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A Utilitarian Islamic Jurist: al-Shatibi
Get PDFUtilitarianism is a theory of morality and law that aims for the greatest happiness of the greatest number of people. The two names that come to mind when utilitarianism is mentioned in Western thought are Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, the founders of the theory. Although this theory emerged in Western philosophy, theories that appeal to the concept of utility as the standard of rightness of moral and legal actions can be found in almost every tradition of thought. One of these traditions is Islamic philosophy. In particular, the theory of maslaha, which is one of the most important legal theories of Islamic legal thought, is a theory that accepts the concept of utility as a fundamental principle. In this article, we focus on the theory of maslaha of Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi, one of the most prominent thinkers of the theory of maslaha. Our aim in this article is to point out the similarities and differences between maslaha theory and utilitarianism, thereby drawing attention to the functionality of the concept of utility as a standard of right or wrong for ethics and law, regardless of society and period
Anticancer activity of curcumin-loaded nanocarriers: A focus on combined therapeutic modalities
Get PDFCurcumin (CUR) is a polyphenolic compound known for its various therapeutic effects, including antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and anticancer activities. Researchers have elucidated several molecular and cellular pathways through which CUR exhibits potent anticancer activity, rendering it a promising candidate for cancer therapy. The activity of CUR is attributed to three reactive functional groups: the diketone moiety and two phenolic groups. Particularly, the presence of hydroxyl (OH) groups in the phenolic ring is responsible for CUR's anticancer effects. However, the therapeutic efficacy of CUR is restricted by its hydrophobic nature, rapid degradation with a short half-life, and low bioavailability. To address these challenges, researchers have developed nano-based drug carrier systems, such as nanoparticles, liposomes, and micelles, to encapsulate and deliver CUR effectively. These nanocarriers can be customized in size, chemical composition, surface charge, and functionalization to enable targeted delivery to specific sites. Also, the surface functionalities of nanocarriers can be tailored to specific targets, such as overexpressed receptors on cancer cells, leading to improved cellular uptake and therapeutic outcomes of CUR. Furthermore, integrating CUR-loaded nanocarriers with other therapeutic modalities, such as chemotherapy (CUR and chemotherapeutic agents coloaded), magnetic nanohyperthermia, photodynamic therapy, and nanocarrier-based ultrasound therapy, holds promise for enhancing treatment efficacy. This chapter provides an extensive overview of the molecular pathways and underlying mechanisms responsible for the substantial anticancer activity of CUR. In addition, it highlights the utilization of CUR-loaded nanocarriers in combination with other therapeutic modalities to achieve enhanced efficacy in cancer therapy. The combination of CUR with other modalities has demonstrated promising results in preclinical studies, indicating the potential for a synergistic effect. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
An Investigation of Deep Wear Status Assessment of AISI 329 Material Under Green Nanofluid Conditions
Get PDFOne of the main goals in sustainability is to reduce the environmental effects of boundary and mixed lubrication on rubbing surfaces. Petroleum-based fluids are at the center of environmental concerns and have attracted the attention of researchers in recent years. Vegetable-based oils are a good alternative to petroleum-based oils, and their tribological performance is a matter of curiosity. For the last 10 years, nanoparticle additives have been used to increase the tribological effect of plant-based oils. Green tribology is an integrated concept that includes the terms nanotribology and biotribology. In this study, nanofluid was prepared by adding SiO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles into the vegetable-based oil to examine green tribology performance. Friction/wear tests were applied to AISI 329 stainless steel material with a ball-on-disc tester. In the green tribology performance evaluation, pH, thermal conductivity, surface roughness, topography, microhardness deviations, coefficient of friction (CoF), track width, SEM analysis, and power consumption results were taken into consideration. As a result of the tests, the SiO2 nanofluid condition provided a reduction of 40.76%, 13.69%, 66.77%, 5.98% in surface roughness, microhardness, CoF, track width, and power consumption results, respectively, compared to the dry condition. In other words, the SiO2 green nanofluid condition exhibited superior performance compared to other conditions in all performance criteria
