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Design of computer aided automatic system fixator and analysis of the effect of biomaterials on the design
Get PDFİnsan vücudunun şeklini oluşturan ve hareket etmesini sağlayan kemikler, yaşamın temel fonksiyonlarının yerine getirilmesinde kritik bir rol oynar. Ancak kemikler, düşme, çarpma, burkulma veya aşırı yüklenme gibi dış kuvvetler sonucunda kırılabilir. Kırılma sonrası kemik bütünlüğünün bozulması, hareket kısıtlılığına, günlük aktivitelerin yerine getirilememesine ve hatta ciddi şekilde yaşam kalitesinin düşmesine neden olur. Bu nedenle, kemiklerin doğru bir şekilde iyileşmesi ve tekrar yük taşıyabilecek sağlamlığa kavuşması büyük önem taşır. İyileşme sürecini desteklemek ve kemikler arasında doğru kaynamayı sağlamak için de fiksatör cihazları kullanılmaktadır. Fiksatörler, kemiklerin doğru hizalanmasını sağlayarak kaynama sürecinde stabil bir ortam oluşturur ve aynı zamanda kemiklerin deformitelerinin düzeltilmesi ya da uzatılması (distraksiyon osteogenezisi) gibi işlemlerde kullanılır. Distraksiyon osteogenezisi, kemiğin cerrahi olarak uzatılmasını ve yeniden şekillendirilmesini mümkün kılan bir tekniktir. Ancak manuel olarak çalışan fiksatörlerin kullanımı sırasında, uygulama hataları, kullanıcıya bağlı performans değişiklikleri ve uzun süreçlerde hassasiyet kaybı gibi sınırlamalar ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu sınırlamalar, özellikle kemik fragmanlarının stabilitesini sürekli olarak doğru bir şekilde koruma ihtiyacını zorlaştırmaktadır. Bu nedenle, manuel fiksatörlere alternatif olarak daha hassas ve kullanıcıdan bağımsız bir otomatik sistem geliştirilmesi gerekliliği doğmuştur. Bu çalışmada, femur kemiğine uygulanan distraksiyon osteogenezisi sürecinde kemik fragmanlarının stabilitesini sağlamak ve manuel çalışan fiksatörlere bir alternatif olarak otomatik bir fiksatör tasarımı geliştirilmiştir. Tasarımlar, SolidWorks 2021 yazılımı kullanılarak oluşturulmuş, ANSYS 2023 R1 yazılımında ise çeşitli yükleme senaryoları altında statik analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Analizlerde kullanılan femur kemiği ile fiksatörün geometrik ve malzeme özellikleri dikkate alınmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, fiksatörün femur kemiğiyle entegrasyon etkinliğini, yük taşıma kapasitesini ve olası yapısal zayıflıkları değerlendirmek için kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak tasarlanan yeni fiksatör sistemi, kemik deformitelerinin düzeltilmesi veya uzatılması gibi işlemlerde manuel sistemlere kıyasla başarı oranını %16,40 artırmaktadır.The skeletal structure, which shapes the human body and enables movement, plays a critical role in performing essential life functions. However, bones are susceptible to fractures caused by external forces such as falls, impacts, twists, or excessive loading. Following a fracture, the disruption of bone integrity can lead to mobility limitations, the inability to perform daily activities, and even a significant decline in quality of life. Therefore, ensuring the proper healing of bones and their restoration to a load-bearing state is of great importance. Fixator devices are commonly used to support the healing process and promote proper bone union. By maintaining correct alignment of the bones, fixators create a stable environment during the healing process. They are also employed in procedures such as correcting bone deformities or lengthening bones through a process known as distraction osteogenesis. Distraction osteogenesis is a surgical technique that facilitates the lengthening and reshaping of bones. However, the use of manually operated fixators has limitations, including application errors, user-dependent performance variations, and a loss of precision over prolonged treatment durations. These challenges make it difficult to consistently maintain the stability of bone fragments. Consequently, there is a growing need for an alternative to manual fixators in the form of more precise and user-independent automated systems. This study focuses on the design of an automated fixator as an alternative to manual systems, specifically for ensuring the stability of bone fragments during distraction osteogenesis applied to the femur. The designs were created using SolidWorks 2021 software, and static analyses under various loading scenarios were conducted using ANSYS 2023 R1 software. The geometric and material properties of both the femur bone and the fixator were considered in the analyses. The obtained data were utilized to evaluate the integration efficiency of the fixator with the femur, its load-bearing capacity, and potential structural weaknesses. The results indicate that the newly designed fixator system increases the success rate in procedures such as correcting bone deformities or lengthening compared to manual systems, achieving a 16.40% improvement
