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İş Sağlığı ve Biyogüvenlik Kapsamında Hayvan Deneyleri Çalışmaları ve Laboratuvar Güvenliği
Get PDFOccupational health and biosecurity terms include scientific approaches regarding ethical values, reliable methods, and a series of precautions to be taken against risks and hazards for employees and the living material being studied. Research and development activities carried out within the scope of biotechnology involve many risks under laboratory conditions, which are their own physical area. Many precautions and practices have been defined to analyze these risks and take precautions before they occur, and laboratory guides have been created in line with these definitions. During studies carried out with experimental animals under laboratory conditions, safe working rules may be violated due to physical conditions, equipment and materials, treatments applied to the subjects, negligence, or faulty practices caused by the researcher or expert. Biosafety in animal experiments consists of a set of ethical conditions and practices declared in the guidelines of specialized laboratories at their own level, protecting employees, subjects, and life outside the laboratory. In this review, possible risks and dangers that may arise at different biosafety levels and the precautions and practices that can be taken against them are evaluated. In this way, it was aimed to contribute to the development of laboratory and biosafety criteria in animal experiments. © 2024, Duzce University Medical School. All rights reserved
Chemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activities of endemic Cephalaria tuteliana
Get PDFIntroduction: The genus Cephalaria, belonging to the Caprifoliaceae family, is a rich source of secondary metabolites, including mainly saponins which display a variety of biological activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancerous effects. This study was carried out to observe the biochemical composition and to evaluate the biological activities of Cephalaria tuteliana Kus & Gokturk. Methods: The composition of endemic C. tuteliana was determined through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) studies. Antimicrobial effect were determined by the disk diffusion and dilution methods for test bacteria and test fungi. The antioxidant potential of the ethanol extract was also investigated. Cell proliferation and apoptosis analysis were investigated by WST-1 and ELISA methods. The migration level of PC-3 prostate cancer cells after plant extract application was examined by wound healing assay. Also, molecular docking experiments were performed to investigate the anticancer activity of the major component found in the C.tuteliana extract. Results: GC-MS analysis showed that the predominant compounds were Phenol, 2,20-methylenebis [6-(1,1dimethyl ethyl)-4-methyl- (23.54 %), 9,12,15-octadecatrien-1-ol, (Z,Z,Z)-(6.06 %) and n-Hexadecanoic acid (3.03 %). The ethanolic extract of C. tuteliana displayed moderate antimicrobial activity against a spectrum of tested microorganisms. Also, it exhibited significant antiproliferative effects on PC-3 human prostate cancer cells while having no harmful effects on healthy control HUVEC cells. Furthermore, enhanced expressions of Caspase-3, 8, and 9 were observed in PC-3 cells after plant extract treatment. Also, cell migration level was notably reduced, especially at a dose of 400 mg/mL in PC-3 cells. The DPPH free radical scavenging activity of ethanolic extracts of C. tuteliana showed higher activity than ascorbic acid. Molecular docking experiments showed potential binding of the major aromatic compound in C.tuteliana extract to human androgen receptor 1E3G protein. Conclusion: These findings highlight the potential of C. tuteliana as a valuable natural resource and pave the way for further in vivo prostate cancer investigations. (c) 2024 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
A Visceral Leishmaniasis Case from the Black Sea Region: Skin Lesions and Leishmania donovani Amastigotes in the Bone Marrow
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The effect of parents' cultural and social capital on the high school entrance exam of gifted children