Promoting Gender Equality in Preservice Teachers Through Creative Drama Activities Integrated With Children's Picture Books: A Mixed-Methods Research
Get PDFThe current research investigated the effect of creative drama activities combined with children's picture books on preservice teachers' attitudes towards gender equality. The study employed an explanatory sequential mixed methods research design. While the quantitative stage used a quasiexperimental pretest-posttest control group research design, the qualitative stage involved a focus group interview. The quantitative data were analysed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and the participants' pretest scores were assigned as the covariate variable. The qualitative data were analysed using content analysis. The quantitative data showed that the treatment group had significantly higher estimated marginal mean posttest gender role attitudes (GRAS) scores compared to the control group. The qualitative data indicated that the intervention made the participants more active and helped them identify and resolve problems associated with traditional gender role stereotypes. The intervention allowed the participants to develop positive attitudes towards eliminating inequalities caused by gender role stereotypes
Parameter optimization in sensorless speed control of permanent magnet synchronous motor
Get PDFSabit mıknatıslı senkron motorlar (SMSM) yüksek verimlilik, güç yoğunluğu, küçük boyutları ve hızlı dinamik tepki özellikleri ile yüksek performans gerektiren tahrik sistemlerinde ve endüstriyel uygulamalarda yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Yüksek hassasiyet gerektiren uygulamalarda sabit mıknatıslı senkron motorların yüksek verimle çalışabilmesi için doğru hız bilgisine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Algılayıcılar bu bilgiyi sağlamasına rağmen maliyet, boyut, ağırlık artışı ve sistem güvenilirliğini azaltması gibi problemlerden dolayı algılayıcısız kontrol yöntemleri son yıllarda önem kazanmıştır. Bu tez çalışmasında hız algılayıcısı kullanılmadan bir sabit mıknatıslı senkron motorun hız denetimi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sabit mıknatıslı senkron motorun en iyi hız kontrol performansına ulaşmak için algılayıcısız kontrolü için uygulanan hız tahmin edici model referans adaptif sistem (MRAS) tekniğinin PI parametrelerinin optimizasyonunda çeşitli algoritmalar kullanılmıştır. Bunlar sırasıyla Genetik Algoritma (GA), Denizanası Arama Algoritması (JSA), Parçacık Sürü Optimizasyonu (PSO) algoritması, Diferansiyel Evrim (DE) algoritması, Aritmetik Optimizasyon Algoritması (AOA), Yapay Tavşan Optimizasyon (ARO) algoritması, Vektörlerin Ağırlıklı Ortalaması (INFO) algoritması, Simbiyotik Organizmalar Arama (SOS) algoritması, Yapay Arı Kolonisi (ABC) algoritması, Ateş Şahini Optimizasyon (FHO) algoritması ve Runge-Kutta (RK) algoritması yaklaşımları kullanılmıştır. Sabit mıknatıslı senkron motorun algılayıcısız alan yönlendirmeli vektör kontrolü Matlab/Simulink ortamında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada, motorun sabit hız, değişen hız ve ani yük değişikliğinde belirtilen optimizasyon algoritmalarının performansları değerlendirilmiştir.Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) are widely used in drive systems and industrial applications requiring high performance with their high efficiency, power density, small size and fast dynamic response characteristics. In applications requiring high precision, accurate speed information is required for permanent magnet synchronous motors to operate with high efficiency. Although sensors provide this information, sensorless control methods have gained importance in recent years due to problems such as cost, size, weight increase and decreasing system reliability. In this thesis, the speed control of a permanent magnet synchronous motor without using a speed sensor is implemented. In order to achieve the best speed control performance of the permanent magnet synchronous motor, various algorithms have been used in the optimization of the PI parameters of the speed estimator model reference adaptive system (MRAS) technique applied for sensorless control. These are Genetic Algorithm (GA), Jellyfish Search Algorithm (JSA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm, Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm, Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm (AOA), Artificial Rabbit Optimization (ARO) algorithm, Weighted Average of Vectors (INFO) algorithm, Symbiotic Organisms Search (SOS) algorithm, Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm, Fire Hawk Optimization (FHO) algorithm and Runge-Kutta (RK) algorithm approaches are used. Sensorless field- oriented vector control of a permanent magnet synchronous motor is implemented in Matlab/Simulink environment. In the study, the performances of the specified optimisation algorithms are evaluated under constant speed, varying speed and sudden load change of the motor
Evaluation of mass mercury poisoning cases occurring in a center in Turkiye: symptomatology, treatment methods, and follow-up processes