The effect of skill training on visual reaction time, dynamic balance, explosive force and speed in 9-10 year old soccer players
Get PDFBu çalışmanın amacı, futbolda 8 Haftalık beceri gelişimi antrenmanlarının, reaksiyon zamanı, dinamik denge, patlayıcı kuvvet ve sürat özelliklerine etkisinin incelenmesidir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, 9-10 (9,5±0,5 yıl) yaşlarında en az 1 yıl futbol eğitimi almış erkek sporcular çalışma (n: 40) ve kontrol (n: 40) grubu olacak şekilde rastgele yöntemle 2 eşit gruba ayrılmıştır. Her 2 gruba da reaksiyon zamanı, dinamik denge, patlayıcı kuvvet ve sürat özelliklerini belirleyici ön test ve son testler aynı zamanda yapılmıştır. Reaksiyon zamanı tespiti için seçmeli görsel reaksiyon, denge için dinamik denge, patlayıcı kuvvet için dikey sıçrama ve sürat için 30 m sprint koşusu testleri yapılmıştır. Sporculara yapılan reaksiyon zamanı testi, 8 sparklı ayarlanabilir ahtapot kol görsel reaksiyon cihazıyla, dinamik denge ölçümü, ayarlanabilir yaylı sistem denge cihazı ile patlayıcı kuvvet testi, sıçrama matı üzerinde dikey sıçrama ile dijital ölçüm yoluyla, 30 m sürat ölçümü ise fotosel cihazları kullanılarak tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma süresince 2 grup da futbol kulüp antrenmanlarına devam ederken, çalışma grubuna ayrıca 8 hafta süre ile beceri gelişimi eğitimleri yaptırılmıştır. Bu eğitim programı, 8 hafta boyunca haftada 2 gün 1 saat olacak şekilde uygulanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, 8 hafta süre ile uygulanan beceri eğitimlerinin, sürat değerlerinde çalışma grubunun lehine, ön testten son teste anlamlı yönde geliştiği saptanmıştır (p0,05). Araştırma sonucunda çalışma ve kontrol grupları arasında anlamlı bulunan sürat değişkenindeki anlamlı fark nedeniyle, antrenörlere, 9-10 yaş gruplarındaki futbolcularda özellikle sürat çalışmalarına önem vermeleri tavsiye edilir.The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 8-week skill development training on reaction time, dynamic balance, explosive strength and speed in soccer. For this purpose, male athletes aged 9-10 years (9,5±0,5 years) with at least 1 year of football training were randomly divided into 2 equal groups as study (n: 40) and control (n: 40) groups. In both groups, pre-test and post-tests determining reaction time, dynamic balance, explosive strength and speed were performed at the same time. Selective visual reaction for reaction time determination, dynamic balance for balance, vertical jump for explosive strength and 30 m sprint run for speed tests were performed. Reaction time test was determined with 8-spark adjustable octopus arm visual reaction device, dynamic balance measurement, explosive force test with adjustable spring system balance device, vertical jump on a jumping mat by digital measurement, and 30 m sprint measurement was determined using photocell devices. During the study period, while both groups continued their football club training, the study group also received skill development training for 8 weeks. This training program was applied 2 days a week for 1 hour for 8 weeks. As a result of the study, it was determined that the skill training applied for 8 weeks significantly improved the speed values in favor of the study group from pretest to posttest (p0,05). Due to the significant difference in the speed variable between the study and control groups, it is recommended that coaches should give importance to speed training especially in 9-10 years old soccer players
UAVs monitoring of open-pit mining site rehabilitation in mountainous forest areas: the case of the Turkey-Western Black Sea Region
