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Forecasting of Türkiye's net electricity consumption with metaheuristic algorithms
Get PDFThis study advances the literature by integrating and benchmarking five state-of-the-art metaheuristic algorithms to forecast T & uuml;rkiye's net electricity demand using linear and exponential models: artificial ecosystem-based optimization (AEO), grey wolf optimizer (GWO), particle swarm optimization (PSO), artificial bee colony (ABC), and Harris Hawks optimization (HHO). While metaheuristic optimization methods have been utilized in energy forecasting, this study distinguishes itself by employing the novel AEO algorithm, which has demonstrated superior performance to traditional methods in similar domains, thereby contributing a fresh perspective to electricity demand forecasting. All algorithms were trained using data from 1980 to 2009, incorporating population, gross domestic product (GDP), installed power, and gross generation variables, and tested with data from 2010 to 2019. Statistical metrics (R2, MAPE, MBE, rRMSE, and MAE) were used to evaluate algorithm performance. This study projects an annual growth rate in net electricity consumption ranging from 2.14 % to 2.59 %, with cumulative increases by 2050 ranging from 92.63 % to 120.75 %. These findings underscore the importance of proactive energy investment planning to mitigate potential economic challenges arising from significant increases in electricity consumption
Determination of Carbon Footprint: Düzce University Konuralp Campus
Get PDFClimate change, one of the most important problems of our age, is a problem that needs an urgent solution as soon as possible. Mathematical models of climate support this idea. With the results of mathematical models related to climate change, it is aimed to predict effects such as increase in the average surface temperature of the planet, rise in sea level, more frequent and intense natural disasters, decrease in water resources, and imbalances in ecosystems. This study was carried out with the aim to emphasize the possible effects of climate change with mathematical models and encouraging people to take action on this issue and to take appropriate measures to minimize the negative consequences. For this reason, this study was presented to calculate the carbon footprint of Düzce University Konuralp Campus with the IPCC methodology Tier1 approach. The amount of carbon footprint was found to be 4.781.841 tons of CO2. As a result of this analysis, the investment cost of solar energy usage has been calculated since the solar energy availability in the region is appropriate. This study was conducted to draw attention to sustainable campuses and to lead the transition from sustainable campuses to sustainable cities
AIRSDN: AI based routing in software-defined networks for multimedia traffic transmission
Get PDFWith the rapid increase in internet usage and the number of network-connected devices, network management and optimization have become increasingly challenging, particularly for high-bandwidth applications such as video streaming. The decentralized structure of traditional networks and the lack of standardization further complicate these challenges. Software Defined Networking (SDN) has emerged as a solution, enabling a more flexible and programmable architecture by centralizing network control. However, existing SDN controllers typically determine the optimal path based on simple metrics such as hop count and bandwidth, which can be insufficient in high-traffic scenarios. To overcome these limitations, this study proposes a novel artificial intelligence (AI)-based routing algorithm. Operating within the SDN framework, the proposed algorithm analyzes network traffic levels and dynamically selects the most efficient data transmission paths. The proposed algorithm is simulated in Mininet, a virtual network environment, using a network model inspired by real-world internet structures (NSFNET). Simulations are conducted under varying traffic conditions, with TCP (Transport Control Protocol) data and video transmission scenarios. Key performance metrics are observed, including round-trip time (RTT), throughput, packet loss, and video quality (measured using PSNR and SSIM). The machine learning model was trained using a custom dataset consisting of 876 records generated in the Mininet environment. Although the dataset size is sufficient for the simulation environment, caution should be exercised when generalizing the results to real-world network conditions. Future studies may aim to enhance the model's reliability by exploring data augmentation techniques and utilizing larger datasets that include real-world data. To classify traffic levels, machine learning models are trained, and the best-performing model (Logistic Regression) is integrated into the proposed routing algorithm. The results demonstrate that the proposed AIbased routing algorithm significantly improves network performance compared to both traditional hop-countbased and QoS-aware routing. Particularly in high-traffic scenarios, it achieves lower latency, higher throughput, and better video quality. Additionally, resource usage was analyzed on a Raspberry Pi 5 device, revealing stable RAM consumption (similar to 50 %) and fluctuating CPU utilization (10-90 %), indicating the feasibility of lightweight deployment with awareness of processing load. This study highlights the potential of AI-driven SDN frameworks for adaptive and efficient network traffic management in high-demand applications, offering a robust solution for dynamic routing.Scientific Research Unit of Bursa Uludag University [FGA-2023-1557]The research leading to these results received funding from Scientific Research Unit of Bursa Uludag University under Grant Agreement No FGA-2023-1557
