21241 research outputs found
Sort by
The impact of macroeconomic indicators on private health insurance premiums
Get PDFÖzel sağlık sigortası, bireylerin sağlık hizmetlerine erişimini kolaylaştırmak ve mali risklerini azaltmak için önemli bir araç olarak kabul edilir. Genellikle devletin sunduğu sağlık hizmetlerinin yetersiz olduğu veya kapsamının dar olduğu durumlarda tercih edilir. Özel sağlık sigortası kamu sağlık harcamalarının genel kamu giderleri içerisindeki payını azaltarak sağlık hizmetlerinin finansmanına katkı sağlar. Sağlık hizmetlerinin kalitesini artırarak sağlık hizmetlerinin sürdürülebilirliğine destek olur. Bazı makroekonomik göstergeler, bireylerin özel sağlık sigortası yapma eğilimini artırabilir veya azaltabilir. Ekonomik istikrarsızlık dönemlerinde gelir kaybı yaşayan insanların özel sağlık sigortası primlerini olumsuz yönde etkilemesi beklenir. Bu çalışmada makroekonomik göstergelerin özel sağlık sigortası prim değerleri üzerindeki etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada 2015-2023 dönemini kapsayan aylık olarak ifade edilen ikincil veri seti kullanılmıştır. Bağımlı değişken olarak 25 özel sağlık sigorta hizmeti veren işletmelerin aylık reel pirim değeri kullanılmıştır. Özel sağlık sigorta pirim değerine etki ettiği düşünülen makro büyüklükler ise BİST 100 endeksi, cari açık, döviz kuru, mevduat faiz oranı, sanayi üretim endeksi ve TÜFE endeksidir. Çalışmada zaman serileri analizlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Her bir makro büyüklüğün özel sağlık sigortası pirim değeri ile ilişkisi Johansen ve ARDL eşbütünleşme metodelojisi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre özel sağlık sigortası ile BİST endeksi arasında; özel sağlık sigortası ile cari açık arasında; özel sağlık sigortası ile dolar kuru arasında; özel sağlık sigortası ile mevduat faiz oranı arasında; özel sağlık sigortası ile sanayi üretim endeksi arsında ve özel sağlık sigortası ile TÜFE arasında eşbütünleşme ilişkisi olduğu belirlenmiştir.Private health insurance is considered an important tool to facilitate individuals' access to healthcare services and reduce financial risks. It is often preferred in situations where the healthcare services provided by the state are inadequate or limited in scope. Private health insurance contributes to the financing of healthcare services by reducing the share of public healthcare expenditures in total public expenditures. It supports the sustainability of healthcare services by improving the quality of healthcare services. Some macroeconomic indicators may increase or decrease individuals' tendency to purchase private health insurance. It is expected that economic instability periods will negatively affect the private health insurance premiums of individuals experiencing income loss. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of macroeconomic indicators on private health insurance premium values. The study uses secondary data covering the period from 2015 to 2023, expressed on a monthly basis. The monthly real premium value of 25 businesses providing private health insurance services is used as the dependent variable. The macro magnitudes considered to affect private health insurance premiums are BIST 100 index, current account deficit, exchange rate, deposit interest rate, industrial production index, and CPI index. Time series analyses are utilized in the study. The relationship between each macro magnitude and private health insurance premium value is analyzed using the Johansen and ARDL cointegration methodology. The results indicate cointegration relationships between private health insurance and the BIST index, private health insurance and the current account deficit, private health insurance and the exchange rate, private health insurance and the deposit interest rate, private health insurance and the industrial production index, and private health insurance and the CPI
Analysis and evaluation of quality parameters of commercial propolis products using a new high Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method and Comparison of antimicrobial properties
Get PDFPropolis, which has an important place in functional foods, is a natural bee product with high biological active value and is consumed in different formulations and packages worldwide. Thanks to the active compounds it contains, propolis shows biological properties such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiprotozoal, antitumoral, antiulcer and anti-inflammatory. However, it is seen that propolis supplements are prepared unconsciously in the market. Such commercial products need to be standardized. Within the scope of this study, characteristic compounds of Turkish propolis were initially determined with support from the literature. Subsequently, bioactive components of 23 commercial propolis products were analyzed using the new HPLC method. Then, the flavonoid content and antimicrobial activity of the samples were determined. According to the results of these analyses, the amounts of Caffeic Acid (2,16-1620,57 ppm, Quercetin (0,19-203,99 ppm), Apigenin (0,30-319,08 ppm), Kaempferol (0,56-251,15 ppm), Chrysin (3,97-2830,93 ppm), and Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (13,08-9666,48 ppm) were found to be quite different. The highest flavonoid content was measured as P2: 20847,43 mg/L and the lowest was 00003,10 mg/L in sample P13. Samples prepared for children were found to be highly diluted in terms of content. Again, it was determined that the samples with high preservation of active ingredients were products with production certificates based on laboratory analyzes. The samples were generally found to have inhibition activity against Gram (+) bacteria. Propolis samples P6 and P22 showed high activity against Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria and even fungi. When we evaluated some products that are insufficient in terms of content and antimicrobial activity, it was observed that antimicrobial activity increased depending on the other auxiliary chemicals used in the products. In this context, propolis products, which are very valuable in terms of health, may lose their real activity due to uncontrolled production and will gradually be devalued in the market. It is important that this valuable product should be produced and offered to the market with the necessary analysis methods without losing its effectiveness.Duzce University Scientific Research Projects Support Program [BAP- 2021.05.03.1224]This study was supported by the Scientific Research Project numbered BAP- 2021.05.03.1224 within the scope of Duzce University Scientific Research Projects Support Progra
Development and implementation of collaborative smart contract model in blockchain technology
Get PDFBlokzincir teknolojisi, tüm şifreli işlemleri en kısa tanımlama ile izlemek ve güvence altına almak için geliştirilmiş dağıtık bir veri kayıt sistemidir. Blockchain teknolojisi 2008 yılında adından söz ettirmiştir. Bu teknolojinin ortaya çıkışı, çeşitli alanlarda yenilikçi çözümler için fırsatlar yaratmaktadır. Bu çözümlerden biri, sözleşme hüküm ve koşullarının yürütülmesini otomatikleştirebilen akıllı sözleşmeler (AS – Smart Contracts SC) kavramıdır. Kripto para dünyasında akıllı sözleşme, Blokzincir üzerinde çalışan bir uygulama veya program olarak tanımlanabilir. Belirli kurallara uyması gereken dijital anlaşmalar olarak çalışırlar. Bu kurallar bilgisayar kodları tarafından önceden belirlenir ve daha sonra tüm ağdaki sunucular tarafından kopyalanır ve uygulanırlar. Bu tezde, akıllı sözleşmelerin ve işbirlikçi karar vermenin faydalarını birleştiren yeni bir yaklaşım olan İşbirlikçi Akıllı Sözleşmeleri (İAS, Collaborative Smart Contrats CoSC) tanıtıyoruz. CoSC, daha şeffaf ve adil bir sistem sağlayarak, birden çok tarafın sözleşme yürütme sürecine katılmasına izin vermektedir. Bu tez çalışmasında uygulama örnekleri olarak Araç ve Gayrimenkul alım satım senaryoları işbirlikçi akıllı kontratlar ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Önerilen yaklaşımımız, CoSC için güvenli ve merkezi olmayan bir ortam oluşturmak için bir konsorsiyum blokzinciri ağı kullanır. CoSC modeli, alıcı, satıcı ve işleme dâhil olan diğer ilgili taraflar arasındaki iletişimi, işbirliğini ve karar vermeyi kolaylaştırmaktadır. CoSC modelinin performansı yürütme süresi, faydalar ve güvenlik açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Tez çalışmasında, CoSC modelinin, blokzincir ağının daha verimli kullanımının sağlanması, kod karmaşasının önüne geçilmesi, modülerlik, yeni teknolojilere entegrasyonun kolaylaşması gibi bir çok fayda sağladığı görülmüştür. Ek olarak, tez çalışmasında, CoSC modeli değerlendirmesinde akıllı sözleşmelerin ağa dağıtılma süresi olarak ortalama %20+ başarı sağlanmıştır. Sonuçlar, CoSC'nin karmaşık, çok taraflı işlemler için umut verici bir çözüm olduğunu ve emlak ve araç alım-satım sektörü başta olmak üzere, tüm sektörlerde verimliliği, şeffaflığı ve güvenilirliği artırabileceğini göstermektedir.Blockchain technology is a distributed data recording system developed to track and secure all encrypted transactions with the shortest identification. Blockchain technology made a name for itself in 2008. The emergence of this technology creates opportunities for innovative solutions in various fields. One of these solutions is the concept of smart contracts (SC), which can automate the execution of contract terms and conditions. In the cryptocurrency world, a smart contract can be defined as an application or program that runs on Blockchain. They operate as digital agreements that must follow certain rules. These rules are predetermined by computer codes and are then copied and enforced by servers throughout the network. In this thesis, we introduce Collaborative Smart Contracts (CoSC), a new approach that combines the benefits of smart contracts and collaborative decision-making. CoSC allows multiple parties to participate in the contract execution process, providing a more transparent and fair system. In this thesis study, Vehicle and Real Estate buying