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The precarious work experiences of university students in shopping malls: The case of Düzce
Get PDFBu çalışma, genç işgücü içinde sayıları artan üniversite öğrencilerinin çalışma deneyimlerine odaklanmaktadır. Düzce'de bir alışveriş merkezinde perakende mağazalarda çalışan üniversite öğrencilerinin bireysel ve toplumsal düzeyde yaşadıkları etkiler incelenmiştir. Öğrencilerin çalışma koşulları, Standing'in prekarya kavramı çerçevesinde güvencesizlik bağlamında ele alınmaktadır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemi benimsenmiş ve fenomenolojik desen kullanılmıştır. 2024 yılı Ocak ve Şubat aylarında gerçekleştirilen araştırma, Düzce'de farklı fakültelerde öğrenim gören 12 öğrenciyle yapılan derinlemesine görüşmelere dayanmaktadır. Veriler, tematik analiz yöntemiyle değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular, öğrencilerin AVM'lerde çalışmaya yönelmelerinin temel nedenleri arasında ekonomik zorunluluklar, esnek çalışma saatleri, iş deneyimi kazanma isteği ve iş bulmanın görece kolay olması gibi etkenlerin öne çıktığını göstermektedir. Araştırmanın sonuçları, üniversite öğrencilerinin AVM'lerdeki güvencesiz çalışma deneyimleri üzerinden genç işgücünün karşı karşıya olduğu ekonomik ve sosyal zorluklara dikkat çekmektedir. Bu bağlamda, üniversite öğrencilerinin eğitimlerini sağlıklı bir biçimde sürdürebilmeleri için daha güvenli ve istikrarlı çalışma koşulları sağlanmalı; sosyal güvence sistemleri ve esnek çalışma düzenlemeleri öğrencilerin haklarını koruyacak şekilde yeniden yapılandırılmalıdır.This study examines the growing participation of university students in the young labor force, focusing on their work experiences in retail stores within a shopping mall in Düzce, Turkey. Drawing on Standing's concept of the precariat, the study analyzes the precarious working conditions faced by these students. Utilizing a qualitative, phenomenological research design, the study is based on in-depth interviews with 12 students from various faculties, conducted in January and February 2024. Thematic analysis reveals that key motivations for student employment include economic necessity, flexible working hours, opportunities to gain work experience, and the relative ease of finding such jobs. The findings underscore the broader economic and social challenges encountered by the young labor force, as reflected in students' precarious employment experiences. The study concludes that improving the security and stability of student employment, alongside enhancing social protection and adjusting flexible working arrangements, is essential to support students in continuing their education under more sustainable conditions
Potential use of decorin in preventing cerebral vasospasm through the inhibition of transforming growth factor-beta activity: Insights from an experimental rabbit subarachnoid hemorrhage model
Get PDFObjective: The development of vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a major cause of death and disability. It leads to structural changes such as smooth muscle and myofibroblast proliferation, necrosis, intimal hyperplasia, and vascular fibrosis. Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) activates nonmuscular myofibroblasts, promoting cerebral vasoconstriction. Decorin, a natural TGF-β inhibitor, has not yet been evaluated for its potential to prevent SAH-induced vasospasm. This study aimed to investigate the effects of decorin on cerebral vasculopathy and hippocampal injury in a rabbit model of TGF-β-induced vasospasm. Methods: Thirty-two male New Zealand white rabbits (2.5–4 kg) were randomly assigned to four groups: control, SAH, decorin, and TGF-β1. Except for the control group, all underwent the SAH procedure. The decorin group received 100 μg/kg decorin intraperitoneally for 3 days; the TGF-β1 group received 50 μg TGF-β1 intracisternally in 1 cc autologous CSF. Animals were sacrificed at 72 h using perfusion–fixation. Basilar artery cross-sectional area, wall thickness, and hippocampal degeneration scores were assessed using histopathological and statistical analysis systems. Results: Based on statistical analyses, decorin treatment significantly increased the cross-sectional area of the basilar artery but significantly reduced the wall thicknesses compared with those in the SAH and TGF-β1 groups. Furthermore, hippocampal neuronal degeneration scores were significantly lower in the decorin and control groups than in the SAH and TGF-β1 groups. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Conclusion: Decorin treatment in rabbits with experimentally induced SAH ameliorated TGF-β1-induced vasospasm, cerebral vasculopathy associated with vascular wall fibrosis, and subsequent decreased vessel wall thickness. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