Taurinin Sıçanlarda Deneysel Fasyal Paralizi ve Kuru Göz Üzerine Etkisi
Get PDFAim: This study aimed to evaluate dry eye development and the efficacy of taurine for dry eye treatment in a rat model with facial paralysis. Material and Methods: Thirty-two rats were divided into four groups with eight rats in each. The rats in groups 2, 3, and 4 underwent facial paralysis surgically, while the rats in group 1 remained as controls. The rats in group 2 did not receive any treatment. Group 3 was treated with 0.2% sodium hyaluronate, and group 4 was treated with 0.2% sodium hyaluronate and 0.5% taurine. The results of the first and last Schirmer’s tests were compared. Results: When the Schirmer’s tests were performed in rats with facial paralysis under general anesthesia to detect dry eye, the scores were low, indicating that general anesthesia increased dry eye in all groups. Thus, Schirmer’s tests were performed without general anesthesia. The final test results were significantly different between groups (p=0.001). Pairwise comparisons revealed that there was a significant decrease in groups 2 (p=0.001) and 3 (p=0.002) compared to the control group. Group 4 was similar to the control group (p=0.304) and had a significant improvement compared to group 2 (p=0.037). No statistically significant difference was found between groups 2 and 4 (p=0.566). Conclusion: Taurine seems to have the potential to be effective in relieving dry eye symptoms. This could be related to the dominantly antioxidant effect of taurine. These results warrant further studies with larger sample size to determine the effectiveness of taurine for dry eye treatment. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
The Effect of Weathering on Color and Glossiness Properties of Polyurethane-Modified Water-Based Varnish Layers Applied to Thermally Treated Ash Wood
Get PDFThe effects of artificial weathering (168, 336, and 504 h) on the glossiness values and color parameters of varnished, polyurethane-modified ash wood were investigated. Samples included control samples without treatment and thermally treated samples under two different conditions (190 °C for 1.5 h and 212 °C for 2 h), all coated with a polyurethane-modified water-based varnish. In non-thermally treated and varnished samples, decreases in L* values were observed after weathering, while increases were noted in ho, C*, b*, and glossiness at 60° in both perpendicular and parallel directions to the fibers. After weathering, for samples thermally treated at 190 °C for 1.5 h and varnished, increases were observed in glossiness values at 20° and 60° in both directions, as well as in L*, b*, and ho values. Conversely, decreases were noted in a* and C* values. In samples thermally treated at 212 °C for 2 h and varnished, increases in a*, L*, ho, b*, and C* values were detected after weathering, whereas decreases were observed in glossiness at all angles (20° and 60°) in both directions. The ∆E* values showed a decreasing trend in non-thermally treated varnished samples after weathering, while an increase was observed in samples thermally treated at 212 °C for 2 h and varnished. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Polytraps in European rural mountainous regions: an expert view
Get PDFMany territorial and development policies in the European Union recognize that rural mountainous regions suffer from enduring natural and demographic disadvantages. These regions frequently face undesirable, persistent and self-reinforcing challenges, often conceptualized as traps. Through engagement with a panel of experts on mountainous regions, we examined whether the trap concept effectively explains the development challenges in European mountainous areas. We find that the distinguishing feature of these challenges is their multidimensional interrelatedness, which can give rise to multiple, simultaneously occurring traps (e.g. rigidity traps, poverty traps, lock-in traps, and regional development traps). In effect, we find that mountainous regions experience a polytrap - a complex of concurrent traps, maladaptive processes, an absence or severe limitation of bounce-back resilience, and difficulties in achieving bounce-forward resilience, largely due to dependence on external actors and factors. This polytrap concept emphasizes the need for rural policies to acknowledge these multifaceted challenges and both enable and promote place-based approaches for revitalizing left-behind places.European Cooperation in Science and Technology [CA21125]This work was supported by European Cooperation in Science and Technology [grant number CA21125]
