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MÜŞTEREK GÜVENLİK OPERASYONLARI BAĞLAMINDA TÜRKİYE’DE MESKÛN MAHAL ÇATIŞMALARI: TAKTİK, STRATEJİ VE SONUÇLAR
Get PDFTerör örgütleri esnek, asimetrik ve dinamik taktikler benimsemektedir. Buna karşılık devletler, güvenlik birimlerini sürekli olarak yeniden yapılandırmak ve farklı operasyonel modeller geliştirmek zorundadır. Polisin ve askerin, işlevi ve görev tanımları farklı olsa da şehir savaşı gibi karmaşık operasyonel ortamlarda birlikte hareket etmeleri gerekmektedir. Terörle mücadelede kolluk kuvvetleri ve silahlı kuvvetler, ulusal güvenlik mimarisinin iki temel ayağını oluşturur. Şehir savaşı konsepti, terör örgütlerinin yoğun nüfuslu yerleşim alanlarında devlet güçlerini zorlaması, sivil halkı kalkan olarak kullanması ve karmaşık kentsel dokuyu avantaja çevirmesiyle karakterizedir. Ağustos 2015- Mart 2016 arasında Türkiye’nin Doğu ve Güney Doğu Anadolu bölgelerinde bölücü terör örgütü PKK şehir savaşı tatbik etmeye çalışmıştır. Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri, Jandarma Genel Komutanlığı ve Emniyet Genel Müdürlüğüne bağlı birimler müşterek operasyon modeliyle PKK’yı etkisiz hale getirmiş ve örgüte ciddi darbe vurmuştur. Bu çalışmada güvenlik birimlerinin Diyarbakır, Şırnak, Mardin ve Hakkâri illerindeki operasyonlarına dair taktikleri ve stratejileri İçişleri Bakanlığı verileri ışığında incelenmiştir
A Handover Decision Optimization Method Based on Data-Driven MLP in 5G Ultra-Dense Small Cell HetNets
No full textDeploying Ultra-Dense Small Cells (UDSCs) in Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) introduces advantages such as increased capacity and expanded coverage over conventional HetNets. However, these advantages come at the expense of some challenges during the Handover (HO) process. Radio Link Failure (RLF) and Unnecessary Handover (UHO) are severe among these challenges. To address these issues, accurate setting and optimization of Handover Control Parameters (HCPs), including Handover Margin (HOM) and Time-To-Trigger (TTT), are necessary. Inaccurate adjustment and optimization of HCPs in live networks may lead to underperformance. Thus, this paper proposes a method that optimizes the obtained dataset by developing an algorithm that adjusts HOM and TTT based on related metrics such as RLF and UHO. The optimized dataset is then applied to a Multi-Layer Perception (MLP) model within a developed HO decision algorithm to predict both HOM and TTT, considering user speed, Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), and cell load. Simulation results showed that the proposed method outperforms the well-known A3 method in terms of Handover Rate (HOR), Handover Failure (HOF), Handover Ping-Pong (HOPP) and RLF by approximately 90.9%, 76.6%, 79.8% and 75%, respectively.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK)Open access funding provided by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK). The authors did not receive support from any organization for the submitted work
The Greek Attempt to Establish an Autonomous Administration in Bursa during the Turkish War of Independence
Get PDFAfter their defeat by the Turkish army at the Battle of Sakarya, it became clear that the Greeks could no longer maintain control in Anatolia. In an attempt to preserve their presence, the Greek government sought to establish autonomous administrations in certain regions. The first such plan involved creating the Ionian State in & Idot;zmir. A parallel initiative aimed to establish an autonomous entity centered in Bursa. A meeting was held at Bursa Municipality with religious leaders to discuss the nature of this autonomy. Aziz Nuri Bey, Director of the Bursa Immigration Office, was appointed as the proposed autonomous state's first governor. Pro-autonomy rallies were organized in districts with significant Greek populations, such as Mustafa Kemal Pa & scedil;a, Gemlik, and Karacabey. This study examines the Greek attempts to create an autonomous administration in Bursa during the Turkish War of Independence. It draws on archival documents from the Presidential State Archives and the Military History Directorate, as well as memoirs and periodicals of the period. The findings show that the Greeks aimed to control Bursa and its surroundings through political means after military failure. However, these efforts were ultimately thwarted by the victories of the Turkish National Movement under Mustafa Kemal Pasha's leadership