Get PDFBu araştırma, üstün yetenekli çocukların lise giriş sınavlarındaki başarısının, kültürel ve sosyal sermaye bağlamında incelenmesini konu edinmiştir. Bu araştırma, nitel yöntem kullanılarak yapılan bir alan çalışmasıdır. Bu kapsamda Düzce ilindeki Düzce Bilim ve Sanat Merkezinde (BİLSEM) eğitim gören 2020, 2021, yıllarında lise giriş sınavlarına giren 23 üstün yetenekli çocuğun ailesi ile derinlemesine mülakat yapılmıştır, bu görüşmeler sonucunda eğitim performansları ve sosyal sermayelerinin oluşumu üzerinde ailelerin yaş, eğitim düzeyi, mesleki ve gelir durumları gibi faktörlerin etkisi belirginleşmiştir. Ailelerin çoğunlukla orta gelir düzeyinde olduğu ve çocuklarına eğitim konusunda yeterli maddi destek sağlayabildiği, özellikle ebeveynlerin yüksek eğitim düzeyine sahip olmalarının, çocuklarının eğitimine katkı sağlama potansiyellerini artırdığı gözlemlenmiştir. Mesleki çeşitlilik ve özel sektörde çalışma eğilimi, ailelerin ekonomik kaynaklarının genişliğine işaret etmekte, iki çocuklu aile yapısının yaygınlığı ise kaynakların çocuklara yönlendirilmesinde belirleyici bir rol oynadığı analiz edilmiştir. Konut sahipliği ve çocukların özel oda sahibi olma durumu, maddi istikrar ve çocukların öğrenme ortamları arasındaki ilişkiyi gösterirken, çoğu velinin kronik rahatsızlıklardan uzak sağlık durumu, onların çocuklarına aktif destek olma kapasitelerini yansıtmaktadır. Bu çalışma, üstün yetenekli çocukların eğitim süreçlerinde kültürel ve sosyal sermayenin rolünü ve önemini vurgulayarak, bu alandaki literatüre önemli bir katkı sunmaktadır. Analizler, kültürel ve sosyal sermayenin göstergeleri olarak aile yapısı, mesleki durumlar, gelir düzeyleri ve eğitim faaliyetlerine katılım gibi çeşitli faktörleri dikkate almakta, bu faktörlerin öğrencilerin akademik başarıları ve sosyal sermayelerinin gelişimi üzerindeki etkisini belirlemiştir. Anahtar Sözcükler: Kültürel Sermaye, Sosyal Sermaye, Üstün Yetenekli Çocuklar, Bilim ve Sanat Merkezleri, Eğitim Performansı, Aile Yapısı, Sosyo-Ekonomik Dinamikler.This study investigates the impact of cultural and social capital on the high school entrance exam performance of gifted children. Conducted as a qualitative field study, in-depth interviews were held with the families of 23 gifted students who attended Düzce Science and Art Center (BİLSEM) and participated in the high school entrance exams between 2020 and 2021. These discussions revealed significant effects of factors such as family age, educational level, professional and income status on the formation of educational performance and social capital. It has been observed that most families, being of middle-income level, can provide sufficient financial support for their children's education. Particularly, the high educational level of the parents has been found to enhance their potential to contribute to their children's education. Professional diversity and a tendency to work in the private sector indicate the breadth of families' economic resources, and the prevalence of two-child families appears to play a decisive role in the allocation of resources towards children. Homeownership and children having their own rooms point to a relationship between financial stability and learning environments, while the absence of chronic illnesses in most parents reflects their capacity to actively support their children. This research underscores the role and significance of cultural and social capital in the educational processes of gifted children, making a substantial contribution to the literature in this field. The analyses consider various factors such as family structure, professional statuses, income levels, and participation in educational activities as indicators of cultural and social capital, determining their effect on students' academic achievements and the development of their social capital. Key Words: Cultural Capital, Social Capital, Gifted Children, Science and Art Centers, Educational Performance, Family Structure, Socio-Economic Dynamics
Investigation of the use of hydrographic coating (water transfer printing) and ultraviolet (UV) printing process on furniture surfaces
Get PDFBu çalışmada, ahşap esaslı kompozit levhalardan üretilmiş mobilya ve dekorasyon elemanlarının yüzeylerinde hidrografik kaplama (HGK) ve ultraviyole (UV) baskı işleminin kullanılabilirliğinin araştırılması hedeflenmiştir. Bu hedef doğrultusunda, parlak beyaz renkte 8 mm kalınlıkta; high gloss akrilik kaplı MDF, PVC kaplı MDF ve MDF lam hazır levhalar ile selülozik, poliüretan, akrilik ve su bazlı lake boya uygulanmış levhalar tercih edilmiş, levha yüzeylerine HGK ve UV baskı işlemi yapılmıştır. Hazırlanan örnek levhaların ev içi kimyasallarına karşı maruz kaldığı etkiyi taklit etmek amacı ile Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu'nun (TÜBİTAK) 221O551 numaralı proje desteği ile "Görüntü İşleme Tabanlı Ovalama Test Cihazı (GİTOTC)" tasarlanmış ve üretilmiştir. GİTOTC'nin ovalama işlemi esnasında TS EN ISO 11998 standartlarında belirtilen esaslarına göre çalışma doğruluğu, Türk Standartları Enstitüsü (TSE) tarafından incelenmiş ve kalibrasyon sertifikası alınmıştır. Hazırlanan örneklere çeşitli ev içi kimyasalları kullanılarak ASTM D1308-20 (2020) ve TS EN ISO 11998 (2006)' ya göre GİTOTC ile ovalama işlemi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ovalama işlemi sonrası örnek yüzeylerinde meydana gelen değişimleri tespit etmek için aşınma (ASTM E112-13), renk (ASTM D2244-21), parlaklık (TS EN ISO 2813), yapışma (ASTM D3359-23), çizilme (TS EN 15186), sertlik (ASTM D4366-95) ve pürüzlülük (TS 2495 EN ISO 3274) testleri yapılmıştır. Ayrıca, ovalama işlemi öncesi ve sonrasında cihaz içerisine entegre edilen "stüdyo kabini" ile her bir örneğin dijital görüntüleri kayıt altına alınmıştır. Matlab Graphical User Interface (GUI) görüntü işleme programı kullanılarak "Yüzey Kusur Analizi Yöntemi (YKAY)" isimli bir yazılım geliştirilmiş, bu yazılım ile örnek görüntülerinin aşınma, renk ve parlaklık değişimleri analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda ovalama işlemi yapılmış HGK'lı örneklerde, UV baskı işlemi yapılmış örneklere göre aşınma değerinde %27,44, renk değişimi değerlerinde %124,63, parlaklık değerlerinde %97,17, çizilme değerlerinde %5,59, sertlik değerlerinde %26,67'lik bir artış, yapışma değerlerinde %39,24, pürüzlülük değerinde %544,26'lik bir azalış belirlenmiştir. Genel olarak HGK ve UV baskı işlemi ile kaplanmış tüm ahşap esaslı levha yüzeylerinde başarılı sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. UV baskı işlemi ile kaplanmış örnekler HGK'lı örneklere göre daha iyi performans göstermiştir. Anahtar Sözcükler: Hidrografik Kaplama (HGK), UltraviyoleIn this study, it was aimed to investigate the usability of water transfer printing (WTP) and ultraviolet (UV) printing processes on the surfaces of furniture and decoration elements produced from wood-based composite panels. In line with this goal, 8 mm thick in bright white color; high gloss acrylic coated MDF, PVC coated MDF and MDF lam ready panels and panels with cellulosic, polyurethane, acrylic and water-based lacquer paint were preferred, and WTP and UV printing were applied to the panel surfaces. To simulate the effect of household chemicals on prepared sample panels, the "Image Processing Based Scrub Tester (IPBST)" was designed and manufactured with the support of the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) under project number 221O551. During the scrub process of IPBST, its operating accuracy was examined by the Turkish Standards Institute (TSE) according to the principles specified in TS EN ISO 11998 standards and a calibration certificate was obtained. The prepared samples were scrubbed with IPBST according to ASTM D1308-20 (2020) and TS EN ISO 11998 (2006) using various household chemicals. To detect the changes that occur on the sample surfaces after the scrubbing process, wear (ASTM E112-13), color (ASTM D2244-21), gloss (TS EN ISO 2813), adhesion (ASTM D3359-23), scratching (TS EN 15186), hardness (ASTM D4366-95) and roughness (TS 2495 EN ISO 3274) tests were performed. In addition, digital images of each sample were recorded with the "studio cabin" integrated into the device before and after the scrubbing process. Using the Matlab Graphical User Interface (GUI) image processing program, a software named "Surface Flaw Analysis Method (SFAM)" was developed, and with this software, the wear, color and brightness changes of the sample images were analyzed. As a result of the research, the scrubbed WTP samples were compared to the UV printed samples; an increase of 27.44% in wear values, 124.63% in color change values, 97.17% in brightness values, 5.59% in scratching values, 26.67% in hardness values, increase, and a decreased of 39.24% in adhesion values, 544.26% roughness values were determined. In general, successful results have been achieved on all wood-based panel surfaces coated with WTP and UV printing processes. Samples coated with UV printing showed better performance than WTP samples
Investigation of the effects of short, medium, long chain fatty acids on growth hormone, insulin like growth factor 1, insulin and hormone sensitive lipase levels in rats
Get PDFKombine kısa (KZYA), orta (OZYA) ve uzun (UZYA) zincirli yağ asitlerinin büyüme hormonu (GH), insülin benzeri büyüme faktörü-1 (IGF-1), insülin ve hormona duyarlı lipaz (HSL) gibi hormonların serum/doku konsantrasyonu üzerindeki etkilerine dair veriler azdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı kısa, orta ve uzun zincirli yağ asitlerinin kombine kullanımının GH, IGF, İnsülin ve HSL salgılanması üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmaktır. Bu amaçla çalışmada kısa zincirli yağ asitlerinden bütirik asit (BA), orta zincirli yağ asitlerinden kaprilik asit (KA) ve uzun zincirli yağ asitlerinden oleik asit (OA) kullanıldı. Çalışmada 56 adet erkek wistar cinsi sıçan kullanıldı. Sıçanlar rastgele kontrol grubu, bütirik asit grubu (BA), kaprilik asit grubu (KA), oleik asit grubu (OA), bütirik asit+kaprilik asit grubu (BA+KA), bütirik asit+oleik asit grubu (BA+OA), kaprilik asit+oleik asit grubu (KA+OA) ve bütirik asit+kaprilik asit+oleik asit grubu (BA+KA+OA) olmak üzere 8 alt gruba ayrıldı ve 21 gün süresince sıçanlara oral olarak uygulandı. Çalışma sonunda sıçanlardan alınan serum örneklerinden GH, IGF, İnsülin ve HSL düzeyleri ELİSA yöntemi ile belirlendi. BA uygulaması GH, IGF1, insülin seviyelerini düşürürken HSL seviyesi üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi gözlemlenmedi. KA uygulaması HSL seviyesini artırırken GH, İnsülin ve IGF-1 seviyeleri üzerinde ise anlamlı bir etki saptanmadı. OA uygulaması GH, HSL seviyesini artırırken IGF-1 ve insülin üzerinde anlamlı bir etki göstermedi. KA uygulaması glikoz seviyesini artırırken BA ve OA uygulamaları glikoz seviyeleri üzerinde anlamlı bir etki göstermedi. BA, KA ve OA uygulamalarının ağırlık üzerine etkisi gözlemlenmedi. Yağ asitlerinin kombine uygulanması GH seviyesini artırırken, insülin, IGF-1 ve HSL seviyelerini azalttı. Sonuç olarak, kısa, orta ve uzun zincirli yağ asitlerinin GH, IGF-1, HSL ve insülin üzerindeki etkilerini gözleyebilmek için daha uzun süreli ve kapsamlı çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.There are few data on the effects of combined short (SCFA), medium (MCFA) and long (LCFA) chain fatty acids on serum/tissue concentrations of hormones such as growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), insulin and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of combined use of short, medium and long chain fatty acids on GH, IGF, insulin and HSL secretion. For this purpose, butyric acid (BA) from short chain fatty acids, caprylic acid (CA) from medium chain fatty acids and oleic acid (OA) from long chain fatty acids were used. In the study, 56 male wistar rats were used. The rats were randomly divided into 8 subgroups as control group, butyric acid group (BA), caprylic acid group (CA), oleic acid group (OA), butyric acid+caprylic acid group (BA+CA), butyric acid+oleic acid group (BA+OA), caprylic acid+oleic acid group (CA+OA) and butyric acid+caprylic acid+oleic acid group (BA+CA+OA) and administered orally to rats for 21 days. At the end of the study, GH, IGF, insulin and HSL levels were determined by ELISA method in serum samples obtained from rats. BA administration decreased GH, IGF1, insulin levels, while no significant effect on HSL level was observed. CA administration increased HSL levels, but had no significant effect on GH, insulin and IGF-1 levels. OA treatment increased GH, HSL levels, but had no significant effect on IGF-1 and insulin levels. CA treatment increased glucose levels, while BA and OA treatments had no significant effect on glucose levels. BA, CA and OA treatments had no effect on weight. Combined administration of fatty acids increased GH levels, but decreased insulin, IGF-1 and HSL levels. In conclusion, more long-term and comprehensive studies are needed to observe the effects of short, medium and long chain fatty acids on GH, IGF-1, HSL and insulin
The mediating role of emotional intelligence and social awareness in the relationship between childhood traumatic experiences and aggression
Get PDFBu çalışmada çocukluk çağı örselenme çalışmaları ile saldırganlık arasındaki ilişkide duygusal zeka ve sosyal farkındalığın aracı rolünün incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma belirtilen amaçlar doğrultusunda, nicel araştırma yöntemi kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Nicel araştırma yöntemi desenlerinden korelasyonel (ilişkisel) desen, araştırmanın yöntem boyutunu oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini uygun örnekleme yoluyla ulaşılan 18-51 yaş arası 314 kişi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın veri toplama araçlarını; "Kişisel Bilgi Formu", "Çocukluk Yaşantıları Örselenme Yaşantıları Ölçeği", "Rotterdam Duygusal Zeka Ölçeği" ve "Tromso Sosyal Zeka Ölçeği" "Sosyal Farkındalık" alt boyutu ve "Buss-Perry Saldırganlık Ölçeği" oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada elde edilen veriler IBM SPSS Statistics 26 programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın analiz aşamasında; Bağımsız Gruplarda t Testi, Pearson Momentler Çarpımı Korelasyon Katsayısı ve Çoklu Regresyon Analizi ve yeniden örnekleme(Bootstrapping