International Journal of Criminology and Sociological Theory (IJCST - York University)
Not a member yet
143 research outputs found
Sort by
From individual to shared responsibility for financial crime
Full text linkAnalysing individual acts committed by financial criminals requires not only addressing the collective perception of individual responsibility but also the need for shared responsibility in the fight against financial crime. Given that financial crime impacts both on the functioning and financing of society, this paper highlights the need to explore the far-reaching implications of every criminal act. Engaging the necessary resources to effectively and collectively combat this scourge cannot be achieved if analysis is restricted to the nature of criminal acts and motives of the perpetrators
Power Consciousness of Security Operatives: The Bane of Inter-Agency Feud in Nigeria
Full text linkOne of the greatest security challenges Nigeria has to contend with in the 21st century is the repeated cases of violent inter forces clashes in some cities. Most of these clashes involved the personnel of the Nigerian Army and Nigeria Police. The problem made crime control extremely difficult due to lack of synergy between the security operatives. Consequently, the security situation has become porous in recent times, while the nation has been tagged one of the insecure nation of the world and thus tends to scare investors. Adopting the Group Conflict and Culture and Agency theories as background, the study which utilized the qualitative and quantitative methods of data gathering was conducted in four locations (clusters) in Lagos where the clashes have frequently occurred in the recent past. Although, factors such as economic poverty, neglect, gross indiscipline, ignorance, etc., featured prominently as causes, the study further discovered that the consciousness among officers that enormous power and or authority is conferred on them without any institution charged with oversight functions made the aforementioned factors to manifest. It is therefore recommended that civilian oversight on the police and all policing agencies be intensified if security of lives and property of Nigerians must be achieved
The application of criminological theory to a Japanese context: Power- control theory
Full text linkThe present study investigates the applicability of power-control theory in explaining the gender discrepancy in deviance and delinquency in Japan, a patriarchal society. Conceived by Hagan and his colleagues, power-control theory attempts to explain gender differences in criminality and suggests that occupational patriarchy is responsible for this gender discrepancy in crime. Within a Japanese context, the findings reveal that the gender difference in common delinquency is only significant within more patriarchal households and is non-significant in less patriarchal households. These results are more distinct than the previous results from a Canadian sample, meaning that power-control theory may be more applicable to more patriarchal societies like Japan than to more egalitarian societies like Canada
Towards a New Sociology of Genetics and Human Identity
Full text linkThe intention here is to contribute towards metatheoretical development as part of the post-Postmodern ‘return to’ sociological theory and method associated with Sibeon [2004, 2007], Layder [2004, 2007], Mouzelis [1991, 1993, 1995, 2007], Archer [1995, 1998] and Owen [2006a, 2006b, 2007a, 2007b, 2009, 2012], in tandem with an attempt to build bridges between the social and biological sciences in the form of an ontologically-flexible, Genetic-Social framework with which to study issues pertaining to genetics and identity. This involves marrying aspects of anti-reductionist sociological theory with selected insights from evolutionary psychology and behavioural genetics in a similar fashion to Owen’s [2012] recent attempt to do so in relation to crime and criminal behaviour. Selected meta-constructs from the framework are applied to selected examples from the literature on genetics and identity in order to demonstrate the explanatory potential. The term, Genetic-Social is favoured here in order to distance the conceptual toolkit’s approach from that of hardline Sociobiology
The Rationalization of Social Services in Greece in the framework of European Social Policy
Full text linkThe new European policies of employment and social protection are based on the strategy for the use of human resources and Social Capital taking into account the quantitative but mainly the qualitative factors that presuppose a developmental social policy. In parallel, they activate and improve specific human capital, by providing it with the ability to make the most of an autonomous or cooperative productive participation, creating surplus itself and contributing with its own occupation to the redistribution policy. In this way, the function of the social cohesion is enhanced in the various fields of actions’ application, while the social policy, social protection and solidarity obtain a new dynamic character, contributing essentially to the increase of the developmental capabilities in geographic areas with the contribution of the individuals that until today hadn’t had any participation in production
The Effects of Emotional Exhaustion on Prison Employees’ Job Satisfaction and Personal Accomplishments