and selling scenarios were implemented with collaborative smart contracts as application examples. Our proposed approach uses a consortium blockchain network to create a secure and decentralized environment for CoSC. The CoSC model facilitates communication, collaboration and decision-making between the buyer, seller and other interested parties involved in the transaction. The performance of the CoSC model was evaluated in terms of execution time, benefits, and security. In the thesis study, it has been seen that the CoSC model provides many benefits such as ensuring more efficient use of the blockchain network, preventing code confusion, modularity, and facilitating integration with new technologies. In addition, in the evaluation of the CoSC model, an average of 20%+ success was achieved in terms of the time it took to deploy smart contracts to the network. The results show that CoSC is a promising solution for complex, multi-party transactions and can increase efficiency, transparency and reliability in all sectors, especially the real estate and vehicle buying and selling sectors
Investigation of Mersin city Kulturpark meeting areas and Cumhuri̇yet Square in terms of functionality
Get PDFPeyzaj Tasarımında; kent meydanlarının planlanmasında en önemli etken insandır. İnsan ihtiyaçları ve fonksiyonları düşünülerek yapılan mekânsal düzenlemeler bu noktaların kentlerin odak merkezi haline gelmesini sağlayacaktır. Bu araştırmada; Mersin Kent Merkezi'nde bulunan 5 adet meydan seçilmiştir. Başarılı bir meydan tasarımı için düşünülecek birçok tasarım kriteri vardır. Kentin konumu ve meydanların genel durumları göz önüne alınarak ağırlıklandırma (çoklu kriter) yöntemi ile 15 değerlendirme kriteri ve 3 alt değerlendirme kriteri belirlenmiştir. Alanında uzman 54 kişiye anket yapılarak belirlenen 15 değerlendirme kriteri için ankette çıkan sonuçlara göre çarpan kriterleri (çarpan kriteri 3-çarpan kriteri 2-çarpan kriteri 1) verilmiş ve temsil dereceleri belirlenmiştir. Değerlendirme kriterleri meydanlara uygulanmış ve her bir kriter için elde edilen toplam kriter puanı çarpan kriteriyle çarpılarak aldığı toplam puanlar elde edilmiştir. Meydanlar toplamda en az 0 en çok 183 puan alabilmektedir. Aldıkları puanlara göre girdikleri temsil grupları belirlenerek değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Buna göre; Cumhuriyet Meydanı 156 puan (Çok yüksek puanlı meydan), Bjk 100.Yıl Meydanı 110 puan (Yüksek puanlı meydan), Mersin İdman Yurdu Meydanı 116 puan (Yüksek puanlı meydan), Fenerbahçe Meydanı 186 puan (Çok yüksek puanlı meydan), Galatasaray Meydanı 198 puan (Çok yüksek puanlı meydan) almıştır.In Landscape Design; The most important factor in the planning of city squares is people. Spatial arrangements made considering human needs and functions will enable these points to become the focal centers of cities. In this study; 5 squares in Mersin City Center were selected. There are many design criteria to consider for a successful square design. Considering the location of the city and the general conditions of the squares, 15 evaluation criteria and 3 sub-evaluation criteria were determined by the weighting (multiple criteria) method. For 15 evaluation criteria determined by conducting a survey with 54 experts in the field, multiplier criteria (multiplier criterion 3- multiplier criterion 2- multiplier criterion 1) were given according to the results of the survey and their degree of representation was determined. Evaluation criteria were applied to the squares and the total score obtained for each criterion was multiplied by the multiplier criterion to obtain the total scores. Squares can receive a minimum of 0 and a maximum of 183 points in total. An evaluation was made by determining the representative groups they entered according to the scores they received. According to this; Cumhuriyet Square 156 points (Very high score square), Bjk 100.Yıl Square 110 points (High score square), Mersin İdman Yurdu Square 116 points (High score square), Fenerbahçe Square 186 points (Very high score square), Galatasaray Square 198 (Very high scoring challenge)
A NOTE ON SIMPSON 3/8 RULE FOR FUNCTION WHOSE MODULUS OF FIRST DERIVATIVES ARE s-CONVEX FUNCTION WITH APPLICATION
Get PDFResearchers continue to explore and introduce new operators, methods, and applications related to fractional integrals and inequalities. In recent years, fractional integrals and inequalities have gained a lot of attention. In this paper, firstly we established the new identity for the case of differentiable function through the fractional operator (Caputo-Fabrizio). By utilizing this novel identity, the obtained results are improved for Simpson second formula-type inequality. Based on this identity the Simpson second formula-type inequality is proved for the s-convex functions. Furthermore, we also include the applications to special means
Investigation of the presence of concha bullosa in patients with septum septum nasi deviation using CT images