The relationship between resting heart rate variability and sportive performance, sleep and body awareness in soccer players
Get PDFBackgroundHeart rate variability (HRV) is a key marker of autonomic nervous system function and has been proposed as a tool for monitoring training adaptations. However, its relationship with performance beyond aerobic capacity remains unclear in football players. This study aimed to examine the associations between resting HRV and aerobic capacity, agility, neuromuscular coordination, sleep quality, and body awareness.MethodsTwenty-five male football players (mean age 20 +/- 3 years) underwent HRV assessment via the Polar H10 system. Performance tests included the 20 m Shuttle Test (VO2max), Illinois Agility Test, Hexagon Test (neuromuscular coordination), and Vertical Jump Tests (muscular strength). Sleep quality and body awareness were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Body Awareness Questionnaire.ResultsHRV Score was positively correlated with VO2max (r = 0.4, p = 0.04), while LF/HF ratio showed a negative correlation with shuttle test distance (rs=-0.52, p = 0.007). Mean RR correlated with neuromuscular coordination (r = 0.56, p = 0.004), sleep quality (r = 0.45, p = 0.024), and body awareness (rs = 0.46, p = 0.019). No significant correlations were found with muscular strength.ConclusionsResting HRV is associated with key performance indicators in football players, supporting its potential use in monitoring physiological readiness and training adaptations. Future research should establish reference values and evaluate HRV-based interventions for performance enhancement
Evaluation of drawings of children victims of sexual abuse
Get PDFAmaç: Çocuğun cinsel istismarının değerlendirilmesi bu süreçte yer alanlar için zor bir görevdir. Çalışmamızın amacı cinsel istismar mağduru çocukların muayene sırasında çizim yoluyla kendilerini ifade etmelerini sağlamalarının yanı sıra çizimler yoluyla olayın nitelikleri ile ilgili değerlendirme yapılarak adli sürece yardımcı veriler elde edilip edilemeyeceğini araştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma pro-retrospektif yöntemle yapılmıştır. 1 Ocak 2016 – 30 Haziran 2024 tarihleri arasında Düzce Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Adli Tıp Anabilim Dalı ve ÇİM'de muayeneleri yapılan ve çizim yapmayı kabul eden cinsel istismara uğradığı iddia edilen olgular çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Olgulardan A4 boyutunda kağıt üzerine, literatürde yer alan 'Bir İnsan Çiz, Kendini Çiz, Aileni Çiz, Seni Mutlu Eden Bir Şey Çiz, Seni Mutsuz Eden Bir Şey Çiz, Şüpheliyi Çiz' talimatları verilmiş, kurşun kalem kullanılarak yapılan çocuk çizimleri incelenmiştir. Elde edilen çizimler literatürde tanımlanan kriterlere göre, çocuk çizimleri alanında aktif olarak çalışan ve çocuk çizimleri konusunda eğitimi ve deneyimi bulunan biri adli tıp uzmanı ve diğeri araştırma görevlisi araştırmacı tarafından incelenmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışmamızda 122 olgunun 6 adet çizimi değerlendirilmiş olup şüphelide pupil ihmali, vücutsuz baş çizimi, vücut ihmali yapımında diğer figür çizimlerine göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde fark olduğu, olay sonrası psikiyatrik başvurusu olanlarda ilk figür çizimine farklı-belirsiz cinsiyet özelliklerine sahip çizim yapılmasının, özgül öğrenme güçlüğü veya zeka geriliği tanısı olan çocuklarda çizimin yaşına göre beklenenden düşük düzeyde olmasının ve anne-babası evli olmayan çocuklarda aile üyesini eksik çizme durumunda istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde fark olduğu, diğer parametrelerin şüpheli ile diğer figürler arasında ve yaş, cinsiyet, aile yapısı, istismarın türü, sıklığı, geçmiş istismar öyküsü, rıza olup olmaması, genital bulgu olup olmaması, psikopatoloji olup olmaması ile değerlendirildiğinde aralarında istatiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki bulunmadığı saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Çocuk çizimlerinin yaş, cinsiyet, eğitim seviyesi, zeka düzeyi, olay öncesi ve sonrası ruhsal durum, adli görüşme ve muayene sırasındaki stres, aile dinamikleri, sosyokültürel ortam, istismarın türü, süresi, sayısı, şüpheli ile ilişkisi, çizim özellikleri, kalemi tutuş şekli, kullanılan kalemin ucu, medya maruziyeti, değerlendiricinin yorumuna göre birçok faktörden etkilenmesinin yanında cinsel istismar vakalarında çocuğu rahatlatarak çocuktan daha iyi bilgi alınmasını sağladığı, tek bir göstergenin cinsel istismarı teyit ettiği ön yargısına