4242 research outputs found
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Migration von Kindern und Jugendlichen in der Geschichte der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Hinweise auf transnationale Mobilität
Full text linkDieses Arbeitspapier bietet einen kurzen Überblick über das bundesdeutsche Migrationsgeschehen, mit besonderem Fokus auf Aspekte transnationaler Mobilität bei Minderjährigen. Im Forschungs- und Entwicklungsprojekt TraMiS hat es die Funktion, den migrationspolitischen Hintergrund im zeitlichen Wandel und die aktuelle empirische Bedeutung des Themas zu verdeutlichen. In Ergänzung zum dominanten Narrativ, welches die neuere Migrationsgeschichte vor allem als Geschichte der Einwanderung nach Deutschland erzählt, wird der Blick besonders auf Abwanderung und Mehrfachmigration (Transmigration) gerichtet. Anhand von fünf ausgewählten Migrationspfaden werden Aufnahmebedingungen und Bleibeerwartungen für quantitativ bedeutsame Migrationsgruppen präsentiert (Aussiedler innen, Arbeitsmigrant innen, Unionsbürger innen, Bildungsmigrant innen und Schutzsuchende) und dabei gezeigt, dass im Regelfall nicht von Anfang klar ist, ob Zugewanderte auf Dauer bleiben dürfen und wollen. Zuletzt suchen wir in offiziellen Statistiken und quantitativen Studien nach Hinweisen auf die empirische Relevanz von transnationaler Mobilität bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
Sensor System for Autonomous Detection of Mold Spore Contamination
Full text linkAn autonomous sensor system for monitoring mold spore contaminations inside archives at desired time intervals is presented. Presence of airborne mold spores in the indoor environment not only damages organic material but it is also a potential threat to human health. To avoid this risk a sensor system for monitoring mold spore concentrations is of great importance. In this thesis, a mold sensor system with a replaceable bioreactor array for autonomous detection of the airborne spores has been investigated. The sensor system consists of a bioreactor cartridge to analyze the mold growth, an air sampling unit for distributing the mold spores into the bioreactors and a control unit to automatize the detection process. Each bioreactor is sealed with a sacrificial silicon nitride membrane, which can be opened on demand. Once activated, the membrane gets opened and the spores present in the air sample get in contact with the culture medium and start to germinate. The mold detection is performed by using an integrated approach of impedance and colorimetric principles
Science literacy in regard to the environment : issues and challenges
Full text linkThis dissertation analyzes different aspects of environmental literacy. It contains two interrelated research fields. The first research field comprises four studies and focuses on the environmental literacy of 15-years-old students in different counties based on PISA data. The second research field comprises two Delphi studies with experts of environmental education. These studies focus on the concepts, contexts and competences of environmental literate individuals, as well as teacher education aspects. The purpose of research is that in future raw material resources will be consumed faster than today. So, nowadays individuals who are sensitive to the environment are increasingly needed. Therefore, the concept of environmental literacy should be integrated in science education. Moreover, science curricula, textbooks, and teacher education should be revised to integrate the environmental literacy and to develop common universal value for nature, individuals and society. Due to these reasons, there is a need for comprehensive and detailed research on environmental literacy. In this dissertation, one of the aims is to determine the factors that influence the environmental literacy and to compare the environmental literacy of pupils in Germany, Singapore and Estonia. The second purpose is to identify the consensus of experts on environmental literacy to revise the definition and framework of environmental literacy. Finally, it aims to integrate the concept of the environment into teacher education and STEM education. STEM stands for Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics, and is a new science education (SE) reform approach in different countries. The first research field includes four studies based on PISA data. In the first research field, it is determined both a the factors that affect the environmental literacy of 15-year old students in Germanya , and a the change in the environmental literacy of German students from 2006 to 2015a , respectively (Study-1 and Study-2). The purpose of Study-3 is to a compare the variance of the main factors affecting the environmental literacy of fifteen-years-old students studying in Singapore, Estonia and Germanya . The aim of the study-4 is to determine both a the dimensions including a effects of family, teacher, student, and teachinga that influence the environmental literacya , and a the effects of environmental perceptions including a environmental awareness, environmental responsibility and environmental optimisma on science literacy (SL)a through using PISA data. In the second research field, it is aimed to reach the consensus of experts on the framework of environmental literacy (study-5) and to determine a what teachers should do to their experiences and qualifications as environmental STEM literate individualsa (study-6) based on responses within Delphi studies. Moreover, this research field demonstrates the necessity of integrating the concept of the environment into STEM education and into pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). Pragmatic Paradigm is adopted as philosophy. As research design, sequential