Get PDFMercury (Hg) is a toxic heavy metal with extensive applications. In children, mercury exposure often occurs inadvertently through laboratories, thermometers, or fluorescent lamps. Inhalation of elemental mercury can affect the central nervous system and urinary system. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent severe complications. A retrospective evaluation was conducted on 82 pediatric cases of mercury poisoning who presented to Bingol State Hospital on January 15, 2020. Blood and urine mercury levels were measured. Patients with mercury levels > 10 mu g/L received intravenous treatment with 2,3-dimercaptopropane sulfonic acid (DMPS) for 5 days. Plasma and urine mercury levels were analyzed before and after treatment. Adverse effects of treatment and follow-up processes were also examined. Of the patients, 43.9% were female, and 56.1% were male, with a mean age of 9.4 +/- 3.2 years. A total of 42.7% of cases were symptomatic, with headache being the most common symptom (26.8%). Significant reductions in blood and urine mercury levels were observed after treatment (p < 0.001). Adverse effects of the drug were reported in 43.9% of cases, with nausea (50%) and itching (25%) being the most frequent. Conclusion: Chelation therapy was effective in significantly reducing mercury levels in cases of mercury poisoning. Adverse effects must be carefully managed, and long-term follow-up is essential. This study provides significant contributions to the literature on mass mercury poisoning cases.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBIdot;TAK)Open access funding provided by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUB & Idot;TAK)
Maddenin Tanecikli Yapısının Artırılmış Gerçeklik ile Öğretimi: Öğrenci Tutumu ve Motivasyonu Üzerine Bir Çalışma
Get PDFUnderstanding abstract concepts in chemistry education is often a challenging process for students. Augmented reality (AR) technology stands out as an important tool that facilitates learning by visualizing abstract chemistry concepts. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of teaching the topic "The Particulate Nature of Matter" to 6th-grade students using the augmented reality application "VIDEOAR" via mobile devices on students' attitudes towards AR technology and their motivation to learn science. Using a quasi-experimental design, this study was conducted with 54 middle school students during the 2022-2023 academic year. The results of the study indicate that the group experiencing the AR application showed a significant increase in their attitudes towards AR technology and their motivation to learn science compared to the control group. In addition, no significant difference was found in attitudes and motivation based on gender. As a result, it was determined that AR technology enhances students' interest in the course and positively affects their motivation towards science learning in courses involving abstract subjects such as chemistry. The significant effect of integrating AR technology into education in terms of attitude and motivation, regardless of gender, is thought to stem from today's learners' interest in technology and represents an important finding for classroom practices. In this regard, it is suggested that AR applications be more widely integrated into science courses and that this technology be utilized in other subjects as well.Kimya öğretiminde soyut kavramların anlaşılması öğrenciler için genellikle zorlu bir süreçtir. Artırılmış gerçeklik (AR) teknolojisi, karmaşık kimyasal süreçleri görselleştirerek öğrenmeyi kolaylaştıran önemli bir araç olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın amacı, 6. sınıf öğrencilerine "Maddenin Tanecikli Yapısı" konusunu mobil cihazlar aracılığıyla artırılmış gerçeklik uygulaması "VİDEOAR" kullanarak öğretmenin, öğrencilerin AR teknolojisine yönelik tutumları ve fen öğrenmeye yönelik motivasyonları üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektir. Yarı deneysel desen kullanılan bu çalışma, 2022-2023 eğitim öğretim yılında öğrenim görmekte olan 54 ortaokul öğrencisi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma sonunda elde edilen verileri SPSS 25.0 programı ile analiz edilmiş ve bulgular t-testi kullanılarak yorumlanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları, AR uygulamasını deneyimleyen grubun, AR teknolojisine yönelik tutum ve fen öğrenmeye yönelik motivasyonlarında, kontrol grubuna kıyasla anlamlı bir artış olduğunu göstermektedir. Bunun yanında, cinsiyet değişkenine göre tutum ve motivasyon arasında anlamlı bir farklılık görülmemiştir. Sonuç olarak, AR teknolojisinin kimya gibi soyut konuları içeren derslerde öğrencilerin derse olan ilgisini güçlendirdiği ve fen öğrenimine yönelik motivasyonlarını olumlu yönde etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Cinsiyet değişkeninden bağımsız olarak eğitime entegrasyonunun tutum ve motivasyon yönündeki anlamlı etkisi günümüz öğreneninin teknolojiye olan ilgisinden kaynaklandığı düşünülmekte olup, sınıf içi uygulamalar açısından önemli bir sonuçtur. Bu doğrultuda, artırılmış gerçeklik uygulamalarının fen bilimleri alan derslerinin anlatımına daha geniş ölçekte entegre edilmesi ve bu teknolojinin diğer derslerde de kullanılması önerilmektedir