analizi) kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda çocukluk dönemi örselenme yaşantıları ile saldırganlık arasındaki ilişkide sosyal farkındalığın kısmi aracı rolünün olduğu, duygusal zekanın ise anlamlı düzeyde aracı rolünün bulunmadığı tespit edilmiştir.This research aimed to examine the mediating role of emotional intelligence and social awareness in the relationship between childhood trauma experiences and aggression. The study was carried out using the quantitative research method, in line with the stated objectives. Correlational design, one of the quantitative research method designs, constitutes the method dimension of the research. The sample of the research consists of 314 people between the ages of 18-51, reached through convenient sampling. Data collection tools of the research; "Personal Information Form", "Childhood Trauma Questionnaire", "Rotterdam Emotional Intelligence Scale" and "Tromso Social Intelligence Scale" "Social Awareness" sub-dimension and "Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire". The data acquired from the study was analyzed using the program IBM SPSS Statistics 26. In the analysis Independent Group t Test, Pearson Product Moment Correlation , Multiple Regression Analysis and Bootstrapping Methods were used. As a result of the analyses, it was discovered that social awareness had a practical mediating role in the relationship between childhood traumatic experiences and aggression, while emotional intelligence did not have a mediating role
Assessment of large-scale multiple forest disturbance susceptibilities with AutoML framework: an Izmir Regional Forest Directorate case
Get PDFDisturbances such as forest fires, intense winds, and insect damage exert strong impacts on forest ecosystems by shaping their structure and growth dynamics, with contributions from climate change. Consequently, there is a need for reliable and operational methods to monitor and map these disturbances for the development of suitable management strategies. While susceptibility assessment using machine learning methods has increased, most studies have focused on a single disturbance. Moreover, there has been limited exploration of the use of Automated Machine Learning (AutoML) in the literature. In this study, susceptibility assessment for multiple forest disturbances (fires, insect damage, and wind damage) was conducted using the PyCaret AutoML framework in the Izmir Regional Forest Directorate (RFD) in Turkey. The AutoML framework compared 14 machine learning algorithms and ranked the best models based on AUC (area under the curve) values. The extra tree classifier (ET) algorithm was selected for modeling the susceptibility of each disturbance due to its good performance (AUC values > 0.98). The study evaluated susceptibilities for both individual and multiple disturbances, creating a total of four susceptibility maps using fifteen driving factors in the assessment. According to the results, 82.5% of forested areas in the Izmir RFD are susceptible to multiple disturbances at high and very high levels. Additionally, a potential forest disturbances map was created, revealing that 15.6% of forested areas in the Izmir RFD may experience no damage from the disturbances considered, while 54.2% could face damage from all three disturbances. The SHAP (Shapley Additive exPlanations) methodology was applied to evaluate the importance of features on prediction and the nonlinear relationship between explanatory features and susceptibility to disturbance.Izmir Katip Celebi UniversityNo Statement Availabl
Soil and vegetation characteristics of protected and grazed pasture areas in Divanobasi plateau of Güce district of Giresun province
Get PDF2022 yılında Giresun ilinin Güce ilçesine bağlı Tekkeköy'ün Divanobası yaylasında gerçekleştirilen bu araştırma, korunan ve otlatılan mera alanlarında yapılan kapsamlı bir analize dayanmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında, kuru ot verimi, pH, elektriksel iletkenlik (?S/cm), geçirgenlik (mm/h), su tutma kapasitesi (%) ve hacim ağırlığı (g/cm3) gibi parametreler incelenmiştir. Her bir mera alanından 10'ar adet toprak ve bitki örneği alınmış ve bu örnekler arasındaki potansiyel farklılıkları belirlemek için bağımsız iki örnek t testi analizi uygulanmıştır. Korunan mera alanında kuru ot verimi 153,9 kg/da iken, otlatılan mera alanında bu değer 114,2 kg/da olarak tespit edilmiştir. Botanik kompozisyon incelendiğinde, korunan alanda %87,8 oranında buğdaygil, %8,24 oranında baklagil ve %3,2 oranında diğer familya bitkileri belirlenmiştir. Öte yandan, otlatılan alanda bu oranlar sırasıyla %75,49 buğdaygil, %12,36 baklagil ve %12,14 diğer familya bitkileri olarak gözlemlenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, korunan mera alanları ile otlatılan alanlar arasında hem kuru ot verimi hem de botanik kompozisyon açısından önemli farklılıklar olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Toprak analizleri sonucunda sırasıyla korunan alanda, pH değeri 5,37, elektriksel iletkenlik 85,8 ?S/cm, permeabilite 33,16 mm/saat, maksimum su tutma kapasitesi %38,50 ve hacim ağırlığı 1,19 g/cm3 bulunmuştur. Otlatılan alanda pH değeri 5,41, elektriksel iletkenlik 57,9 ?S/cm, permeabilite 24,96 mm/saat, maksimum su tutma kapasitesi %31,04 ve hacim ağırlığı 1,34 g/cm3 bulunmuştur. Değerlendirme sonuçlarına göre elektriksel iletkenlik (?S/cm), su tutma kapasitesi(%) ve hacim ağırlığı değerleri arasında istatistiki olarak anlamlı bir fark olduğu tespit edilmiştir.This research conducted in 2022 in the Divanobası plateau of Tekkeköy, affiliated with Güce district in Giresun province, involves a comprehensive analysis of protected and grazed pasture areas. Parameters such as dry forage yield, pH, electrical conductivity (?S/cm), permeability (mm/h), water holding capacity (%), and bulk density (g/cm3) were examined within the scope of the study. Ten soil and plant samples were collected from each region, and independent two-sample t-tests were applied to determine potential differences between these samples. The results revealed that in the protected area, the dry forage yield was 153.9 kg/da, while in the grazed area, it was determined as 114.2 kg/da. Analyzing the botanical composition, the protected area showed 87.8% graminoids, 8.24% legumes, and 3.2% other plant families. In contrast, the grazed area exhibited 75.49% graminoids, 12.36% legumes, and 12.14% other plant families. These findings underscore significant differences in both dry forage yield and botanical composition between protected and grazed pasture areas. Soil analyses indicated that in the protected area, pH value was 5.37, electrical conductivity was 85.8 ?S/cm, permeability was 33.16 mm/h, water holding capacity was 38.50%, and bulk density was 1.19 g/cm3. In the grazed area, pH value was 5.41, electrical conductivity was 57.9 ?S/cm, permeability was 24.96 mm/h, water holding capacity was 31.04%, and bulk density was 1.34 g/cm3. Evaluation results demonstrated statistically significant differences in electrical conductivity (?S/cm), water holding capacity (%), and bulk density values
An Efficient Approach for Automatic Fault Classification Based on Data Balance and One-Dimensional Deep Learning
Get PDFPredictive maintenance (PdM) is implemented to efficiently manage maintenance schedules of machinery and equipment in manufacturing by predicting potential faults with advanced technologies such as sensors, data analysis, and machine learning algorithms. This paper introduces a study of different methodologies for automatically classifying the failures in PdM data. We first present the performance evaluation of fault classification performed by shallow machine learning (SML) methods such as Decision Trees, Support Vector Machines, k-Nearest Neighbors, and one-dimensional deep learning (DL) techniques like 1D-LeNet, 1D-AlexNet, and 1D-VGG16. Then, we apply normalization, which is a scaling technique in which features are shifted and rescaled in the dataset. We reapply classification algorithms to the normalized dataset and present the performance tables in comparison with the first results we obtained. Moreover, in contrast to existing studies in the literature, we generate balanced dataset groups by randomly selecting normal data and all faulty data for all fault types from the original dataset. The dataset groups are generated with 100 different repetitions, recording performance scores for each one and presenting the maximum scores. All methods utilized in the study are similarly employed on these groups. From these scores, the use of 1D-LeNet deep learning classifiers and feature normalization resulted in achieving the highest overall accuracy and F1-score performance of 98.50% and 98.32%, respectively. As a result, the goal of this study was to develop an efficient approach for automatic fault classification, leveraging data balance, and additionally, to provide an analysis of one-dimensional deep learning and shallow machine learning-based classification methods. In light of the experimentation and comparative analysis, this study successfully achieves its stated goal by demonstrating that one-dimensional deep learning and data balance collectively emerge as the optimal approach, offering good prediction accuracy