mixed methods are used. In this process of dissertation, the first four studies are designed as quantitative research. After the quantitative studies, the 5th- and 6th-studies are carried out with the Delphi method which includes both qualitative and quantitative studies respectively. This method is an exploratory sequential mixed method approach. The inclusion of environmental literacy within the framework of international large-scale research might expand awareness of environmental literacy. Moreover, the integration of international large-scale research and qualitative research might contribute more to environmental literacy universally. In this way, revision and updating the environmental literacy within the educational system, which is continuously developing, might be realized more effectively. Finally, in further studies related environmental literacy, the factors that affect environmental literacy and framework of the environmental literature, which is obtained from experta s opinions should be also taken into consideration. In addition, the concept of the environment should be integrated into current education reforms especially STEM education and teacher education
Behandlungsmöglichkeiten chronischer Viruserkrankungen und ihre Auswirkungen auf das öffentliche Gesundheitssystem
Full text linkChronic diseases caused by various types of viruses are becoming an ever greater challenge for health care systems because of the associated costs they induce. In the context of this dissertation, the effects of new and innovative drugs on the German health care system are analyzed. The focus is on infections with HIV and the hepatitis c - virus. Medication is relatively new and extraordinary expensive for these diseases. A large number of pharmaceuticals have been approved in recent years. After a brief introduction to the status quo of the pharmaceutical market, chapter 2 descibes the infection with HIV, followed by the infection with HCV in chapter 3. Both chapters also deal with pharmaceutical methods, information about new drugs and their importance of treating the infection. The results of a data analysis based on the Arzneiverordnungs-Report show the influence of pharmaceutical companies on the choice of antiretroviral drugs by the treatment providers. Finally the thesis critically scrutinises methods providing a better health care situation for both the patientsa health and economically for the social insurance system
Playing America : An Introduction to American Culture through Video Games
No full textThis research report sketches one of our current projects - a textbook which approaches America (an imaginative construct more so than a geographic location) through video games. Thus, the intended outcome of this project is a ready-to-use primer to the key principles, myths, and beliefs that constitute America explained through the most relevant medium of the early twenty-first century - video games. Driven by the idea that the interactivity specific to video games facilitates student engagement, our textbook suggests a novel approach to engage with and understand both American Studies and American culture
Research Report on Curse the Fiends, Their Children, Too: Cultural Heritage and Subversion of Fictional Tropes in Bloodborne
No full textDirected by Hidetaka Miyazaki, From Software s multi-award winning 2015 action role-playing game Bloodborne was lauded for its game design and intriguing setting. Miyazaki as a creator frequently makes use of subversion of expectations established through narrative tropes to criticize and imbue the player s interaction with the game with more complex meaning than first appears. Although set in an entirely fictional world, Bloodborne draws explicitly on Catholicism, Gothic horror tropes and European architecture. However, these are then used to explore a specifically Japanese set of themes, with extensive use of Shinto and Buddhist ideas throughout. The use of Western symbols of cultural heritage also functions to interrogate these symbols for a Western audience, with the game explicitly invoking and then subverting recognizable iconography, destabilizing something initially presented as classic. By applying sociological literary criticism to the world and characters of Bloodborne, we are in the process of engaging with social and literary themes guided by a review of literature pertaining to both Japanese history and the roots of the Western iconography that the game draws upon to create its aesthetic. We are focusing on the various forms Japanese cultural heritage takes in Bloodborne, both as it is presented through game and visual design, and how those elements, in addition to its Western cultural elements are used to engage and interrogate Japanese cultural heritage
Sustainable rearing of crayfish in a recirculating aquaculture system using the example of Astacus astacus
Full text linkThe aim of this study was to examine the potential of a recirculating aquaculture systems for a sustainable culture and reproduction of a European crayfish species. Since the endangered Noble crayfish Astacus astacus formerly was a common food source in Europe it presents the economically most interesting native species and was selected for this study. The collaboration with an open pond farm was established to collect and deliver scientific comparative data about crayfish performance under almost natural conditions. Abiotic and biotic parameters like water conditions, growth, density and shelter requirements were recorded. The experiments aimed at establish comparative conditions in a recirculating aquaculture system in accordance with the restrictions of such an artificial system. Results showed that Noble crayfish can be cultured and reproduced in a recirculating aquaculture system. The reproduction under artificial conditions delivered best results using a five minutes salt bath (26.6% RAS, P = 0.015) and excellent hatch rates especially in comparison to open pond systems (100% RAS vs. 20% OPS). Crayfish demands can be answered with e.g. adequate feeds and shelter constructions even though these are not available on the market and have to be manufactured. In addition, stocking densities were increased to promising numbers (RAS 10 Krebse/mAA , OPS 1-2 Krebse/mAA ). Therefore, an economic culture of Noble crayfish in a recirculating aquaculture facility is possible in the long-term but primarily given the moderate growth performance of adult crayfish (RAS 0.78/1.33% SGR) and high investment costs not worthwhile for investors since more profitable and fast-growing species can be produced for the growing market. A polyculture of Noble crayfish and Red Nile tilapia showed the advantage of a co-culture as cleaning intervals are reduced due to finfish bioturbation and feed conversion is increased without a negative impact on growth (ANOVA, p 0.05). It can be summarized that recirculating aquaculture systems can successfully be used for reproduction and culture of Noble crayfish since they deliver high controllable and secure conditions, of especially for juvenile crayfish. The species requirements can be met even though there is space for improvements in e.g. feed composition and shelter design in regard to technical and economic limitations of recirculating aquaculture systems. The high investment and maintenance costs do not bear good prospects for a mono-culture even for the high value Noble crayfish but a polyculture is within the bounds of economic possibility and offers several advantages. For crayfish conservation actions and further scientific research recirculating aquaculture systems offer excellent conditions especially in the face of the threatening crayfish plague. Taking into account economic aspects of a crayfish culture based on this cost-intensive technique a combination of recirculating aquaculture systems together with more unsecure but convenient open pond systems seems the best compromise about safety and economic arguments to produce native crayfish for restocking purposes. The combination with an open pond system opens the opportunity to not even produce summerlings but adult crayfish at reasonable prices which are necessary for complete restocking actions
CVD diamond coating of forming dies with a homogenous coating thickness
Full text linkBall-on-plate tribometer tests have already shown that polished polycrystalline CVD diamond coatings in dry tribological contact with aluminium lead to low wear rates and a low coefficient of friction of 0.12. The possibility to coat the forming zone of forming dies was investigated in this study to evaluate the applicability of CVD diamond coatings for a tapering process of aluminium rods. The results are examined by laser-scanning confocal microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and cryofractures. CTF12D carbide grade dies with a height of 5 mm and an inner diameter of 7.8 mm could be coated with a laser-based plasma CVD process with a CVD diamond coating with a homogeneous thickness of 2.3 microm. The standard deviation of the coating thickness variation is only 0.1 microm in the entire forming zone. This was achieved by combining an etching process, a masked diamond nucleation, a specially fabricated rotating substrate holder and turning the die upside down after half the coating time so that the plasma flame enters through the other opening of the die
Development of a tool concept with selectively oxidised inserts for dry deep drawing
Full text linkIn order to manufacture sheet metal components with a reduced negative impact on the environment, dry metal forming gains more and more attention. The use of liquid lubricants has a negative impact on the environment, as those contain environmentally harmful additives that are not biodegradable. Furthermore, the production process becomes more complex by the use of these lubricants due to more required cleaning stages between the production steps for the components. One approach is the utilisation of selectively oxidised tool surfaces, acting as low friction separation layers between the tool steel and sheet metal surface. The friction reducing ability of alpha-Fe2O3 layers on tool steel has been shown in previous work. The present study deals with the development and design of a forming tool with removable selectively oxidised inserts with alpha-Fe2O3 coating for dry deep drawing
Astronomically-modulated climate-carbon cycle interactions in the cGENIE Earth System Model
Full text linkQuasi-periodic fluctuations of the Eartha s astronomical parameters define the amount and distribution of solar radiation received by the Earth and dominate the pacing of Eartha s natural climate variation on long timescales. Climate-state dependent environmental boundary conditions such as variations in the extent and stability of polar of ice sheets and sea ice, the large-scale ocean circulation and especially the carbon cycle have been shown to shape the response of Earth climate to astronomical forcing. In this study I investigate the mechanisms which allow the carbon cycle to respond to atmospheric CO2, and define the global climate response to the resulting climate state. I apply the cGENIE Earth System Model of Intermediate Complexity to simulate the interactions of the carbon budget and global climate on different timescales. Specifically, the model is applied on astronomical timescales in order to test the climate response to carbon cycle perturbations in past and future and climate-carbon cycle interactions under greenhouse climate conditions