The acquisition and effectiveness of IDEAL standards in discharge planning and education with simulation method
Get PDFBackground Basically, although all members of the health care team are responsible for the education of the patient and his/her family, discharge planning to provide self-care skills is the responsibility of the nurse. However, unfortunately, the satisfaction of patients with discharge education is not at the desired level. This study aims to examine the improvement of nursing students' discharge education competencies through simulation method aligned with the IDEAL discharge planning model-Include, Discuss, Educate, Assess, and Listen-developed by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Methods A mixed-method design was used in the study. Nineteen second-year nursing students enrolled in surgical nursing courses during the 2023-2024 academic year participated in a five-session simulation, with each session lasting approximately one hour. General Self-Efficacy Scale and Simulation Design Scale were used to obtain quantitative data, and semi-structured individual in-depth interview form was used to obtain qualitative data. Mean, standard deviation, and paired t-test were used to evaluate quantitative data; descriptive content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data, and participants were selected through purposive sampling based on their involvement in all simulation activities. Results Quantitative results showed an increase in post-test scores across all discharge education sessions (General total pretest = 55.86 +/- 6.59, posttest = 57.63 +/- 6.70). The most significant improvement was observed in the continuation effort and persistence sub-dimension of the General Self-Efficacy Scale during the fourth session (p <.05). Among the Simulation Design Scale components, support sub-dimension received the lowest (X +/- sd = 4.24 +/- 0.56) and fidelity the highest (X +/- sd = 4.58 +/- 0.52) scores. Qualitative findings indicated that as simulation sessions progressed, students reported greater confidence and communication skills; however, challenges remained in applying some IDEAL components, particularly discussing patient goals and involving families in the process. Conclusions As a result, it was determined that the simulation intervention improved the discharge education skills of nursing students and increased their self-confidence. Incorporating the IDEAL framework can foster more patient-centered care by emphasizing the inclusion of patients and their families in the discharge planning process. By supporting patients' understanding of post-discharge instructions, this approach can promote greater adherence to treatment plans and contribute to improved long-term health outcomes.Duezce University BAP [2021.16.01.1271]This study was supported by Duezce University BAP (Scientific Research Project) - Project No: 2021.16.01.1271 Scientific Research Project.
Nisâ Sûresi'nin 101. Âyeti Bağlamında Yolculuk ve Seferî Namazı ile İlgili Bir Değerlendirme
Get PDFAlmighty Allah sent prophets and sent down books to guide people in their duties of servitude, which is the purpose of their creation. The last prophet is Muhammad (pbuh) and the last book is the Holy Quran. The Prophet has two main duties regarding the Quran. One is to convey the Quran, the other is to explain it. This is because some verses of the Quran are detailed, while others are concise. One of the summary verses is verse 101 of Surah Al-Nisa. The verse states that there is no sin in shortening prayers when believers go on a journey and fear the fitnah (trial) of the enemy. However, the verse does not specify how the shortening should be done whether it should be done in the number of rakats or in the manner of performing the prayer, whether it should be done when there is no fear of the enemy, or whether it should be done during journeys made for worship, trade, or travel. The Prophet (pbuh) provided clarification on these matters, explaining the number of rakats for the five daily prayers, their first and last times and the manner of their performance. He also specified how shortening should be done in which prayers during travel, the distance that must be traveled and the duration of stay required to qualify as travel. However, jurists and exegetes have differed on the criteria to be considered