Investigation of The Relationship Between Mental Endurance and Personal Characteristics in Basketball
Get PDFBu araştırmanın amacı basketbol sporcularının mental dayanıklılık ve kişilik özellikleri arasındaki ilişkinin saptanmasıdır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu İstanbul ili 2023 -2024 sezonunda, basketbol antrenmanlarına devam eden 407 sporcudan oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak; araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilmiş demografik bilgiler anketi, 13 adet kapalı uçlu sorudan oluşan Sporda Mental Dayanıklılık Ölçeği ve on sorudan oluşan On - Maddeli Kişilik Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde, Pearson Korelasyon Analizi, Bağımsız Gruplar t Testi ve ANOVA testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre, mental dayanıklılık ve kişilik özellikleri ölçeği alt boyutlarında; cinsiyet, kilo, lisans süresi gibi değişkenlerde farklılık görülürken bazı değişkenlerde anlamlı farklılığa rastlanmamıştır. Sonuç olarak, mental dayanıklılık ile kişilik özellikleri arasında ise pozitif yönlü anlamlı ilişkiye rastlanmıştır.The purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between mental toughness and personality traits among basketball players. The study group consists of 407 athletes who continued their basketball training in the 2023-2024 season in Istanbul. The data collection tools used in the research include a demographic information survey developed by the researchers, the Mental Toughness Scale in Sports, which consists of 13 closed-ended questions, and the Ten-Item Personality Scale. For data analysis, Pearson Correlation Analysis, Independent Samples t-Test, and ANOVA test were utilized. According to the research findings, there were differences in the sub-dimensions of the mental toughness and personality traits scales concerning variables such as gender, weight, and license duration, while no significant differences were found in some variables. In conclusion, a positive significant relationship was found between mental toughness and personality traits
El Kesme Cezası Konusundaki Çağdaş Yaklaşımların Tahlîli
Get PDFVerse 38 of Surah Al-Maidah stipulates the punishment of amputation for the crime of theft. There are differences of opinion among Islamic legal schools regarding the elements and conditions of the crime in question. However, the prevailing opinion on this issue is that the punishment of hand amputation is not applicable for all theft crimes. While the discussions on the hand amputation penalty in the classical period were limited to the elements and conditions of the crime, in the contemporary period, under the influence of modernity, it is seen that alternative punishment suggestions to the hand amputation penalty have been expressed on certain grounds. The efforts of classical thinkers to portray the crime of theft as different from what it is, to defend the punishment of amputation of hands, show how effective the challenges of modernity are. In the notification, evaluations are made about the opinions expressed in favor and against the hand amputation penalty in the contemporary period.Mâide sûresi 38. âyetinde hırsızlık suçu için el kesme cezası öngörülmektedir. Klasik dönem İslâm hukuk literatüründe hırsızlık suçu için öngörülen el kesme cezası etrafındaki tartışmalar, söz konusu suçun unsur ve şartları ile sınırlı kalmıştır. Bu dönemde el kesme cezasının varlığı üzerinde herhangi bir tartışmaya rastlanmamaktadır. Yeni dönemde modernitenin de etkisiyle gündeme gelen bedensel cezalar üzerindeki tartışmalara el kesme cezası da dâhil olmuştur. Bu süreçte Müslüman düşünürler tarafından çeşitli gerekçeler üzerinden söz konusu ceza yerine yeni ceza arayışları gündeme gelmiştir. Makalede el kesme cezası için alternatif ceza arayışları kapsamında dile getirilen görüşler üç başlık altında ele alınmaktadır. El kesme cezasının leh ve aleyhinde dile getirilen görüşler, eleştirel bir bakış açısıyla değerlendirilmektedir. Ayrıca el kesme cezasının leh ve aleyhinde dile getirilen görüşler suç-ceza uygunluğu açısından değerlendirilmektedir. Bu bağlamda suç-ceza genel ilkeleri olarak adlandırabileceğimiz âyetler ve bir kısım suçlar için öngörülen cezalardan hareketle, el kesme cezası dâhil, İslâm ceza hukuku kapsamındaki suçlar için olması gerekenin dışında, farklı ceza öngörüsünde bulunmanın mümkün olamadığı ortaya konulmaktadır
Makine ve Teçhizatı Hariç Fabrikasyon Metal Ürünleri İmalatı Sektöründe Fine-Kinney ile Risk Analizi: Bir Alüminyum Cephe Giydirme Firması Örneği