Full text linkThis study investigates the effects of emotional exhaustion on job satisfaction and constraints of personal accomplishments of prison employees who work in the maximum and medium security prisons. Specifically, this study attempts to determine the amount of variation that can be explained in the job satisfaction and personal accomplishment, the main dependant variables, by using the emotional exhaustion as the main predictor, controlling for the effects of a selected number of demographic characteristics of prison employees. The data for this study were collected from three prisons in the State of Indiana - one maximum security prison and two medium security prisons. The results that emerge in this study suggest that emotional exhaustion accounts for eighteen percent of variation in the job satisfaction among prison employees, and about eight percent of the variation in the constraints of personal accomplishments
The Determinants of the Shadow Economy: The Case of Greece
Full text linkThis paper aims at assessing the relative importance of various factors as key determinants of the size of the shadow economy in a sample of OECD countries. Using panel data for a group of 19 countries for the 2003 – 2008 period, we find that the quality of governance, the regulatory framework in the product, labor and credit markets and the tax burden both in the sense of the direct cost on entrepreneurial activity and the cost of compliance to the tax administration framework, are the most important factors affecting the part of the economic activity that takes place outside the official sector, that is the shadow or underground economy. These results are used to evaluate the potential gains Greece could obtain, in the case it could converge to the best practice or even to the average levels of the determining factors of the rest of the OECD countries
Policing and Mental Illness in the era of deinstutionalisation and mass incarceration: A UK Perspective
Full text linkThe policy of deinstitutionalisation, a progressive policy aimed at reducing the civic and social isolation of the mentally ill, did not achieve its utopian aims. Wolff (2005)/Moon (2000) argue that the Asylum has been replaced by fragmented, dislocated world of bedsits, housing projects, day centres or increasingly prisons and the Criminal Justice system. This shift has been termed “transinstitutionalisation”. This incorporates the ideas that individuals live in a community but have little interaction with other citizens and major social interactions are with professionals paid to visit them. Other social outcomes such as physical health, which can be used as measures of citizenship or social inclusion, are also very poor. Kelly (2005) uses the term “structural violence” – originally from liberation theology to highlight the impact of a range of factors including health, mental health status and poverty that impact on this group. This paper will explore one aspect of this process – the impact on policing, particularly the assessment of mental health issues in the custody setting. The paper is based on research projects carried out with two police forces in the North West of England. Both the Police and Criminal Evidence Act ( PACE 2004) and the Mental Health Act (2007) provide police officers with powers in relation to the arrest and detention of individuals experiencing mental distress. In addition, this legislation provides greater protections to individuals experiencing mental distress if they are interviewed by the police in connection with an alleged offence. The research uses Chan (1996)’s application of bureaucratic field and habitus to policing to explore ways, in which, the impact of mass incarceration and deinstitutionalisation have led to the increased marginalisation of the mentally ill
“Dead Cities, Crows, the rain and their Ripper, The Yorkshire Ripper”: The Red Riding Novels (1974, 1977, 1980, 1983) of David Peace as Lieux d’horreur
Full text linkThis article explores the role and importance of place in the Red Riding novels of David Peace. Drawing on Nora’s (1989) concept of Lieux de mémoire and Rejinders’ (2010) development of this work in relation to the imaginary world of the TV detective and engaging with a body of literature on the city, it examines the way in which the bleak Yorkshire countryside and the city of Leeds in the North of England, in particular, is central to the narrative of Peace’s work and the locations described are reflective of the violence, corruption and immorality at work in the storylines. While Nora (1984) and Rejinders (2010) describe places as sites of memory negotiated through the remorse of horrific events, the authors agree that Peace’s work can be read as describing L’ieux d’horreur; a recalling of past events with the violence and horror left in
Normlessness and Seeds of Criminality in Kashmir: A Social Analysis
Full text linkBoth crime and criminal have become the focus of attention in the present day Kashmiri society. It is a regrettable fact that we have not so far undertaken comprehensive macro and micro level studies of crimes in Kashmir which could have facilitated a better understanding of its causes and effects and help to devise proper remedial measures. It is evident from the facts that normlessness is the main cause of criminality in any state. So is true with the Kashmiri society. This research paper has the special focus on normlessness as the causative agent of criminality in Kashmir which is also validated by the empirical findings. The crimes in the state had been divided into three major sections with special attention on militant violence