for travel, the travel distance, the duration of stay at the destination, the circumstances of travel, fear, and war, as well as the number of rakats to be performed for four-rakat obligatory prayers and whether shortening is mandatory or optional, due to the brevity of the verse and the differing information contained in the hadiths related to the subject. The majority, taking the hadiths into consideration, have stipulated that in order to be considered a traveler, one must travel a certain distance and stay there for a certain period of time. For the distance of travel, the Hanafi jurists have taken “time” as the basis, while the majority have taken “distance” as the basis. According to the Hanafi school, for a person to be considered a traveler, they must walk a distance of “three days” on foot in moderate climates during the shortest days of the year and intend to stay there for less than 15 days. The majority, who base their opinion on the “distance” criterion, mention the distances between Mecca and Jeddah, Mecca and Taif, and Mecca and Usfan as travel distances. The distance between Mecca and Jeddah is 79 km, between Mecca and Taif is 88 km, and between Mecca and Usfan is 90 km. Considering the growth of the cities of Mecca, Jeddah, and Taif today, it is understood that the maximum travel distance is 90 km. Calculations based on the terms “berîd,” “fersah,” and “mil” mentioned in the hadiths for travel distance have determined the travel distance to be 88,704 km. Later Hanafi scholars also accepted that a person could walk 30 km in a day and 90 km in three days, and adopted 90 km as the travel distance. According to the Hanafis, a person who stays in a place within the travel distance for less than 15 days is considered a guest, while the majority opinion holds that a person who stays for three days, excluding the days of arrival and departure, is considered a guest
The Effects of Ball Recovery Times on Match Results in Football
Get PDFThe aim of this study is to analyze the ball recovery times of the teams in the Turkish Super League. The population of the research consists of football teams taking part in the 2021-2022 season of the Turkish Super League. The sample of the research consists of the teams that finished the league in the first 4 and last 4 places in the 21-22 season. For the analysis of the research, a total of 2 matches of the 8 football teams in the sample were selected by lottery method, 1 match in which they won and 1 match in which they lost. The relationship between the ball recovery times and the number of goals scored and conceded, ball possession rate, total number of shots, goal expectation and number of corners were examined using the video analysis method, and comparisons were made between the variables according to the match result. Also, the relationship between these five parameters and the ball recovery times and why the teams finished the league in the top 4 or the bottom 4 was also discussed. In the research findings, it is seen that there is a significant negative relationship between the ball recovery times and the number of goals scored, total number of shots, ball possession percentages, goal expectations and points received by the teams. Moreover, the findings show that the ball recovery times of the teams that won the match was much lower than the teams that lost the match. On the other hand, there is a significant positive relationship between the ball recovery times and the number of goals they concede. In addition, no statistically significant relationship was found between the ball recovery times and the number of corners taken by the teams. In conclusion, this research reveals that recovering the ball back faster is an important parameter for winning a match in football
Thermodynamic, Economic and Environmental Assessment of Vapor Compression Refrigeration System Using Mono and Binary Nanolubricants (TiO2-B)
