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ALTAYİSTİK TANIKLAMAYLA BİRLEŞİK EKLERİN MORFO-FONOLOJİSİ
Get PDFThis article, written as a gift for the 100th anniversary celebrations of the founding of our Republic, was written with the Altayistic method. The subject of the analysis is the morpho-phonology of compound suffixes in Turkish. During affixation, sound changes or phonetic events may occur both in the suffix itself and in the word to which the suffix is added. Compound suffixes can consist of two or more elements. First, the shapes containing the identified compound suffixes were shown. Then, after briefly touching on the literature, the term compound suffix in Turkish dialects was discussed. The sound events in compound suffixes are given respectively. Subsequently, the sound events were displayed in tabular form. In order to bring the issue to the agenda in Turkology, reference was made to the process in the internal history of the language. The focus was on the structure in compound suffixes where sound changes are seen. It was explained that the last suffix causes a sound change not only in itself but also in the word it falls on. In the last part, after the evaluation, wishes were made. It is shown in the bibliography that a wide range of topics in the field literature have been discussed from the beginning to the present.Cumhuriyetimizin kuruluşunun 100. Yıl kutlamalarına atfen armağan olarak yazılan bu makale Altayistik yöntemle yazıldı. İrdelemenin konusu Türkçedeki birleşik eklerin morfo-fonolojisidir. Ekleşme sırasında hem ekin kendinde hem de ekin üzerine geldiği kelimede ses değişmesi veya fonetik hadise gerçekleşebilmektedir. Birleşik ekler iki veya daha fazla unsurdan oluşabilmektedir. Önce tespit edilen birleşik eklerin geldiği şekiller gösterildi. Sonra alan yazınına kısaca değinildikten sonra Türk lehçelerinde birleşik ek terimi ele alındı. Birleşik eklerdeki ses olayları sırasıyla verildi. Akabinde ses olayları tablo şeklinde gösterildi. Konunun Türklük biliminde gündeme getirilmesi için dilin iç tarihindeki sürece atıfta bulunuldu. Ses değişmelerinin görüldüğü birleşik eklerdeki yapı üzerinde duruldu. En son ekin sadece kendinde değil üzerine geldiği kelimede de ses değişikliğine sebep olduğu anlatıldı. Son kısımda ise değerlendirme yapıldıktan sonra temennide bulunuldu. Alan yazını ile ilgili başlangıçtan günümüze doğru geniş bir yelpazede konun ele alındığı kaynakçada gösterilmiş oldu
Effects of ultra-cold temperature on thermoplastic (ASA, PLA) parts produced by 3D FDM printing technology
Get PDFThis study focuses on the effects of ultra-cold temperature (cryogenic treatment) on mechanical and tribological properties of parts manufactured from ASA (Acrylonitrile Styrene Acrylate) and PLA (Polylactic Acid) materials, which are widely used in 3D FDM printing technology. Hardness, tensile strength, impact strength and friction coefficient test samples for three different loads were produced in accordance with the standards related to the 3D FDM printing method. The hardness value of the PLA sample with code 18 CT increased by 17.43% compared to room temperature and reached the highest value. The tensile strength values of all materials increased compared to the untreated ones. The ASA material 24 CT coded samples reached the highest tensile strength value with a 13.27% increase in tensile strength compared to the room temperature samples. Impact strengths decreased in all materials compared to room temperature samples. However, PLA samples with code 18 CT showed the greatest decrease in impact strength, decreasing by 15.63% compared to room temperature samples. The friction coefficients of all products made of ASA (Acrylonitrile Styrene Acrylate) and PLA (Polylactic Acid) materials showed improvement under each load compared to the untreated ones. It was also observed that the friction coefficient of ASA samples with 18 CT code decreased by 46.76% at most in tests conducted with 20 N load. When the microstructure SEM images of the materials were compared, it was observed that there were differences in the matrix structure. The increase in the hardness values of the ultra-cold process was explained as making the molecular chain arrangement in the microstructure of the materials more regular and transforming it into a stable structure
Exploring Teachers' Professional Development on Socioscientific Issues and Model-Based Learning: A Multiple Case Study
