International Journal of Criminology and Sociological Theory (IJCST - York University)
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The Study of Influence of Faulty Parenting and Substance Abuse on Rape, Sodomy and Murder by Using Projective Test
Full text linkThe impact of family conflict and faulty parenting leads to conduct disorder and personality disorder. The role of early parenting plays an important role in the personality development of the individual. Any type of maladjustment in the family prone the adolescent towards the asocial /antisocial activity, The rate of crime in adolescent have increased because of various such factors. One of the major problems in today’s scenario is conduct problem. The present paper is a case study, which discusses this aspect. Master R, is a 13 year old boy who had absconded from home due to family distress and strained relationship in family. He also felt harassed by his step father. He was in the habit of stealing and later he got addicted to psychotropic substance. He had started inhaling the tube because of which felt aroused sexually. The boy is reported to be involved in the murder of 2 year old child after the inhalation of the substance used for repairing of tyre/tubes of vehicle. He was referred to psychological assessment to know the causes behind it and to help him. The psychological profile was developed based on the police record, postmortem report, interview and psychological test of the accused
The Criminology of Cyber Stalking: Investigating the Crime, Offenders and Victims of Cyber Stalking
Full text linkUnderstanding the elements and parties of each offense, including the offender and the victim, is the first step to tackle a crime. Cyber stalking is one of the most widespread crimes in the cyberspace. Despite substantial similarities between traditional harassment and cyber stalking, there are some diversities between these two forms of crime in terms of perpetration and their instances. These differences have caused cyber stalking to be doubly harmful compared to its traditional style. Emails, chat rooms, online social networking include tools and platforms for perpetration of this offense. The findings of this study suggest that most perpetrators of this crime are male and most victims are women. The most significant reason of this can be due to poor performance of criminalization process. Therefore, it is recommended that criminal legislation applies differential approaches and more severe penalties against cybercrimes against women in the cyberspace
Interpersonal Violence and Social Networks in the Neoliberal Era: Exploring the Argentinean Case
Full text linkDuring the 1990s and up to the initial years of the 21st century Neoliberal policies in Latin America produced growing levels of poverty and unemployment associated with growing crime rates. By combining an historical perspective with social disorganization theory this paper aims at analyzing how neighborhood social networks in deprived urban areas intervened in this process. The combination of an historical perspective with the social disorganization approach (diachronic and synchronic perspectives that have usually been treated separately), brings new insights. Firstly, it allows dimensioning the changes in forms of internal cohesion in relegated urban enclaves and their association with interpersonal violence that have seldom been measured in the Latin American context. Secondly, locating social networks and their association with delinquent behavior as part of historical process constitutes a revealing test to the traditional tenets of social disorganization theor
Community and Law Enforcements in Preventing Elderly Abuse – Critical Analysis on Human values in India
Full text linkNowadays people are confined with life style of stress, adjusted and isolated dramatically to the progressive dimension of stressful life in working condition, property, status, wealth. On the other end somewhere people are being suppressing the humanistic approach of the natural human tendencies, humanity and human values. Socialization makes man civilized, but some sort of attitudes is forcing society into innumerous social problems. In that, violence’s, abuses are undoubtedly mixed up as a part of the livelihood. In that main concern on elderly abuse and neglecting old people is terribly considered to be violence against elders. The gerontology and its values are more concern in recent development. The 21st century is designated as “Century of elderly person”. There are various reasons to know about the elderly people and their problems also their condition, physically, socially, economically, and psychologically. The role of Law enforcements is to work for prevention of violence by influencing and implementing various legal factors in order to prevent also in order to look upon the conditions. The present existing laws in regardence with elderly abuse ,and other form of domestic violence’s and their present impact on the society, preventive measures and break down of human values are critically made analysis, discussed in this paper by various secondary sources like reports of institutes, surveys and also in consideration of existing law and community services
The Expansion of ICT: A New Framework of Inclusion and Exclusion from the Global Realm
Full text linkThe proliferation of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and their interaction with certain social systems, led to the emergence of the phenomenon of globalization. Globalization lays on a technological infrastructure that makes it possible, by minimizing the time needed for communication and inter-systemic interactions. This also, has led to a strong support of the global financial system to the ICT industry, so that the latter can provide faster applications at any level of networking, thus putting both globalization and the ICT industry in an accelerating mutual development. This paper, examines the problems certain social systems face into this new environment, due to the structural coupling of those systems with a technological backbone that functions as a system of inclusion (and thus exclusion as well) of those social systems which do not conceive of the ICT as a prerequisite for their own continuation. That situation is challenging the political subsystems, as to their ability to govern the social systems through their way towards a global society. The paper initially presents the state of globalization in a brief way and next introduces some of the basic concepts of contemporary systems theory. At the rest parts, we examine the problems posed to the basic social system-reconstituting functions by the “real-time” communications global network and finally we introduce some preliminary thoughts about the ways the political system (or any other management system for the matter) can try to solve those problems