Get PDFEnerji her geçen gün önemli bir hal almaktadır. Ancak, gelişmiş ülkelerdeki enerji tüketimi oldukça fazladır. Bu enerji tüketiminin neredeyse %40 binalardaki ısıtma, soğutma ve iklimlendirme sistemlerinden kaynaklıdır. Bu nedenle, bu sistemlerde yapılacak olan küçük bir iyileştirme bile küresel boyutta enerji tasarrufuna yol açacaktır. Bu durum için birçok çalışma yapılmaktadır. Bunlardan bir tanesi de soğutucu akışkanlara ve yağlayıcılara nanoparçacık ilave edilmesidir. Bu çalışmada, buhar sıkıştırmalı soğutma sisteminde farklı konsantrasyonlarda (3,5 g/L ve 7 g/L) kullanılan farklı nanoparçacıklardan (TiO2 ve Boron) elde edilen mono ve ikili nanoyağlayıcıların sistem üzerindeki etkileri enerji, ekserji, çevresel ve ekonomik açıdan değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, COP değerinde saf POE’ye göre 7 g/L TiO2-B ikili nanoyağlayıcıda %16,47’lik artış elde edilmiştir. Sistemdeki kompresörün enerji tüketiminde saf POE’ye göre 7 g/L TiO2-B ikili nanoyağlayıcıda %13,06’lık azalma meydana gelmiştir. Toplam ekserji yıkımında saf POE’ye göre 7 g/L TiO2-B ikili nanoyağlayıcıda %35,20’lik azalma tespit edilmiştir. Sisteminde ekserji veriminde saf POE’ye göre 7 g/L TiO2-B ikili nanoyağlayıcıda %43,44’lük artış meydana gelmiştir. Sistem ekonomik açıdan incelendiğinde saf POE’ye göre 7 g/L TiO2 ikili nanoyağlayıcıda %35,84’lük iyileşme gözlenmiştir. Sistem çevresel olarak incelendiğinde saf POE’ye göre 7 g/L TiO2-B ikili nanoyağlayıcıda %11,90’lık azalma gerçekleşmiştir. Sonuç olarak, saf POE’ye göre mono ve ikili nanoyağlayıcılar kullanıldığında konsantrasyon arttıkça sistem üzerinde önemli iyileşmeler meydana geldiği görülmektedir.Nowadays, the need for energy is gaining significant importance. However, energy consumption in developed countries is quite high. Almost 40% of this energy consumption comes from heating, refrigeration, and air conditioning systems in buildings. Hence, even a minor enhancement in refrigeration systems will lead to energy savings on a global scale. Many studies are being conducted for this circumstance. One of these is the addition of nanoparticles to refrigerants and lubricants. In this study, the effects of mono and binary nanolubricants obtained from different nanoparticles (TiO2 and Boron) used at different concentrations (3.5 g/L and 7 g/L) in the vapor compression refrigeration system were evaluated in terms of energy, exergy, environment, and economy. As a result, a 16.47% increase in COP value was obtained in 7 g/L TiO2-B binary nanolubricant compared to pure POE. The energy consumption of the compressor in the system reduced by 13.06% in the 7 g/L TiO2-B binary nanolubricant compared to POE. A 35.20% decrease in total exergy destruction was detected in 7 g/L TiO2-B binary nanolubricant compared to POE. 43.44% increase in exergy efficiency occurred in 7 g/L TiO2-B binary nanolubricant compared to POE in the system. When the system was examined from an economic perspective, a 35.84% improvement was observed in the 7 g/L TiO2 binary nanolubricant compared to POE. When the system was examined environmentally, an 11.90% reduction was achieved in 7 g/L TiO2-B binary nanolubricant compared to POE. As a result, it is seen that significant improvements occur in the system as the concentration increases when mono and binary nanolubricants are used compared to POE
An Investigation of Ex-convicts’ Views on Social Assistance and Social Security
Get PDFÇalışmanın amacı, eski hükümlü bireylerin sosyal yardımlar ve sosyal güvenlikle ilgili görüşlerinin incelenmesidir. Bu kapsamda saha araştırması, Düzce ilinde ikamet etmekte olan 15 eski hükümlü birey ile derinlemesine mülakat tekniği kullanarak yapılmıştır. Katılımcılar kasten yaralama, yağma, cinsel saldırı, çıkar amaçlı örgüt kurma, uyuşturucu madde ticareti, öldürmeye teşebbüs, kasten adam öldürme ve dolandırıcılık suçlarından dolayı cezaevinde kalmış kişilerdir. Örneklemin yaş ortalaması 40,13’tür ve ortalama olarak cezaevinde kaldıkları süre 5,13 yıldır. Çoğunluğunun (14 kişi) sosyal güvencesi bulunmaktadır. Araştırma sonucunda, katılımcıların hepsinin sosyal güvenlik ve sosyal yardımlar hakkında bilgi sahibi olduğu ancak çoğunluğunun (13 kişi) sosyal yardımlardan faydalanmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Katılımcılar, sosyal güvenlik sisteminin daha iyi işlemesi için ayrımcılığın olmaması gerektiği önerisinde bulunmuştur.The purpose of the study is to examine the opinions of ex-convicts on social assistance and social security. Within this scope, field research was conducted using an in-depth interview with 15 ex-convicts residing in Düzce province. Participants are individuals who have served prison sentences for crimes such as assault, robbery, sexual assault, forming criminal organisations for profit, drug trafficking, attempted murder, murder, and fraud. The average age of the sample is 40.13 years, and the average duration of their imprisonment is 5.13 years. The majority (14 individuals) have social security knowledge. The research findings indicate that all participants know social security and social assistance, but the majority (13 individuals) do not benefit from social assistance. Participants suggest that there should be no discrimination for the social security system to function better