Get PDFThis study proposes a three-phase professional development (PD) program for middle school science teachers and aims to investigate their engagement with the Socioscientific Issue and Model-Based Learning (SIMBL) framework. It follows a multiple-case study design, and the main data sources of the study are semi-structured interviews, while the secondary data sources include developed SIMBL units, field notes of the PD program, classroom observations of the lessons, and unstructured phone calls/messages. The semi-structured interviews comprise pre- and post-PD program interviews as well as post-implementation interviews. Employing the Interconnected Model of Professional Growth framework for data analysis, teachers are categorized into three distinct groups: proactive, collaborative, and teacher-led. Findings highlight how teacher beliefs and prior experiences shape their ability to integrate SIMBL into classroom practices. The study emphasizes the critical role of sustained PD, reflective practices, and alignment with teacher beliefs in facilitating the effective implementation of innovative teaching frameworks. Ultimately, the SIMBL framework was found to enhance student engagement with socioscientific issues by fostering critical thinking, systems-based reasoning, and media literacy, contributing to science education.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBIdot;TAK)Yimath;ldimath;z Technical University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Office [SDK-2021-4626]Open access funding provided by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUB & Idot;TAK). This work was supported by the Y & imath;ld & imath;z Technical University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Office under project number SDK-2021-4626
Multifunctional SnO2-@ doped glass fiber?reinforced concrete: Improved microstructure, mechanical, dielectric, and energy storage characteristics
No full textThis study explores SnO?-based hybrid composite (SnO?-@) doped glass fiber-reinforced concrete (GFRC) for enhanced dielectric, energy storage, and mechanical performance. Microstructural analysis confirmed SnO?-@ promotes ettringite and calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) formation, improving matrix integrity. Aged samples exhibited a 650?% increase in surface roughness (Ra) and over 200?% higher Leeb hardness, demonstrating durability. Dielectric spectroscopy revealed frequency-dependent tunability: 1?% SnO?-@ achieved a peak dielectric constant (?' = 130 at 10?kHz), shifting to ?' =?140 at 100?kHz for 2–3?% doping. AC conductivity surged by 60?%, correlating with SnO?-@-induced interfacial polarization and charge mobility. Energy storage capacity improved significantly, attributed to optimized dipole alignment and reduced leakage currents. Color stability remained robust (?E* ? 2.8 post-aging), ensuring aesthetic viability. These results position SnO?-@-doped GFRC as a multifunctional material for smart infrastructure, integrating structural resilience, adaptive dielectric properties, and energy storage potential for next-generation urban applications
AC/DC power systems planning comprising voltage source converters using an enhanced symbiotic organisms search algorithm
Get PDFThe concept of distributed energy, where different energy sources are combined in remote locations, forms the basis of today's power systems overall energy production logic. Furthermore, advancements in power electronic infrastructures have emphasized their increased utilization within power systems. In particular, the transition from current source converters (CSC) technology to voltage source converters (VSC) technology has made it easier to integrate power grids with different characteristics into existing power systems. High voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission applications also play a significant role in this integration. In these increasingly complex power systems with various infrastructures and applications, maintaining a sustainable, secure, economical, and environmentally-friendly balance between supply and demand becomes more challenging using classical approaches. In this study, a metaheuristic algorithm is proposed for solving the power flow problems in hybrid AC/DC power systems that include VSC-based, Multi-Terminal HVDC grids. The proposed algorithm is an enhanced version of the symbiotic organisms search (SOS) algorithm and is named di-SOS (diversity improved SOS with Parazite RFDB) algorithm. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed algorithm, comparisons were made with SOS algorithm variants and 15 different metaheuristic algorithms found in the literature using various test functions. Nonparametric Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and Friedman tests were performed the compared algorithms and in the comparison between SOS algorithm variants, the di_1-SOS variant of the di_SOS algorithm performed the best with an algorithm score of 2.245. In the comparison with the other 15 metaheuristic algorithms, the di_1-SOS algorithm ranked first with a ranking score of 4.525, demonstrating its success in solving classical test functions. Finally, the algorithm was employed to address power flow problems concerns within hybrid AC/DC power systems, employing altered instances of the IEEE 14-bus and IEEE 30-bus test networks. The acquired outcomes substantiated the efficacy of the algorithm in strategic formulation of AC/DC power systems and in resolving intricate real-world engineering problems, characterized by nonlinearities and constraints. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Proximity structures via the class of bipolar fuzzy soft sets
Get PDFIn this paper, we first define the concept of a proximity with the help of bipolar fuzzy soft sets and establish some of its properties. Then, we demonstrate the process of generating a bipolar fuzzy soft topology with the aid of a bipolar fuzzy soft proximity (for short BFS-proximity). Moreover, we give a new definition of bipolar fuzzy soft neighborhood based on BFS-proximity, enabling an alternative framework for analyzing the notion of BFS-proximity. Next, by using a family of BFS-proximities, we present the initial BFS-proximity structure. Finally, taking into account the proximity structure in the classical set theory, we derive a BFS-proximity structure and study on its related results
A Sufi View of Human Perception in Ahmad al-Khānī’s Work Mem û Zîn
Get PDFAhmed-i Hânȋ (öl.1707) içerisine doğup yaşadığı toplumu birçok yönden asırlardır etkileyebilmiş ender karakterlerden biridir. İlmi, kültürel, edebi, sosyal ve siyasal entelektüel zenginliğini tasavvufi yorumunda da hissettirmiştir. Kürtçe kaleme aldığı Mem û Zîn adlı eserinde Hânȋ, aşk başta olmak üzere tasavvufî birçok konuya değinmiştir. Gerçek yaşamla rabıtasını kurduğu eseri ile Ahmed-i Hânȋ, hal ilmi olan tasavvufun yerel, özgün bir numunesini ortaya koymuştur. Kendisinin manevi gelişimine büyük katkı sağladığını ifade ettiği eserinde Hânȋ, insana dair algısını incelikle yansıtmaktadır. İslam inancının şekillendirdiği bölgenin insan tipolojisindeki çeşitliliğini ortaya koyarken Hânȋ’nin kendi şahsi tecrübelerinden devşirdiği tasavvufî dönüşüm sürecini halka yaymak gayreti içerisinde olduğu da anlaşılmaktadır. Tasavvufun hal ilmi olmasının gerektirdiği öğreticiliğe de icra eden Hânȋ birçok alanda olduğu gibi tasavvufi açıdan da aksiyonerliğini ortaya koymuştur. İnsana dair ele aldığı başlıklarda temel tasavvufi düşüncelerini kendi özgün üslubu ile kaleme aldığı görülmüştür. Onun, insana dair düşüncelerinin daha iyi anlaşılması için Mevlana (öl.1273), İbn Arabî (öl.1240) ve Yunus Emre (öl.1320) başta olmak üzere klasik dönem mutasavvıflarının görüşlerine iltibas edilecektir. Tasavvufî açından ilk defa bu yönüyle ele alınan çalışma ile alana katkı sunabileceği değerlendirilmektedir.Ahmad al-Khānī (d.1707) is one of the rare characters who has been able to influence the society he was born into and lived in for centuries in many ways. He has also made his scientific, cultural, literary, social and political intellectual wealth felt in his sufi interpretation. In his work Mim wa Zīn, written in Kurdish, al-Khānī touched upon many mystical subjects, especially love. With his work, which he established a connection with real life, Ahmad al-Khānī presented a local, original example of mysticism, which is the science of state. In his work, which he states has greatly contributed to his spiritual development, al-Khānī delicately reflects his perception of humanity. While revealing the diversity in human typology of the region shaped by the Islamic faith, it is also understood that al-Khānī is trying to spread the sufi transformation process he has derived from his own personal experiences to the public. al-Khānī, who also performed the didactic role that sufism requires as a science of state, has demonstrated his activism in terms of sufism as well as in many other areas. It has been seen that he has written his basic sufi thoughts in his own unique style on the topics he has dealt with regarding humanity. In order to better understand his thoughts on humanity, the views of the classical period sufis, especially Umi (d. 1273), Ibn Arabî (d. 1240) and Yunus Emre (d. 1320), will be examined. It is evaluated that this study, which is handled from this aspect for the first time from a sufi perspective, will contribute to the field