Get PDFNasal septum, burnun önemli anatomik yapısı ve desteğidir. Kulak Burun Boğaz polikliniğine başvurulan en sık sebeplerden biri de burun tıkanıklığıdır. Septum nasi deviasyonu burun tıkanıklığına zemin hazırlayan etkenlerden arasında yer almaktadır. Septum nasi'de meydana gelen deviasyon sonucunda paranasal sinüslerde çeşitli anatomik varyasyonlar meydana gelir. Oluşan anatomik varyasyonlar arasında concha bullosa da yer almaktadır. Septum nasi deviasyonu ile concha bullosa varlığı nasal pasajı tıkayarak nefes alma sürecinde sorun yaratmaktadır. Çalışmamız septum nasi deviasyonuna sahip bireylerde radyolojik görüntüleri mevcut 278 hastanın 3D-MPR yöntemi ile concha bullosa varlığı incelendi. Septum nasi ölçümleri yapılan hastalarda concha bullosa varlığı irdelendi. Yapılan ölçümler ile septum nasi uzunluğu, septal deviasyon açısı, septal deviasyon miktarı ölçülerek birbirine oranlandı. Çalışmamızda tespit edilen septum nasi uzunluğu arasında fark olmadığı belirlendi (p>0,05). Septal deviasyon açısı ile septal deviasyon miktarı arasında anlamlı fark olduğunu belirlendi (p0,05). Sol septal açı gruplarında concha bullosa varlığının anlamlı olduğu görüldü (p0,05). Concha bullosa tipleri ile cinsiyet arasında anlamlı farklılık belirlenmedi (p>0,05). Sağ taraf concha bullosa tipleri ile sol taraf concha bullosa tipleri arasında anlamlı farklılık bulundu (p0.05), and there was a significant difference between the septal deviation angle and the amount of septal deviation (p0.05). The concha bullosa was significant in the left septal angle groups (p0.05). There was no significant relation between concha bullosa types and gender (p>0.05). A significant difference was found between the types of concha bullosa on the right side and the types of concha bullosa on the left side (p<0.05). It was thought that studies should be conducted in a wider group of cases that septum deviation can cause concha bullosa. It was concluded that emphasis on the sinonasal region and control of anatomical exercises before surgical operations may be very important in preventing possible movements
تطوير لغة نمذجة رسومية خاصة بتكوين نماذج لخوارزميات تشفير الكتلة خفيفة الوزن LWBCLang
Get PDFThe lightweight block cipher is an encryption technique with negligible computational overhead. Despite its advantages, it faces a substantial challenge. Correct handwriting of the script code for the cipher scheme is a challenge for programmers. In this research, we suggest a new graphical domain-specific modeling language to make it easier for both non-technical users and domain specialists to implement lightweight block cipher schemes. The proposed language, called LWBCLang, is a modular and extensible language that offers graphical components for constructing three essential types of inner block cipher structures. Seven different methods of keystream generation and all the tests of the NIST suite with performance analysis are provided. In the context of its meta-model, LWBCLang's abstract and concrete syntaxes are specified. LWBCLang has been implemented as an internal DSML with Python as the host language. The evaluation of LWBCLang is based on qualitative analysis to demonstrate the language's effectiveness and efficiency. Further benefits of this proposed language are evaluated and discussed in depth in this research. © 2024 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Investigation of Mechanical Properties and Color Changes of 3D-Printed Parts with Different Infill Ratios and Colors After Aging
Get PDFSince their inception, plastics have become indispensable materials. However, plastics used for extended periods in industrial applications are prone to aging, which negatively impacts their material behavior and performance. To ensure the long-term usability of these materials, they must be tested in real-time, in-service environments to assess degradation. In practice, however, accelerated aging techniques are commonly employed to avoid time loss. Over time, various indicators of degradation in plastics emerge, such as changes in molecular weight, cracking, and mechanical properties like strain at break and impact strength. Among these, color deterioration or change is a critical factor that helps evaluate the service life of these materials. Considering the increasing use of plastics in 3D printing today, and the growing focus on strength over aesthetics in these applications, it is particularly useful to evaluate aging in plastics based on the relationship between color and strength. The wide application of 3D printing in various industries necessitates understanding material properties under aging conditions. This study examines the effects of aging on the mechanical behavior of polylactic acid (PLA) with three different colors (yellow, orange, and red) and three different infill ratios (20%, 60%, and 100%). The samples underwent an accelerated aging process of 432 h, which included 8 h of UV radiation, 15 min of water spraying, followed by 3 h and 45 min with the UV lamps turned off. Tensile tests, bending tests, hardness measurements, and color evaluations were conducted on the samples, linking the color changes after aging with the materials' mechanical properties. The results show that after aging, yellow samples with a 100% infill ratio exhibited a 6.9% increase in tensile strength (44.50 MPa to 47.58 MPa). Orange samples with a 100% infill ratio were less affected by aging, while red samples experienced a decrease in tensile strength across all infill ratios. Regarding bending force, increases were observed in the orange, yellow, and red samples by 10.37%, 25.05%, and 8.87%, respectively. This study underscores the importance of color selection when designing 3D-printed materials for long-term applications
Energy and exergy analyses of modified solar still with coated hybrid nanomaterial on absorber plate
Get PDFAlthough desalination methods have been extensively used, many of them need substantial installations and access to sophisticated infrastructure to generate fresh water. The solar still uses 0.2% reduced graphene/cerium oxide nanoparticles as a hybrid nanoparticle material and it uses coated absorber solar still. The hybrid nanomaterial is embedded in commercial black paint of absorber plate and walls of solar still. Exergy annihilations in different parts of the sun-powered stills have been determined and examined. Dissipation is quicker and the exergy of evaporation is higher at improved sunlight-based stills than that of black paint coating still. Moreover, the exergy and energy efficiencies of the improved stills are upgraded contrasted and with the black paint coating still. A short conversation concerning the impact of various boundaries on sunlight-based stills effectiveness is likewise introduced. The daytime energy productivity of reduced graphene and cerium oxide/water blends is 43.26%, yet the old style is just 30.17%. The hourly exergy efficiency increases up to 0.47% by using nanoparticle coating. It has been discovered that salty water temperature and heat transfer rate are both increased by adding graphene/cerium oxide nanoparticles to black paint. The proposed system's solar still productivity is higher than that of black paint coating on the absorber plate of the solar still. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Examination of cervical cancer knowledge and risk levels of individuals applying for cervical cancer screening together with screening results and nutritional content
Get PDFAmaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, serviks kanseri taraması için başvuran bireylerin, serviks kanseri açısından bilgi ve risk düzeylerini belirlemek, beslenme alışkanlıklarını sorgulamak, tarama sonuçlarını değerlendirmek ve elde ettiğimiz bu veriler arasındaki ilişkileri incelemektir. Gereç-Yöntem: Araştırma, Düzce ili KETEM polikliniğinde gerçekleştirilen kesitsel tipte bir çalışmadır. Çalışmaya 01.12.2023-31.03.2024 tarihleri arasında serviks kanseri taraması için başvuran 268 birey dahil edilmiştir. Bireylerin sosyodemografik verileri, serviks kanseri bilgi ve risk düzeyleri, beslenme alışkanlıkları ve tarama sonuçları toplanmıştır. Veriler, anket formları ve tıbbi kayıtlar üzerinden elde edilmiştir. Toplanan veriler SPSS 23(Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 23) istatistik programı ile analiz edilmiştir. İstatistiksel anlamlılık "p" ile gösterilmiş ve p0,05). Katılımcıların çoğunluğu sağlıklı beslenme alışkanlıklarına sahiptir, tahıl, taze meyve-sebze ve süt ürünleri sık tüketilmektedir. Çalışmamızda bilgi düzeyleri ile beslenme içerikleri arasında anlamlı ilişki bulunamamıştır (p>0,05). Fakat risk düzeyi ile beslenme içerikleri arasında bazı besinler açısından anlamlı fark vardır (p0.05). The majority of the participants had healthy eating habits and consumed cereals, fresh fruits and vegetables and dairy products frequently. In our study, no significant relationship was found between the level of knowledge and nutritional content (p>0.05). However, there is a significant difference between risk level and nutritional content in terms of some foods (p<0.05). In our study, 8.2% of the participants had a positive HPV result. In our study, 4,5% of HPV positive patients were found to have HGSIL (n=1), 4,5% LSIL (n=1), 4,5% Squamous Cell Carcinoma (n=1). HPV positivity rate was found to be significantly higher in participants with a history of STD and those whose age at first sexual intercourse was younger than 16 years (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our study emphasises that participation in cervical cancer screening should be increased and public awareness raising activities are very important in this context. In order to increase the effectiveness of early diagnosis and prevention strategies of cervical cancer in the community, the public should be more aware of cervical cancer screenings, participation in screenings should be encouraged, and educational programmes and awareness campaigns should be organised in this context. Especially information on risk factors, sexual health, HPV and HPV vaccine should be increased