Alüminyum Alaşımlı Metal Matris Kompozitlerde Korozyon Yorulma Çatlak Büyümesinin İncelenmesi: Karşılaştırmalı Bir Çalışma
Get PDFThe need for high-strength alloys that can withstand the harsh conditions of saline environments is a common challenge in engineering applications. These materials must maintain their structural integrity under corrosive conditions. Corrosion fatigue of aluminium-based composites is an important consideration in the design and use of these materials, as it can significantly reduce the strength and service life of the composite. Corrosion fatigue occurs when a material is repeatedly exposed to a corrosive environment and cyclic loading, leading to the formation of cracks and eventual failure. The susceptibility of aluminium-based composites to corrosion fatigue depends on several factors, including the type and amount of reinforcement used, the composition of the matrix and the specific corrosive environment. It is therefore important that these factors are carefully considered and appropriate testing carried out to ensure the longevity and reliability of the composite in its intended application. In this study, fatigue crack growth tests were carried out at four different stress ratios on 2124-T4 +25% SiCp/Al composites at room temperature and in a 3.5% salt solution environment. It was found that the influence of the salt solution at low stress ratios was significant on the fatigue crack growth rates. However, the effect of the saline environment on the fatigue response diminished at high stress ratios.Tuzlu ortamların zorlu koşullarına dayanabilecek yüksek mukavemetli alaşımlara duyulan ihtiyaç, mühendislik uygulamalarında yaygın bir zorluktur. Bu malzemeler korozif koşullar altında yapısal bütünlüklerini korumalıdır. Alüminyum bazlı kompozitlerin korozyon yorgunluğu, kompozitin mukavemetini ve hizmet ömrünü önemli ölçüde azaltabileceğinden, bu malzemelerin tasarımında ve kullanımında önemli bir husustur. Korozyon yorgunluğu, bir malzeme tekrar tekrar korozif bir ortama ve döngüsel yüklemeye maruz kaldığında ortaya çıkar ve çatlak oluşumuna ve nihayetinde malzemenin hasar görmesine yol açar. Alüminyum bazlı kompozitlerin korozyon yorgunluğuna karşı duyarlılığı, kullanılan takviye tipi ve miktarı, matrisin bileşimi ve spesifik aşındırıcı ortam gibi çeşitli faktörlere bağlıdır. Bu nedenle, kompozitin amaçlanan uygulamada uzun ömürlü ve güvenilir olmasını sağlamak için bu faktörlerin dikkatlice değerlendirilmesi ve uygun testlerin yapılması önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, 2124-T4 +%25 SiCp/Al kompozitler üzerinde oda sıcaklığında ve %3.5 tuz çözeltisi ortamında dört farklı gerilme oranında yorulma çatlağı büyüme testleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Düşük gerilme oranlarında tuz çözeltisinin etkisinin yorulma çatlak büyüme oranları üzerinde önemli olduğu bulunmuştur. Bununla birlikte, tuzlu ortamın yorulma tepkisi üzerindeki etkisi yüksek gerilme oranlarında azalmıştır
Experimental and statistical investigation of the effect of input parameters on output parameters in laser cutting of stainless steel material
Get PDFThis study experimentally and statistically investigated the effects of machining parameters on surface roughness and upper and lower kerf widths during the laser cutting of AISI 304 stainless steel. The experimental design was based on the L18 orthogonal array of the Taguchi technique. Laser cutting parameters included focal point (-4 mm and 4 mm), gas pressure (5, 10, and 15 bar), and cutting speed (5000, 7500, and 10,000 mm/min). The results showed that cutting speed and gas pressure reduced surface roughness up to a critical threshold. Additionally, increasing cutting speed decreased kerf widths, while higher gas pressure led to increased upper and lower kerf widths. Statistical analysis identified cutting speed as the most influential parameter for surface roughness (56.05%), upper kerf width (35.33%), and lower kerf width (66.33%). Finally, the Taguchi-based Grey relational analysis determined the optimal machining parameters as A2B1C3
Generalized k-Cesàro Polynomials
Get PDFThe main purpose of this study is to introduce k-analogue of the generalized Ces & agrave;ro polynomials and give their some properties. Firstly, generalized k-Ces & agrave;ro polynomials are defined with the help of a generating function relation. After getting the explicit form of these polynomials, various generating function relations, the Mellin transform formula, expressions in terms of k-hypergeometric function and some integral representations are obtained