HIV/AIDS Awareness: A Scheduled Caste-Based Study of University Students
Full text linkThe epidemic disease AIDS is stepping into its fourth decade has become a pandemic/ deadly disease that threatens not only India but the world population. The last two decades witnessed a global initiative to extend the outreach venture of spreading awareness of AIDS to each and every human being who was yet outside the fold of education. The paper tries to enhance HIV/ AIDS awareness among the university students and an attempt has been made to know their information and attitude towards HIV/AIDS, which has threatened humanity globally. Though the study is based on a small sample size, results have great scope for policy implications. As the various roles performed by mass media and educational institutions can create a great awareness and prevention of the disease
Losing the Utility of the Responsibility to Prevent: the confines of international law and focus on genocide prevention
Full text linkThe Responsibility to Protect (R2P) norm has spawned a lot academic literature since its formulation in 2001. The focus of these has mainly been on the responsibility to react, the second of the tri-partite continuum that makes up the R2P norm. This is undoubtedly due to the controversial nature associated with military action. This preoccupation ignores the importance of the initial step of R2P – the responsibility to prevent. This is compounded by the fact that presently prevention is mostly focused on the prevention of genocide. This is problematic because state practice in relation to the prevention of genocide usually is to ensure that genocide is occurring before prevention begins. This detracts from R2P’s equal theoretical treatment of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and ethnic cleansing – vastly different crimes. It is my contention that the present level and nature of focus on prevention in international law would undermine the utility of R2P as an instrument to be used by the international community. An individual state’s compliance with R2P within its borders is easy to evaluate; it is in the extra-territorial exercise of R2P that problems arise. This article aims to examine the responsibility to prevent by dissecting the component crimes of R2P and their prevention, examining prevention through the overarching lens of disciplines in international law and the various practicalities that impede prevention. The inclusion of the prevention gross human rights violations in the ambit of R2P is examined as an answer to the difficulties addressed
A Statistical Study on Women’s Perception on Violence against Women in Puducherry
Full text linkViolence against women is a crucial topic of discussion in all the countries in the world. Violence against women is classified mainly as physical, sexual and psychological violence. In India, in spite of government’s policy to overcome this problem, violence against women is predominant. The National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) report on violence against women in Puducherry shows that very few incidents are actually reported. The main focus of present study is to know the opinion on violence against women and remedial measures from the women above 18 years of age in Puducherry. Socio-economic characteristics of the respondents are also reported in this paper. The main factors influencing the occurrence of violence against women are also explored using statistical techniques
A Socio-Instrumental Pragmatism View for Strengthening Sales Representatives Productivity in B2B Face-to-Face Sales Interaction System
Full text linkThis paper examined the possibility of an extension of Lind’s and Goldkuhl’s (2005) and Goldkhul (1998) conceptualization of business transaction (in terms of Business Action Theory, B.A.T.), in order to examine the value of a socio instrumental pragmatism view of communication actions for B2B face-to-face sales interaction system. Such an approach allowed us to introduce clear propositions for strengthening sales representatives’ productivity. First, it attempted to do this by categorizing 42 (forty-two) identified empirical papers of the last decade (2000-2010) into Lind’s and Goldkuhl’s assumptions for B.A.T. in order to view communication as action. These assumptions were directly and implicitly equated with the assumptions and best practices of B2B face-to-face sales interaction system. Second, the occurrence of each category was presented in three (3) sections; the paper provided some summary points and interpretive claims. The discussion section assessed the extent to which these points and claims have addressed the stated aim of the paper, it reviewed whether the claims were unique in relation to existing literature and explored some implications and future possibilities
Kurt Cobain’s Suicide Note Case: Forensic Linguistic Profiling Analysis
Full text linkForensic linguistics is the branch of the linguistics study which investigates legal text in crime. From its point of view, forensic linguistics is really helping the court or police or law attribute in investigating criminal case. Aspects of linguistics plays important role when it deals with legal texts such as suicide note. We can use the aspects of linguistics in investigating suicide text in order to see the proposition of the victim referred to suicide, the real motives of writing that letter or reveal what are the intentions of that suicide letter by using the branch of linguistics like phonology, semantic, pragmatics, discourse approaches, etc. The data is taken from Kurt Cobain suicide note which he left before he died. The aimed of this research is to identify the genuineness of his suicide note and also to figure out the motives of the subject dealing with suicide. Furthermore, this research tends to make the authorship profiling of Kurt Cobain based on the lexical which contain negative meaning that are related to his psychological