kapılmadan adli görüşmelerde çocuk çizimlerinin yardımcı araç olarak kullanılabileceği düşünülmektedir.Objective: The assessment of child sexual abuse is a difficult task for those involved in this process. The aim of our study is to enable children who are victims of sexual abuse to express themselves through drawing during the examination and to investigate whether helpful data can be obtained for the forensic process by evaluating the qualities of the event through drawings. Material and Method: The study was conducted using a pro-retrospective method. Cases of alleged sexual abuse who were examined at Düzce University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine and ÇİM between January 1, 2016 and June 30, 2024 and who agreed to draw were included in our study. The subjects were given the instructions in the literature: 'Draw a Person, Draw Yourself, Draw Your Family, Draw Something That Makes You Happy, Draw Something That Makes You Unhappy, Draw a Suspect'. The drawings of children made by the subjects on A4 paper using a pencil were analyzed. The drawings were examined according to the criteria defined in the literature by two researchers, one of whom was a forensic medicine specialist and the other a research assistant, who were actively working in the field of child drawings and had training and experience in child drawings. Results: In our study, 6 drawings of 122 patients were evaluated and it was observed that there was a statistically significant difference in pupil omission, head without body drawing and body omission in the suspect compared to other figure drawings. In our study, there was a statistically significant difference in the first figure drawing in children with post-event psychiatric admission, in children with a diagnosis of specific learning disability or mental retardation, in children with a lower level of drawing than expected for their age, and in children whose parents were not married, in the case of drawing a missing family member, There was no statistically significant relationship between the other parameters and the suspect and other figures and age, gender, family structure, type and frequency of abuse, history of past abuse, presence or absence of consent, presence or absence of genital findings, presence or absence of psychopathology. Conclusion: Children's drawings are affected by many factors such as age, gender, education level, intelligence level, mental state before and after the incident, stress during forensic interview and examination, family dynamics, sociocultural environment, type, duration, number, relationship with the suspect, drawing characteristics, the way of holding the pen, the tip of the pen used, media exposure, and the interpretation of the evaluator. It is thought that children's drawings can be used as an auxiliary tool in forensic interviews in cases of sexual abuse by relaxing the child and obtaining better information from the child, without the prejudice that a single indicator confirms sexual abuse
Conducted Emission Study of a Grid-Connected Single-Phase Bidirectional AC-DC Converter for Grid to Vehicle Applications
Get PDFThe electricity demand associated with charging electric vehicles (EVs) is significant and is rapidly expanding in terms of quantity, power capacity requirements, and waveform distortion. This growth is particularly critical regarding deploying EV charging infrastructure on the public low-voltage distribution networks, where the available short-circuit power may be limited, creating a risk of sensitive load coinciding within the same area of the grid. The current standards address these issues but predominantly focus on a certain frequency range; therefore, the high-frequency range needs extension and improvement. This article proposes a modeling technique for predicting the effects of conducted emissions (CEs) caused by a single-phase AC-DC converter for a grid-to-vehicle application within a single-phase system. This work includes a measurement design technique and exhibiting standard limits for conducted noise-separated signals into common mode and differential mode components while presenting a comprehensive investigation of the electromagnetic compatibility issues for a grid-connected, bidirectional converter operating at 4.4 kW and 18 kHz switching frequency. For the investigation, the converter is modelled in MATLAB/Simulink, and a statistical approach in Minitab software is also used to evaluate the circuit and frequency domain data. The developed model is also used to investigate the impact of a battery's state of charge on CEs. The presented results show that the proposed emission standards are exceeded by a bidirectional converter under nonlinear load conditions.Ondokuz Mayis University [PYO.MUH.1904.21.011, PYO.MUH.1906.21.002]This work was supported by Ondokuz Mayis University under Grant PYO.MUH.1904.21.011, and Grant PYO.MUH.1906.21.002
