Lewis acid and a soft pushing Lewis base. Finally, the formation of six adducts between B(C6F5)3 and archetypical alcoholates and carboxylates are described, e.g. Na(15-crown-5) CH3OAA B(C6F5)3 and Na(15-crown-5) HCO2AA B(C6F5)3