Get PDFBackground: Mining has a long history and significantly impacts national economies, but it also causes considerable environmental damage. Forest areas are particularly affected, and sustainable management practices are essential for natural resource utilization. Effective rehabilitation of openpit mining sites is crucial before, during, and after mining operations This study focuses on the rehabilitation process of an open-pit mining site located at the boundary of mountainous forest areas. Landform (slope geometries) measurements and boundary checks were conducted using the UAV-based PPK method. UAV flights were conducted at two different times over a period of approximately seven months. Orthophoto images and DEMs from both flights were used to measure slope width, height, and angle, and to monitor boundary violations during the rehabilitation process. The calculation of slope geometry values was performed using ArcGIS software. Results: Results indicate that the quarry area expanded by 1,044 m2, its perimeter increased by 25 meters, and the slope grade changed over the seven months. According to the results of the first and second flights, the average slope width, height, and angle were 7.39 m, 12.45 m, and 83.46 degrees, respectively, in the first flight, and 16.09 m, 13.33 m, and 40.48 degrees, respectively, in the second flight. Additionally, no boundary violations of the quarry were detected. Conclusions: The UAV-based PPK method effectively prevented data loss in rugged and difficultto-access quarry areas. This study demonstrates that public administration can use UAV systems to monitor and control rehabilitation works during and after mining activities
Enhancing automatic generation control in renewable energy-integrated thermal power systems with a novel PID+Iλ controller tuned by INFO algorithm
Get PDFElectrical systems need to balance generation and demand to ensure that customers are supplied with safe and high-quality electricity. Failure to maintain this balance may result in unwanted frequency oscillation and, accordingly, tie-line power variation. Automatic generation control (AGC) is an important mechanism for controlling system responses and keeping them within predetermined bounds. Integrating renewable energy sources (RESs) into the grid can be complicated due to their erratic and weather-dependent nature, leading to imbalances in generation and consumption. To reduce these disparities, this study focuses on developing a novel proportional-integral-derivative (PID)+I-lambda controller for the AGC in a two-area thermal power system utilizing wind turbines and photovoltaic (PV) panels as renewables. For achieving the best possible performance, the controller parameters are optimized using the weighted mean of vectors (INFO) algorithm. Simulation studies are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed controller under different load demands and RES scenarios. Comparative studies are also conducted to evaluate the true efficacy of the INFO-tuned PID+I-lambda controller against some published control schemes available in the literature. It is found that our proposal outperforms its rivals in mitigating the unwanted system oscillations, lessening the overshoot/undershoot, and shortening the settling time of frequency and tie-line power responses
Comparison of the Efficacies of Sacrospinous Ligament Fixation and Laparoscopic Lateral Suspension in the Treatment of Apical Prolapse: 24-Month Follow-Up Results
Get PDFBackground: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) significantly impacts the quality of life, particularly in older women with a history of vaginal deliveries. Although conservative treatments provide some symptom relief, surgical interventions are more effective for managing POP. This study compares the outcomes and effectiveness of sacrospinous ligament fixation (SSLF) and laparoscopic lateral suspension (LLS) surgeries in the treatment of POP.Methods: This retrospective comparative cohort study included patients with symptomatic stage 2 or higher apical POP, treated at a tertiary hospital in Turkey between April 2021 and June 2022. Patients were treated with either SSLF or LLS surgeries and underwent preoperative and postoperative evaluations using the Prolapse Quality of Life (P-QoL) questionnaire and the Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ-12). Patients were divided into two groups: SSLF (n = 47) and LLS (n = 44). The primary outcome was the rate of anatomical failure, while secondary outcomes included improvements in functional capability and quality of life.Results: The study found that the rate of postoperative anterior compartment failure was significantly lower in the LLS group compared to the SSLF group (p = 0.005). The success rate of LLS for apical prolapse was 100%, compared to 93.6% for SSLF. In the posterior compartment, SSLF demonstrated a higher success rate (86.2%) than LLS (68.5%). Both procedures improved P-QoL scores and the PISQ-12 subscales; however, a significant improvement in total PISQ-12 scores was observed only in the LLS group (p = 0.009).Conclusions: Both SSLF and LLS are effective in treating POP and enhancing quality of life. However, LLS demonstrated higher success rates for anterior and apical prolapse, while SSLF was more effective in addressing in posterior compartment defects