The Color of Sports in Autism from the Perspective of Physical Education Teachers
Get PDFThis study explores physical education teachers' perceptions and working experiences towards children with autism. The phenomenological qualitative research method was used in the study. Eleven physical education teachers participated in the study. Color metaphors and semi-structured interview question techniques were used to collect research data. In the findings obtained, being a teacher of children with autism was expressed with white color metaphors, being a teacher of children with autism was expressed with blue color metaphors, sports for children with autism was expressed with red color metaphors, families with children with autism were expressed with gray color metaphors, and in the analysis of semi-structured interviews, three main themes as field competence, social impact and development areas and eleven sub-themes related to them were formed. As a result, it was concluded that sports trainers have positive perceptions of children with ASD and that they have experiences that the sports pieces of training they implement have positive effects on these children
Dynamics of Dialectic in Abdullah Efendi'nin Rüyaları
Get PDFIn spite of the fact that the story titled Abdullah Efendi'nin R & uuml;yalara, written by one of the most powerful writers of Turkish Literature, is principally positioned on the duality of truth and dreams, it contains many dialectical dualities. Each of these dualities contributes in some way to the main character, Abdullah Efendi moving away from reality and constructing his own intellectual reality. In this study, where the basic dialectical elements in the story are discussed, it is discussed where the work called Abdullah Efendi'nin R & uuml;yalara can be positioned in the context of the origins of the dialectical approach. This discussion, which is expanded on the dualities of truth-dream, self-other self, integrity-chaos and mind-nature (mind and emotion) are interpreted by following the traces of dialectical thought. The portrait of Abdullah Efendi's dialectical thought is revealed by analysing how each concept operates within the narrative. It is discussed whether Abdullah Efendi may constitute a prototype in this sense by thinking about the meaning of the individual's process of alienation from himself along with dialectical materialism. Abdullah Efendi is discussed as a character in the context of the idea of breaking of reality, which is one of the basic issues of modern writing, and the meanings attributed to the concept of reality are evaluated from Abdullah Efendi's perspective. Thus, attention is drawn to the meaning of reality constructed by the modern individual through his own intellectual processes
The role of urban trees in climate change: the case of Istanbul's Anatolian Coastal parks
Get PDFDünya nüfusunun büyük çoğunluğu kentlerde yaşamaktadır ve bu oran her geçen gün giderek artmaktadır. Buna paralel olarak da kentlerdeki insan faaliyetleri artmakta ve bu faaliyetlerin olumsuz etkileri, iklim değişikliği ile birlikte kentlerin ekolojik kırılganlığını etkilemektedir. Bu etkileri belirleyebilmek için kentsel alanlardaki önemli karbon yutağı olan ağaçların, kente sunduğu katkıların sayısal verilerle ortaya konulmasına ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Kentsel alanlardaki durumu ortaya koyabilmek için Türkiye'nin en kalabalık ili olan İstanbul'da 3 farklı ilçedeki 3 farklı büyüklükteki park, çalışma alanı olarak belirlenmiştir. Parklardaki ağaçların envanter verileri elde edilmiş, genel sağlık durumları, toprak üstü tüm bileşenleri ve komşu çevre faktörleri incelenmiştir. Buna göre; parktaki ağaçların tüm özellikleri (tür, çap, boy, yaprak tipi, vb.) değerlendirilerek, ağaç risk analizi yapılmış ve olası risk dereceleri belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca parklardaki ağaçların hem büyüme hem de yapısal özelliklerini etkileyen bazı toprak özellikleri de analiz edilmiştir. Analiz edilen örnekler ve ağaçlarda yapılan ölçümler sayesinde parkların biyokütle miktarı ile karbon depolama