Get PDFThis paper presents a detailed risk assessment of a company located in Beykoz on an aluminium façade cladding company, which is a sub-branch of the fabricated metal products manufacturing sector. The study evaluates and assesses the hazards associated with the company's activities using the Fine-Kinney methodology. The methodology involves a comprehensive hazard identification process in which risks are assessed according to their likelihood, frequency and severity. This assessment facilitates the prioritisation of risks, which is essential for effective risk management in an environment with numerous and diverse hazards. A total of 21 specific hazards were identified, ranging from electrical hazards due to exposed cables, to fall hazards due to inadequate height safety measures, to fire hazards due to disorganised storage near electrical cabinets. Key findings highlight critical areas for immediate action, such as the need for better storage practices to prevent falls and the installation of appropriate firefighting equipment to effectively manage fire risks. Recommendations are made for each risk identified and specific corrective actions to mitigate these risks are summarised. The study stands out in the literature by providing a clear and applicable roadmap for risk management in organisations operating in similar sectors.Bu makalede, Beykoz'da fabrikasyon metal ürünleri imalatı sektörünün alt kolu olan bir alüminyum cephe giydirme firması üzerine bulunan bir şirkete ilişkin ayrıntılı bir risk değerlendirmesi sunulmaktadır. Çalışma, Fine-Kinney yöntemini kullanarak, şirketin faaliyetleriyle ilişkili tehlikeleri puanlamakta ve değerlendirmektedir. Metodoloji, risklerin olasılık, sıklık ve şiddetlerine göre değerlendirildiği kapsamlı bir tehlike tanımlama sürecini içermektedir. Bu değerlendirme, çok sayıda ve çeşitli tehlikelerin bulunduğu bir ortamda etkili risk yönetimi için gerekli olan risklerin önceliklendirilmesini kolaylaştırmaktadır. Açıkta kalan kablolardan kaynaklanan elektrik tehlikelerinden, yetersiz yükseklik güvenlik önlemlerinden kaynaklanan düşme tehlikelerine ve elektrik panolarının yakınında düzensiz depolamadan kaynaklanan yangın tehlikelerine kadar toplam 21 spesifik tehlike kaynağında tespit edilmiştir. Temel bulgular, düşmeleri önlemek için daha iyi depolama uygulamalarına ve yangın risklerini etkin bir şekilde yönetmek için uygun yangın söndürme ekipmanının kurulmasına duyulan ihtiyaç gibi acil müdahale için kritik alanları vurgulamaktadır. Belirlenen her bir risk için tavsiyelerde bulunulmuş ve bu risklerin azaltılmasına yönelik spesifik düzeltici faaliyetler özetlenmiştir. Çalışma, benzer alanlarda faaliyet gösteren işletmelerdeki risk yönetimi için net ve uygulanabilir bir yol haritası sunarak literatürde öne çıkmaktadır
Analysis of Basic Accounting Concepts in Terms of Value Concept According to General Communiqué on Accounting System Application (MSUGT) Applied in Türkiye
Get PDFMuhasebe, bir işletmenin para ile ifade edilebilen işlemlerini kaydeden, sınıflayan, özetleyen, raporlayan, analiz ve yorumlar yaparak bilgi kullanıcılarına sunan bir bilim ve sanattır. Tanımdan da anlaşacağı üzere muhasebe denildiğinde düşünülen ilk şey sayılardır. Muhasebeye hayat veren onu anlamlı kılan rakamların kaydedilmesi olarak algılanır. Muhasebe finansal olayları kaydederek somutlaştır. Yararlı, zamanlı, doğru ve açık bilgi sunar. Muhasebe bu bilgileri belirli kurallara göre bilgi kullanıcılarına sunmaktadır. Muhasebenin temel kavramları muhasebenin özünü oluşturur. Bu kavramlar muhasebeye açıklık ve değer katmaktadır. Bu çalışmamızda felsefenin konusu olarak bakılan bugün ise birçok bilim dalı tarafından tartışılan değer konusu muhasebe kavramlarıyla ilişkilendirilerek incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmada muhasebenin temel kavramları ve değer ilişkisi incelenmiş ve bu bağlamda sonuçlar ortaya koyulmaya çalışılmıştır. Muhasebenin temel kavramları arasından seçilerek yapılan birçok araştırma bulunmaktadır. Özellikle değerleme konusunda yapılan bu araştırmalar seçilen temel kavramlarla ilişkilendirilmiştir. Fakat temel kavramların tamamı ele alınarak oluşturdukları değer ve katkı üzerinde çok durulmamıştır. Bu nedenle çalışmada muhasebe temel kavramları tek tek açıklanmış ve muhasebe sürecine sağladıkları değer incelenmiştir.Accounting is a science and art that records, classifies, summarizes, reports, analyzes and comments on the transactions of a business that can be expressed in money and presents them to information users. As can be understood from the definition, the first thing that comes to mind when accounting is mentioned is numbers. It is perceived as recording the numbers that give life to accounting and make it meaningful. Accounting records financial events and makes them concrete. It provides useful, timely, accurate and clear information. Accounting presents this information to information users according to certain rules. The basic concepts of accounting constitute the essence of accounting. These concepts add clarity and value to accounting. In this study, the subject of value, which is considered as the subject of philosophy and is discussed by many branches of science today, has been examined by associating it with accounting concepts. In this study, the basic concepts of accounting and the value relationship have been examined and the results have been tried to be presented in this context. There are many studies conducted by selecting from among the basic concepts of accounting. These studies, especially on valuation, have been associated with the selected basic concepts. However, the value and contribution they create have not been emphasized much by considering all of the basic concepts. For this reason, the basic accounting concepts were explained one by one and the value they provide to the accounting process was examined in this study