Exploration of stagnation-point flow of Reiner-Rivlin fluid originating from the stretched cylinder for the transmission of the energy and matter
Get PDFThis research focuses on non-Newtonian stagnation-bioconvective point flow near a stretched cylinder along the Reiner-Rivlin model. The study incorporates thermal and mass transfers, considering thermodynamic diffusion, bioconvection, and viscous heating. Entropy production analysis is included to assess the inherent uncertainty in transport processes. The computational framework is developed under prescribed wall temperature and concentration conditions, which are essential for achieving self-similar solutions. Numerical findings are collected using MATLAB's bvp4c technique. The numerical outcomes are validated by comparing them with solutions for specific parameter values. The impact of curvature on boundary layer behavior is investigated for a range of governing parameters. For Reiner-Rivlin fluids, the skin friction coefficient is calculated to determine the force exerted by the straining cylinder. Additionally, a rise in the Reiner-Rivlin fluid factor causes a reduction in the surface cooling rate. Mainly the flow patterns observed by considering the quantity of parameters as 2.0<3.5, 1.2<1.5, 0.5<0.8, 0.2<0.8, 0.1<0.4, 0.1<0.7, 7.5<8.5, 0.5<0.8 on all profiles.European Union [CZ.10.03.01/00/22_003/0000048, TN02000025]National Centre for Energy II and ExPEDite project a Research and Innovation action to support the implementation of the Climate Neutral and Smart Cities Mission projectEuropean Union's Horizon Mission Programme [101139527]Taif University, Saudi Arabia [TU-DSPP-2025-03]This article has been produced with the financial support of the European Union under the REFRESH - Research Excellence For Region Sustainability and High-tech Industries project number CZ.10.03.01/00/22_003/0000048 via the Operational Programme Just Transition, project TN02000025 National Centre for Energy II and ExPEDite project a Research and Innovation action to support the implementation of the Climate Neutral and Smart Cities Mission project. ExPEDite receives funding from the European Union's Horizon Mission Programme under grant agreement No. 101139527. The authors extend their appreciation to Taif University, Saudi Arabia, for supporting this work through project number (TU-DSPP-2025-03)
The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the work experience of professionals working in social service centers: the case of düzce province
Get PDFBu araştırmanın temel amacı, Türkiye'yi ve tüm dünyayı farklı yönleriyle derinden etkileyen Covid-19 Pandemisinin sosyal hizmet merkezlerinde çalışan meslek elemanlarının iş deneyimlerine olan etkisini Düzce İli örneği üzerinden anlamaya çalışmaktır. Çalışmada, Covid-19 Pandemisi, sosyal hizmet merkezi, meslek elemanı gibi kavramlara ilgili yasal mevzuat ile yer verilmiştir. Çalışmanın alan uygulaması Sosyal Hizmet Merkezi olup görüşmeler, Düzce Aile ve Sosyal Hizmetler İl Müdürlüğüne bağlı Düzce Sosyal Hizmet Merkezinde gizlilik esaslarına uyularak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Görüşmeler mülakat şeklinde yapılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda meslek elemanlarında görev yapmış/yapmakta olan 15 meslek elemanı ile görüşülerek veriler elde edilmiş ve değerlendirilmeye alınmıştır. Mülakat sonucunda, her bir meslek elemanının Covid-19 pandemisi sürecindeki iş deneyimleri, pandemi süresinde yaşadıkları olumlu/olumsuz iş tecrübeleri, mesleki yaşantılarına olan katkıları değerlendirilmiştir. Mülakat sonuçları doğrultusunda; Covid-19 pandemisinin çok yönlü bir süreç olduğu, bu süreçte sosyal hizmet merkezinde görev almış olan meslek elemanları için diğer meslek alanlarına göre farklılıklar gösterdiği açıklanarak konuya katkı sunacağı düşünülen öneriler üzerinde durulmuştur.The main purpose of this study is to try to understand the impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic, which deeply affected Turkey and the whole world in different aspects, on the work experiences of professional