Hydrogen use for energy efficiency in industrial furnaces: Multi-criteria decision-making and Bayesian network-supported technology roadmap scenarios
Get PDFParis Anlaşması, küresel ısınmayı sınırlandırmak ve iklim değişikliğiyle mücadele etmek için uluslararası iş birliğini teşvik etmektedir. Bu bağlamda, yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları ve hidrojen gibi alternatif enerji çözümleri önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Hidrojen, düşük karbonlu ekonomiye geçişte etkili bir seçenek olarak öne çıkmakta ve çevresel sürdürülebilirliğe katkı sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışma, hidrojenin yüksek enerji tüketen endüstriyel fırınlarda kullanımına odaklanarak literatüre yeni bir perspektif kazandırmayı hedeflemektedir. Hidrojenin endüstriyel fırınlardaki kullanımını değerlendirmek için Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci (AHP) ve İdeal ve Negatif İdeal Çözümüne Göre Sıralama Tekniği (TOPSIS) yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. AHP analiziyle, çevresel ve ekonomik kriterler açısından hidrojenin önceliği belirlenmiş ve bu sonuçlar, TOPSIS için giriş verisi olarak kullanılmıştır. TOPSIS yöntemiyle hidrojenin alternatif enerji kaynaklarına göre çevresel ve ekonomik performansı değerlendirilmiş ve hidrojenin üstün bir seçenek olduğu ortaya konmuştur. Hidrojenin teknolojik gelişim süreçlerinin planlanması için Teknoloji Yol Haritası (TYH) yöntemi kullanılmış, endüstriyel süreçlere entegrasyonu için stratejik bir yol haritası oluşturulmuştur. Ayrıca, Teknoloji ve Strateji (T&S) planlarıyla hidrojenin üretim, dağıtım ve uygulama süreçlerinde karşılaşılan teknik ve stratejik engellere yönelik somut çözüm önerileri geliştirilmiştir. Bayes ağı modeli ise hidrojen teknolojilerinin çevresel ve ekonomik etkilerini farklı senaryolar altında modelleyerek belirsizliklerin olası etkilerini değerlendirmiştir. Sonuçlar, hidrojenin cam üretiminde kullanılan endüstriyel fırınlarda fosil yakıtlara alternatif olarak kullanılmasının karbon emisyonlarını azaltabileceğini, enerji verimliliğini artırabileceğini ve çevresel etkileri azaltabileceğini göstermektedir. Ayrıca, hidrojen teknolojilerinin uzun vadeli entegrasyonu için yapılan bu kapsamlı analizler, sürdürülebilir enerji sistemleri ve ekonomik faydalar sağlayacak somut stratejiler sunmaktadır.The Paris Agreement promotes international cooperation to limit global warming and combat climate change. In this context, renewable energy sources and alternative energy solutions, such as hydrogen, play a crucial role. Hydrogen stands out as an effective option for transitioning to a low-carbon economy and contributes to environmental sustainability. This study aims to provide a new perspective to the literature by focusing on the use of hydrogen in high-energy-consuming industrial furnaces. To evaluate the use of hydrogen in industrial furnaces, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) methods were applied. Through AHP analysis, hydrogen's priority was determined based on environmental and economic criteria, and these results were used as input data for the TOPSIS method. Using the TOPSIS method, the environmental and economic performance of hydrogen was compared to alternative energy sources, and hydrogen was identified as a superior option. The Technology Roadmap (TYH) method was employed to plan the technological development processes of hydrogen, and a strategic roadmap for its integration into industrial processes was created. Additionally, Technology and Strategy (T&S) plans were developed to propose concrete solutions for technical and strategic barriers encountered during hydrogen's production, distribution, and application processes. The Bayesian network model further analyzed the environmental and economic impacts of hydrogen technologies under different scenarios, assessing the potential effects of uncertainties. The findings indicate that using hydrogen as an alternative to fossil fuels in industrial furnaces for glass production could reduce carbon emissions, increase energy efficiency, and mitigate environmental impacts. Moreover, this comprehensive analysis, aimed at the long-term integration of hydrogen technologies, provides concrete strategies that support sustainable energy systems and offer economic benefits
Having Children: Are Positive and Negative Childbearing Motivations Influenced by Sociodemographic Variables?