kapasitesi hesaplanmış olup, İstanbul için genel bir tahmin yapılmıştır. Hesaplama için bir karbon depolama ve biyokütle hesaplama sistemi olan KARBİYOSİS programından yararlanılmıştır. İklim değişikliği ile mücadelede kent ağaçlarının önemli bir rol üstleneceği düşünülerek, iklim modeli ile İstanbul Anadolu Yakası'na ait uzun dönemi kapsayan sıcaklık ve yağış haritaları da oluşturulmuştur. Bu haritalar, sıcaklık artışı öngörüsünü doğrulamaktadır. Kent ağaçlarının, kente sunduğu ekosistem hizmetlerinden en üst düzeyde yararlanmak için tüm bakım ve koruma önlemlerinin ağaç risk analizine göre yapılması önemsenmektedir. Böylece tüm uygulama ve stratejilerin, iklim değişikliğine uyum sağlayacak şekilde geliştirilerek, kent yaşamı ve insan sağlığı için kent ağaçlarından beklenen fayda kapasitesini arttıracağı düşünülmektedir.The majority of the world's population lives in cities and this proportion is increasing day by day. In parallel with this, human activities in cities are increasing and the negative impacts of these activities affect the ecological vulnerability of cities along with climate change. In order to determine these effects, there is a need to reveal the contributions of trees, which are important carbon sinks in urban areas, to the city with numerical data. In order to reveal the situation in urban areas, 3 different sized parks in 3 different districts of Istanbul, the most populous city of Turkey, were selected as the study area. Inventory data of the trees in the parks were obtained, their general health status, all above-ground components and neighboring environmental factors were examined. Accordingly, all characteristics of the trees in the park (species, diameter, height, leaf type, etc.) were evaluated, a tree risk analysis was conducted and possible risk levels were determined. In addition, some soil properties that affect both growth and structural characteristics of the trees in the parks were also analyzed. Thanks to the analyzed samples and measurements made on trees, the amount of biomass and carbon storage capacity of the parks were calculated and a general estimate was made for Istanbul. KARBIYOSIS program, a carbon storage and biomass calculation system, was used for the calculation. Considering that urban trees will play an important role in combating climate change, long-term temperature and precipitation maps of the Anatolian side of Istanbul were also created with the climate model. These maps, confirm the prediction of temperature increase. In order to maximize the ecosystem services provided by urban trees to the city, it is important that all maintenance and protection measures are carried out according to tree risk analysis. Thus, it is thought that all practices and strategies will be developed to adapt to climate change and increase the expected benefit capacity of urban trees for urban life and human health
Experimental Investigation of Durability Properties of Polymer Coated Pumice Aggregate Lightweight Concretes
Get PDFPumice aggregates with low density and high porosity are widely used in lightweight concrete. The high water retention ability of pumice aggregates adversely affects the properties of fresh concrete. Additionally, pumice aggregates' inadequate mechanical strength and durability hinder concrete performance. In recent years, research on coated aggregates has gained traction to improve the physical properties, mechanical strength, and durability characteristics of concrete. In this study, coarse pumice aggregates were coated with polyester and partially substituted with uncoated aggregates at ratios of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% in lightweight concrete formulations. Specific weight and water absorption tests were performed on the aggregates, while slump and unit weight tests were performed on fresh concrete mixtures. SEM-EDX analyses, unit weight, water absorbing capacity, sorptivity, compressive strength, freeze-thaw resistance, and sulfate resistance tests were performed on concrete specimens. The results indicated that the polyester coating significantly increased the specific weight of the aggregates and decreased the water absorption rates by up to 85%. Despite the coated aggregates resulting in decreased compressive strength of concrete specimens, they demonstrated reduced water absorbing capacity and sorptivity characteristics relative to reference concrete. Moreover, concrete made with coated aggregates exhibited better results in freeze-thaw and sulphate resistance tests