staff working in social service centers through the example of Düzce Province. In the study, concepts such as Covid-19 Pandemic, social service center, professional staff are included with the relevant legal legislation. The field application of the study is the Social Service Center and the interviews were conducted in Düzce Social Service Center affiliated to Düzce Provincial Directorate of Family and Social Services in compliance with the principles of confidentiality. Interviews were conducted in the form of interviews without audio recording. Data were obtained and evaluated by interviewing 15 professionals who had served or currently serving in the profession. As a result of the interview, the work experiences of each professional staff during the Covid-19 pandemic, their positive / negative work experiences during the pandemic, and their contributions to their professional lives were evaluated. In line with the interview results; it was explained that the Covid-19 pandemic is a multifaceted process, and that there are differences for the professionals who have worked in the social service center in this process compared to other professional fields, and the suggestions that are thought to contribute to the subject were emphasized
A comparative study of Turkish and Italian business cultures in the context of Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory
Get PDFKüreselleşme, ekonomik ve kültürel sınırların giderek ortadan kalktığı bir dünyada işletmelerin uluslararası bağlamda faaliyet göstermesini kaçınılmaz hale getirmiştir. Günümüzde işletmeler, yalnızca finansal ve teknik yetkinliklere değil, aynı zamanda farklı kültürel bağlamları anlama ve bu bağlamlara uyum sağlama becerisine de sahip olmak zorundadır. Bu durum, işletme yönetiminde kültürün oynadığı rolü daha kritik bir hale getirmiştir. Geert Hofstede'in Kültürel Boyutlar Teorisi, farklı kültürlerin işletme yönetimi üzerindeki etkilerini anlamak için geliştirilmiş önemli bir çerçeve sunmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Geert Hofstede'in dört temel boyutu bağlamında, Türk ve İtalyan işletmelerinin kültürel benzerlik ve farklılıkları karşılaştırarak, o işletme kültürünün içinde çalışanların farklı kültürlerle etkileşime girdiği zaman nasıl bir tepki verebildiğini ve işletmenin farklı bir kültürde nasıl faaliyet gösterdiğini incelemek; yönetim biçimlerini, liderlik stillerini ve organizasyonel yapılarındaki kültürel farkların iş süreçlerine nasıl etki ettiğini ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmada desen olarak çoklu örnek olay analizi benimsenmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı ve yöntemine uygun olarak, araştırma evreni, Düzce Ticaret ve Sanayi Odası'na kayıtlı ve faaliyet gösteren 105 ihracatçı işletmeden oluşmaktadır. Ticaret odasına kayıtlı toplam 105 ihracatçı işletme arasından, 5 İtalyan ve 5 Türk işletme kriterlerini karşılayan işletmeler ile görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Görüşme tekniği olarak yüz yüze yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme kullanılmıştır. Toplanan veriler, betimsel analiz ve içerik analizi yöntemleri kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Çalışmada, Hofstede'in Kültürel Boyutlar Teorisi çalışmasında analiz edilmiş olan Güç Mesafesi, Belirsizlikten Kaçınma, Dişillik ve Erillik, Bireycilik ve Kolektivizm gibi 4 kültürel boyutun kapsamında İtalyan ve Türk işletmelerin örgütsel yapıları ve yönetim tarzları incelenmiştir. Araştırma bulguları Türk işletme kültüründe güç mesafesinin yüksek, belirsizlikten kaçınmanın daha düşük, dişil ve kolektivist bir yapısının olduğunu göstermiş; İtalyan işletme kültüründe ise güç mesafesinin Türk İşletme kültürüne göre daha düşük, belirsizlikten kaçınma seviyesinin Türk işletme kültürü ile benzer şekilde daha düşük, dişil ve daha kolektivist bir yapısının olduğu göstermektedir. Anahtar Sözcükler: Kültür, Örgüt Kültürü, Hofstede, Türk İşletme Kültürü, İtalyan İşletme KültürüGlobalization has made it inevitable for businesses to operate in an international context, where economic and cultural boundaries are gradually disappearing. Today, businesses must not only possess financial and technical competencies but also develop an understanding of different cultural contexts and adapt accordingly. This necessity has rendered the role of culture in business management more critical than ever. Geert Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions Theory provides a significant framework for understanding the impact of different cultures on business management. This study, within the framework of Geert Hofstede's four primary cultural dimensions, compares the cultural similarities and differences between Turkish and Italian businesses. It investigates how employees within these business cultures respond to cross-cultural interactions and how organizations adapt their operations in different cultural contexts. Furthermore, it explores the impact of cultural differences on management styles, leadership approaches, and organizational structures, highlighting their influence on business processes. The analysis is conducted based on four key dimensions: power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism vs. collectivism, and masculinity vs. femininity. A multiple case study design was adopted as the research method. The study population consists of 105 exporting companies registered with the Düzce Chamber of Commerce and Industry. Among these, five Italian and five Turkish companies that met the selection criteria were included in the research. Data were collected through face-to-face, semi-structured interviews. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and content analysis methods. The findings indicate that Turkish business culture is characterized by a high power distance, lower uncertainty avoidance, and a more feminine and collectivist structure. In contrast, Italian business culture exhibits a lower power distance compared to Turkish business culture, a similarly low level of uncertainty avoidance, and a more feminine and collectivist orientation
Evaluation of the diversity among the service tree (Cormus domestica L. Spach) accessions grown in the Seben (Bolu, Türkiye) region based on fruit traits and bioactive compounds
Get PDFThe study was conducted to evaluate the diversity based on fruit traits and biochemical composition of the service tree accessions growing naturally in the Western Black Sea region of T & uuml;rkiye. A wide variation was determined regarding the traits investigated among service tree accessions. In the service tree accessions, fruit weight varied between 4.90 and 10.33 g, and fruit size ranged from 19.72 to 27.49 mm. Vitamin C was determined between 4.86 and 76.40 mg 100 g-1. Total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity (according to DPPH and FRAP assays) ranged from 82.4 to 1749.1 mg 100 g-1, 34.8 to 497.1 mg 100 g-1, 1.42 to 20.98 mmol kg-1, and 7.68 to 61.28 mmol kg-1, respectively. Catechin, caffeic, epicatechin, and rutin were determined as major individual phenolics. Principle component analysis revealed that traits investigated could effectively explain the variability among service tree accessions. The first three components explained 56.6% of the total variation. These findings highlight the rich genetic diversity of local service tree accessions and their potential for use in future breeding and conservation programs.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK)Open access funding provided by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK). This research received no external funding
Fractional integral approaches to weighted corrected Euler-Maclaurin-type inequalities for different classes of functions
Get PDFIn recent years, a wide variety of integral inequalities, including Newton-type, Simpson-type, and corrected Euler-Maclaurin-type inequalities, have been extensively studied, particularly in the framework of fractional calculus using Riemann-Liouville or conformable fractional integrals. Among these, fractional corrected Euler-Maclaurin-type inequalities have emerged as a valuable tool due to their improved approximation capabilities. In this study, we focus on developing weighted corrected Euler-Maclaurin-type inequalities for different classes of functions using Riemann-Liouville fractional integrals. To achieve this, we first derive a key integral equality with the aid of a positive weighted function, providing the foundation for the primary outcomes. Through the use of this integral equality, we prove new inequalities for differentiable convex functions, bounded functions, Lipschitzian functions, and functions of bounded variation. Also, for better explanation, we offer some examples together with their matching graphs. Moreover, these findings extend previous results. Consequently, the study clarifies the significance of corrected Euler-Maclaurin-type inequalities and suggests opportunities for further exploration