Significance of Preoperative Multidisciplinary Assessment with 30-Second Sit-to-Stand and Timed Up-and-Go Tests in Predicting Postoperative Outcomes
Get PDFBackground/Objectives: Evaluating basic daily activities like sitting, standing, and walking is crucial for predicting preoperative risks and postoperative recovery. These functional abilities can be assessed through patient history or measured using objective tests. For this purpose, the 30-Second Sit-to-Stand (30STS) Test and Timed Up-and-Go (TUG) Test are frequently used in clinical settings. However, few studies have evaluated their effectiveness in anesthesia and orthopedics. In this study, we aimed to assess the applicability of these tests across clinical disciplines. Methods: A total of 43 patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty (TKA) surgery between January and December 2023 with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) scores of 2-3 were retrospectively evaluated. The 30STS, TUG, and VAS scores were recorded preoperatively and on postoperative days 90-180. Results: The preoperative 30STS and TUG scores showed no statistically significant difference between the ASA 2-3 groups, but the ASA 2 group demonstrated a more pronounced performance improvement in both tests during the first 90 days postoperatively. The correlation tests revealed a strong positive relationship with the TUG Test and a moderate positive relationship with the 30STS and VAS scores. Conclusions: The correlation between the preoperative and postoperative results of the 30STS and TUG Tests suggests that preoperative tests can predict post-operative functional performance. However, the lack of a significant statistical relationship between the preoperative tests and ASA scores indicates that these tests may not be sufficiently useful for assessing the functional capacity. The better test outcomes in the ASA 2 patients indicate that combining these assessments with anesthetic evaluations may improve postoperative functional predictions, thereby promoting a multidisciplinary approach
Ability of CHA2DS2-VASc/R2CHA2DS2-VASc Scores to Predict Complications Related to Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices
Get PDFBackgroundGlobally, the number of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) is increasing. In our study, we aimed to investigate whether CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc and R(2)CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc scores are predictive of CIED-related complications. MethodsOur investigation was carried out with a multicenter retrospective design. Patients who underwent CIED surgery at two cardiac centers in Turkey between January 2011 and May 2023, 1676, were evaluated. The patients were divided into two groups according to their R(2)CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc scores. Patients with R(2)CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc >= 5 were included in group 1 (380 patients), and patients with R(2)CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc = 5 group (6.1% vs. 1.2%, p = 5 groups, infection related to the device system and cumulative events were higher. Patients with an R(2)CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc score of 5 or more and a high CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc score should be evaluated more carefully regarding infection and cumulative events before and after the operation
Bipolar fuzzy soft filter and its application to multi-criteria group decision-making
Get PDFThe convergence theory is not only a basic theory of topology but also has wide applications in other fields including information technology, economics and computer science. The convergence of filters is also one of the most important tools used in topology to characterize certain concepts such as the closure of a set, continuous mapping, Hausdorff space and so on. Besides, multi-criteria group decision making (for short MCGDM) aims to make unanimous decision based on different criterions to find the most accurate solution of real world problems and so that the MCGDM plays a very important role in our daily life problems. In this paper, taking into account all of these, we firstly introduce the notion of a bipolar fuzzy soft filter (for short BFS-filter) by using bipolar fuzzy soft sets (for short BFS-sets). Also, we define the idea of an ultra BFS-filter and establish some of its properties. Moreover, we investigate the convergence of BFS-filters in a bipolar fuzzy soft topological space (BFS-topological space) with related results. After introducing the concepts of a bipolar fuzzy soft continuity (BFS-continuity) and a bipolar fuzzy soft Hausdorfness (BFS-Hausdorffness), with the aid of the convergence of BFS-filters, we discuss the characterizations of these concepts. Next, we develop a multi-criteria group decision-making method based on the BFS-filters to deal with uncertainties in our daily life. Finally, we present a numerical example to make a decision for selection of best alternative