Get PDFÇocuk sahibi olmak, tarih boyunca bireysel ve toplumsal düzeyde önemli bir yaşam kararı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Günümüzde ise bireylerin çocuk sahibi olma kararları; geleneksel değerlerin yanı sıra ekonomik koşullar, eğitim düzeyi, bireyselleşme eğilimleri ve yaşam beklentileri gibi çeşitli faktörlerin etkisiyle şekillenmektedir. Bu durum, çocuk sahibi olma motivasyonlarını daha karmaşık hale getirmekte ve konuya ilişkin detaylı araştırmaları gerekli kılmaktadır. Bu araştırma, bireylerin çocuk sahibi olmaya yönelik olumlu ve olumsuz motivasyonlarını; cinsiyet, medeni durum, gelir düzeyi, eğitim düzeyi, çocuk sahibi olma durumu ve yaşanılan yer gibi sosyodemografik değişkenlere göre incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Nicel yöntemle ve ilişkisel tarama modeli kapsamında yürütülen çalışmaya 578 birey katılmıştır. Veri toplama sürecinde "Çocuk Sahibi Olma Motivasyonları Ölçeği" ve "Demografik Bilgi Formu" kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulguları, çocuk sahibi olma motivasyonlarının sosyodemografik değişkenlere göre anlamlı biçimde farklılık gösterdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Cinsiyet temelinde yapılan analizlerde, kadınların çocuk sahibi olmaya yönelik olumlu motivasyonlarının erkeklere kıyasla daha yüksek olduğu; buna karşılık, erkeklerin olumsuz motivasyon düzeylerinin daha belirgin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Medeni durum açısından ise evli bireylerin olumlu motivasyon düzeylerinin, boşanmış bireylere göre daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Gelir düzeyi arttıkça bireylerin çocuk sahibi olmaya dair olumlu yaklaşımlarının arttığı belirlenmiştir; ancak gelir düzeyinin artışı olumsuz motivasyonlarda anlamlı bir değişiklik yaratmamaktadır. Çocuk sahibi bireylerin, çocuk sahibi olmayanlara kıyasla olumlu motivasyonlarının daha yüksek, olumsuz motivasyonlarının ise daha düşük olduğu dikkat çekmiştir. Eğitim düzeyine göre yapılan değerlendirmelerde ise eğitim seviyesi yükseldikçe bireylerin çocuk sahibi olma konusunu daha sorgulayıcı bir biçimde ele aldığı ve bu durumun motivasyon düzeylerine anlamlı bir şekilde yansıdığı gözlemlenmiştir. Ayrıca yaşanılan yer değişkeni açısından da dikkat çekici sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Kırsal bölgelerde yaşayan bireylerin çocuk sahibi olma konusunda daha olumlu yaklaşımlar sergilediği, kentte yaşayan bireylerde ise olumsuz motivasyonların daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlar, çocuk sahibi olma kararının yalnızca bireysel değil, aynı zamanda toplumsal etkenlerle de şekillendiğini ortaya koymaktadır.Childbearing has historically been considered a significant life decision at both individual and societal levels. In today's world, however, individuals' decisions regarding childbearing are shaped not only by traditional values but also by various factors such as economic conditions, level of education, tendencies toward individualization, and life expectations. This multifaceted structure renders childbearing motivations more complex and necessitates in-depth research on the topic. This study aims to examine individuals' positive and negative childbearing motivations in relation to sociodemographic variables such as gender, marital status, income level, education level, parental status, and place of residence. The research was conducted using a quantitative method and a relational survey model, with a total of 578 participants. Data were collected through the “Motivations for Having Children Scale” and a “Demographic Information Form.” The findings reveal that childbearing motivations significantly differ according to various sociodemographic characteristics. Gender-based analyses show that women have higher levels of positive motivation toward childbearing compared to men, while men exhibit more pronounced negative motivations. In terms of marital status, married individuals display higher positive motivation levels than divorced individuals. As income levels increase, positive childbearing motivations also rise; however, no significant change is observed in negative motivations. Furthermore, individuals who are already parents demonstrate stronger positive motivations and lower negative motivations than those who are not. Regarding education, higher levels of education are associated with a more questioning approach toward childbearing decisions, which is reflected in the motivation levels. Lastly, place of residence also plays a notable role: individuals living in rural areas tend to have more positive motivations, whereas those living in urban settings show higher levels of negative motivations. These results indicate that childbearing decisions are shaped not only by personal factors but also by broader societal influences
Development and Validation of Sport Law Knowledge Test
Get PDFThis study aims to develop a valid and reliable Sport Law Knowledge Test for preservice sport management students. The test was prepared by a panel including two professors having expertise on curriculum development, two university instructors lecturing sport law course and a Turkish language expert. Panel discussed and prepared 25 multiple-choice questions. Participants were 205 (122 male and 83 female) preservice sport management students who had successfully completed sport law course. Rasch modeling was used to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Sport Law Knowledge Test. Results showed that all test items demonstrated high internal consistency and reliability for both test items and person attended this study. The wright map showed that items demonstrated the cumulative norm. Overall analysis showed good evidence to support the validity and reliability of Sport Law Knowledge Test. Developed test can be used for measuring sport law knowledge level of preservice sport management students. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved