International Journal of Cancer Therapy and Oncology
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Anti-tumor effects of interferon-beta cell therapy in murine model of melanoma
Get PDFPurpose: Recombinant interferon beta (IFN-β) has been used for a treatment of cancers. However, the efficacy of recombinant IFN-β is limited because of its short half-life and side effects. To overcome these problems, we focused on the efficacy of cell-based therapy (cell therapy) using IFN-β-producing cells in the treatment of melanoma.Methods: IFN-β-producing therapeutic cells were constructed by gene transduction using retrovirus vector. Anti-tumor effects of the cell therapy were investigated by a murine melanoma model.Results: IFN-β cell therapy significantly suppressed the proliferation of B16 melanoma in vitro and the growth of B16-derived tumor in vivo, accompanied with the activation of natural killer (NK) cells. IFN-β cell therapy did not show any systemic side-effects concerning hepatic dysfunction and bone marrow suppression.Conclusion: IFN-β cell therapy could be a candidate as a novel cancer treatment.
An Extremely Rare and Unusual Case of Retroperitoneal and Pelvic Metastasis from Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Vallecula
Get PDFWe report an extremely rare and unusual case of retroperitoneal and pelvic metastasis from primary squamous cell carcinoma of vallecula. Generally carcinoma oropharynx metastasizes to lungs, liver and bone while retroperitoneal and pelvic metastasis is rarely heard of. To the best of our knowledge this case is one of the scantly reported cases ever of this kind in the world. A 60-year-old male presented with dysphagia and hoarseness of voice of four month duration. Computed tomography (CT) scan face and neck showed growth right vallecula. Biopsy of lesion showed squamous cell carcinoma. Metastatic work up was negative. He received definitive chemo-radiation. Patient during follow up presented with dyspepsia, abdominal discomfort and weight loss. Whole body positron emission tomography (WB PET) scan revealed retroperitoneal and pelvic lymph node deposits which were confirmed as metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma by CT guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Patient was exhibited palliative chemotherapy but his general condition deteriorated and he finally succumbed to his metastatic illness. This case is being reported to highlight its extreme rarity, the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges it presented and its overall dismal prognosis
The role of CDK inhibitors in breast cancer therapy
Get PDFCyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent protein kinases CDK4/6 are part of RB-pathway which plays a very important role in the regulation of cell cycle progression and cell death. d-type cyclins associate with cdk4 and 6 to phosphorylate the Rb protein. Hyperphosphorylation of Rb promotes the release of the E2F family of transcription factors that then promotes entry into S phase through activation of key target genes. CDK inhibitors are proteins that suppress CDK-cyclin protein kinase activity in the G1 phase of the cell cycle and promote G1 arrest in response to environmental or intracellular signals. A literature search of these topics was performed through PubMed. Results from preclinical and early-stage clinical trials support the efficiency of CDK inhibitors such palbociclib, abemaciclib and ribociclib for the treatment of human cancers - including breast cancer. The first-in-class CDK4/6 inhibitor, which significantly extended PFS in combination with endocrine therapy in the first and subsequent lines of treatment for steroid receptor -positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer is Palbociclib. Other inhibitors (abemaciclib, ribociclib) are still in clinical trials and are a very promising group of drugs
Digit ratio (2D:4D) is associated with breast cancer
Get PDFPurpose: Digit ratio (2D:4D) has been considered as a proxy biomarker for prenatal hormonal exposure and may represent an individual’s predisposition to breast cancer. The purpose of the present study is to investigate whether there is a link between digit ratio and breast cancer in a Brazilian population.Methods: Digital measurements of the lengths of the index and ring fingers of both hands were obtained from women with breast cancer (n = 100) and age-matched controls (n = 100) using a digital Vernier calliper. Mean digit ratios of right hands, left hands, and right minus left hand 2D:4D (DR-L) were compared between both groups. Data were analysed by the Student's t-test for unpaired samples, Mann-Whitney test, and Spearman`s correlation with a significance level of 5%.Results: The patients with breast cancer presented significantly higher right and left 2D:4D (both p < 0.001) and higher DR-L (p = 0.032) than controls. Among breast cancer cases, there was a significantly negative correlation between left 2D:4D and age diagnosed with breast cancer (p = 0.018).Conclusion: Digit ratio offers a valid retrospective biomarker of action of prenatal hormones and might be associated with breast cancer risk and age at onset of breast cancer. It suggests that higher exposure or sensitivity to prenatal oestrogen might be associated with a higher risk of breast cancer and with earlier onset of the disease
Novel strategy for the development of radioresistance breast cancer cell line
Get PDFPurpose: Fractionated radiation dose therapy is a routine procedure for the breast cancer treatment. However, despite of continuous improvement, tumor recurrence occurs in high proportion of the patients. There is a need of suitable radioresistance cell line system to study the properties of tumor recurrence. But, developing a radioresistant cancer cell line is a time requiring process. It requires a multiple radiation dosages for a period of three to four months. The present study aims for the new strategy to develop a radioresistant breast cancer MCF-7 cell line.Methods: The cells were exposed to 4Gy dosage of ϒ rays prior to 10Gy dose and subjected for clonogenic assay. The cells survived in the clonogenic assay were pooled and named as RR-MCF-7. These cells were subjected to Bcl-2 analysis, apoptotic assay and LDH assay.Results: Developed cell line, RR-MCF-7 showed enhanced expression of Bcl-2 protein, which resulted in the declined apoptotic cell percentage. Though there was destabilization in the membrane of the irradiated cells, there was no significant difference observed in LDH level. Cloning efficiency of the 10 Gy exposed cells was found to be more when it was given a 4 Gy of prior dosage. The cells survived with this dosage showed the resistant character.Conclusion: The approach followed in the current study for developing radioresistant cell line has reduced the time and dose requirement, also succeeded in obtaining resistant characters in it.
A method for verification of treatment times for high-dose-rate intraluminal brachytherapy treatment
Get PDFPurpose: This study was aimed to increase the quality of high dose rate (HDR) intraluminal brachytherapy treatment. For this purpose, an easy, fast and accurate patient-specific quality assurance (QA) tool has been developed. This tool has been implemented at Bahawalpur Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology (BINO), Bahawalpur, Pakistan.Methods: ABACUS 3.1 Treatment planning system (TPS) has been used for treatment planning and calculation of total dwell time and then results were compared with the time calculated using the proposed method. This method has been used to verify the total dwell time for different rectum applicators for relevant treatment lengths (2-7 cm) and depths (1.5-2.5 cm), different oesophagus applicators of relevant treatment lengths (6-10 cm) and depths (0.9 & 1.0 cm), and a bronchus applicator for relevant treatment lengths (4-7.5 cm) and depth (0.5 cm).Results: The average percentage differences between treatment time TM with manual calculation and as calculated by the TPS is 0.32% (standard deviation 1.32%) for rectum, 0.24% (standard deviation 2.36%) for oesophagus and 1.96% (standard deviation 0.55%) for bronchus, respectively. These results advocate that the proposed method is valuable for independent verification of patient-specific treatment planning QA.Conclusion: The technique illustrated in the current study is an easy, simple, quick and useful for independent verification of the total dwell time for HDR intraluminal brachytherapy. Our method is able to identify human error-related planning mistakes and to evaluate the quality of treatment planning. It enhances the quality of brachytherapy treatment and reliability of the system
High Impact Papers from April – June, 2015
Get PDFHigh impact papers from a particular Issue are selected based on the quality of the article and the number of citations. High impact papers are typically recognized once the Issuecompletes the publication time period of 12 months.Following articles are recognized as High Impact Papers from April - June, 2015:Vazquez-Quino L, Huerta-Hernandez C, Calvo O, Deweese M. Evaluation of a novel reference chamber “stealth chamber” through Monte Carlo simulations and experimental data. Int J Cancer Ther Oncol 2015; 3(2):3222. DOI: 10.14319/ijcto.32.22Read Download Narayanasamy G, Feddock J, Gleason J, McGarry R, Molloy J. CBCT-based dosimetric verification and alternate planning techniques to reduce the normal tissue dose in SBRT of lung patients. Int J Cancer Ther Oncol 2015; 3(2):3218. DOI: 10.14319/ijcto.32.18Read Download Adams B, Herold M, Ferstl E, Choi J, Zhu S, Bogdanov V, El-Rayes B, Sun A, Liotta D, Snyder J, Shoji M. Anticancer effects of monocarbonyl analogs of curcumin: Oxidative stress, nuclear translocation and modulation of AP-1 and NF-κB. Int J Cancer Ther Oncol 2015; 3(2):3219.DOI: 10.14319/ijcto.32.19Read Download (High impact papers from July-September, 2015 will be recognized in the next Issue of the IJCTO
Imatinib in PDGFR positive malignant solitary fibrous tumour of the pleura
Get PDFIn 2013, two cases of malignant solitary fibrous tumours (MSFTs) were diagnosed in Malta. Both were inoperable at presentation. Both tumours expressed platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) with no mutations and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib was prescribed. Nonetheless, treatment was not as effective as documented in previous case-reports
Independent absolute dose calculation using the Monte Carlo method on CT-based data
Get PDFPurpose: The accuracy of delivered dose is essential to the quality of radiotherapy treatment and tumor response. Generally, there are many types of dosimeter have been used to verify the dose from the treatment; however, most of these dosimeters are impractical for clinical situation. The goal of this study was to assess an absolute dose derived from the Monte Carlo (MC) method for the so-called 6- and 10-MV photon beams obtained from Varian Clinac 2100C linear accelerator.Methods: The deposited doses have been calculated by the EGSnrc code system and, then, were converted into the absolute doses. We were also measured, in water phantom, by an ionization chamber and, in the chest region of Rando phantom, by a thermoluminescense dosimeter (TLD).Results: The simulated data in water phantom agree with the results from both the measurement and previous studies within 2%. By comparing the absolute dose at various positions within the Rando phantom from two-opposing irradiated fields, the difference from MC calculation and TLD measurement was within 2%. Unfortunately, the calculated doses obtained from the collapse cone convolution (CCC) algorithm showed notable difference from that of the MC method. For the interface region within the provided field, it was higher than that from the MC method by almost 5% for the 6-MV and 7% for the 10-MV photon beam.Conclusion: Our findings indicated that the MC method was on the level with the measurement for the dose determination, especially within the delivered field to a heterogeneous phantom
Adenoid cystic carcinoma of lung: An oncologic rarity treated with definitive chemo-radiation
Get PDFAdenoid Cystic Carcinoma is a rare variant of adenocarcinoma originating mainly from salivary glands of the head and neck region distributed throughout the upper aerodigestive tract with a propensity for perineural invasion. Primary adenoid cystic carcinoma of lungs is exceedingly rare accounting for a mere 0.04 to 0.2 percent of all pulmonary neoplasms. The existing scant case reports about this lung malignancy mostly describe small lung lesions managed with upfront surgery followed by adjuvant radiotherapy. We hereby present this case of primary lung parenchymal pathology where the disease was treated with definitive chemo-radiation and to the best of our knowledge; this case is one of the rarest and earliest reports of upfront chemo-radiation in an inoperable primary lung parenchymal ACC. A 43-year-old woman presented with complaints of cough, severe dyspnea, right sided chest pain associated with occasional hemoptysis. Radiographic imaging of thorax showed a large mass lesion with smooth margins measuring 10.2 × 7.3 × 6.8 cm right lower lobe with invasion of adjacent vital structures. Image guided biopsy and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the diagnosis. She was eventually treated with definitive radiotherapy with concurrent chemotherapy as she was deemed inoperable. Post therapy evaluation by imaging showed a partial response to chemo-radiation, however there was significant symptomatic relief. In view of CD 117 positivity, she has started on oral imatinib mesylate. Presently she is on follow up with a karnofsky performance status of 90%. A thorough review of literature also reveals that our case may be the largest adenoid cystic primary parenchymal pulmonary pathology ever reported