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A review of contact dependent interactions among encrusting bryozoans
Get PDFThis review of published literature is focused on bryozoan interactions and discusses overgrowths, “stalemates,” erect bi-laminate growths and fusions. Overgrowths, where one colony grows zooids atop another, have received the most attention in the scientific literature. Stalemates, where two colonies cease growth at the region of contact, have received relatively little research investigating the possible reasons for its occurrence. Erect, bi-laminate growth, following inter- and/or intraspecific contact between colonies, has also received little research, but could reflect mutualistic behavior of encrusting species to increase feeding and reproduction. Fusion of self-self-contacts appears common, yet non-self-fusions to form natural chimeras may also occur and could represent cooperative behavior among genetically related individuals to enhance survival, growth and/or reproduction. In-depth analyses of the costs and benefits of these behaviors in bryozoans are needed to further understand the evolution of these alternative behaviors as well as their contribution to the abundance and diversity of bryozoans in marine habitats
Place-based learning practices: a diptych case study of human and more-than-human relationality at the tribal and western academic institutional interface
Get PDFThe ‘Place-Based Learning Practices Project’ is a graduate project under the Native American Studies Department Rou Dalagurr Food Sovereignty Lab and Traditional Ecological Knowledges Institute (FSL). Making contributions at the intersection of Western academia and Indigenous science, it imagines and realizes content, policies, and protocols surrounding two case studies and the larger cal poly humboldt (cph) institution which respect, honor, and uplift Indigenous sovereignty and resurgence in partnership with the Blue Lake Rancheria Tribe and the greater regional tribal community. Encompassing two projects internal and external to the institution, I aim to address the construction of controlled and protective environments for research with sovereign Indigenous sciences and Traditional Ecological Knowledges (TEK), while also advancing the products and projects through cábula and Indigenous community-based participatory action research paradigms (ICBPAR) to realize material and functional applications for the partnered communities. The internal case study of the institution is ‘Landscape (Hi)Stories of Wiyot Plaza’, which includes the ‘hsu Ethnobotanical Map’, and Wiyot Plaza Site (Hi)Story- an Indigenized Environmental Site Assessment, produced through the lens of trauma-informed care and archival disordering. Appropriate research and data sovereignty structures for doing work with sovereign Indigenous sciences are also explored, and proposed for institutional adoption. External to the institution is a second case study with the Blue Lake Rancheria Tribe (BLR), the ‘Living Database and Indigenous Agroecosystems’ Project, which includes feasibility study for the production of a Living Database of Relational Knowledges, the production of a Tribal Research Protocol, and resulting informed projects in Indigenous agroecology. Both of these case studies contribute to the overarching work of establishing appropriate community collaboration protocols and best practices for the larger campus community regarding Indigenous knowledges and sciences in place-based learning and research, rooted in Indigenous worldviews of relationality and reciprocity, which forefronts the health of relationships with the regional tribal community
The molecular and serological detection of Rickettsia species phylotype G022 and Rickettsia tillamookensis in the blood of domestic dogs in Northern California
No full textPathogenic Rickettsia are responsible for causing febrile diseases in humans and animals. Ixodes pacificus is a clinically important vector of vector borne diseases along the Pacific Northwest of the United States. Little is known about the transmission mechanisms and pathogenic potential of Rickettsia species in I. pacificus. Rickettsia species phylotype G022 (G022) and Rickettsia tillamookensis both have a low infection prevalence in I. pacificus, suggesting that these Rickettsia species utilize amplifier hosts for maintenance. G022 and R. tillamookensis share a close phylogenetic history with known human pathogens but still retain an unknown pathogenicity. A molecular and serological survey of domestic dogs was conducted to evaluate the potential of G022 and R. tillamookensis to infect mammalian hosts. Whole blood was collected from 175 dogs in Humboldt and Sonoma Counties, originating from two veterinary hospitals and an animal shelter. The buffy coat fraction was screened for DNA from G022 and R. tillamookensis using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), while blood plasma was screened for anti-rickettsial antibodies using microimmunofluorescence (MIF), and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Rickettsial antigens were derived from whole cell cultures for MIF, while partially purified antigens from R. tillamookensis, Rickettsia rickettsii subsp californica subsp nov (R. rickettsii californica), and Rickettsia rhipicephali isolates were used for the ELISA. In total, 1.71% (3/175; 95% CI: 0.58%-4.9%) of dogs were seropositive for Rickettsia, as detected by MIF and ELISA, suggesting these dogs were previously exposure to Rickettsia species. Among dogs from Sonoma County, 3.88% (3/104; 95% CI: 0.6%-8.2%) were seropositive by MIF and ELISA, while all the dogs from Humboldt County were seronegative for both methods. Although the ELISA results cannot be considered species-specific, three plasma samples demonstrated the greatest seroreactivity against the R. tillamookensis, R. rickettsii californica, and R. rhipicephali isolates, respectively. This data suggests prior exposure to Rickettsia species with similar antigenicity to R. tillamookensis, R. rickettsii californica, and R. rhipicephali, respectively. No DNA was detected for G022 or R. tillamookensis by qPCR. This is the first study to use a combined molecular and serological approach for the detection of R. tillamookensis and the first molecular survey of dogs for the detection of G022
Los mapas gráficos multi-dato de los viajes científicos de Humboldt como precedente de los modernos sistemas socio-ecológicos
No full textEste artículo analiza el papel visionario de Alexander von Humboldt como científico geógrafo que sentó las bases de la integración de los análisis geográfico-ecológicos y los humano-sociales. Humboldt fue precursor de la interdisciplinaridad científica, integrando la observación científico-empírica basada en la recogida de datos, con un subjetivismo compatible con el sentimiento hacia la naturaleza y los seres vivos. Humboldt aunó metodológicamente ese enfoque dual en análisis gráficos que captaban las complejidades derivadas de los sistemas complejos y emergentes, donde el todo en su conjunto es más que la suma de partes fragmentadas. Su visión combinaba análisis de ámbito local y global, sentando los precedentes teórico-conceptuales de los sistemas socio-ecológicos holísticamente considerados. Inspirándose en el gráfico bio-geográfico del NaturGemälde de Humboldt y su interpretación multivariable, este trabajo ofrece una revisión de mapas conceptuales de sistemas socio-naturales. Finalmente se aporta una investigación propia, relativa al análisis de la labor de la ONG African Parks de protección y estabilización de la fauna africana amenazada, en un ámbito local -el parque nacional de Zakouma (Chad) y en un ámbito internacional en todo el continente africano, creando una red de dos decenas de espacios protegidos
Imagined Communities in the Orient: Mapping New Definitions of Moroccan Spatiality through Western Travelogues
Get PDFThe portrayal of Morocco as an exotic location has often been related to the tradition of European Orientalism. From Daniel Defoe to Edith Wharton, the Western presence in Morocco has long been identified by means of several encounters, which has become a central attempt to identify and analyze the country as Oriental. Many of these encounters have resulted in diverse representations that have primarily framed Western ideas about the Oriental world. Morocco, which was identified as an international itinerary of early travelogues about North Africa, has long been a place of Western cultural anthropology and ethnographic surveys. In addressing new definitions of Morocco’s locales, this paper aims to show how the issue of spatiality is discussed through an Orientalist framework. Further, it introduces various narratives that have long stood as cultural and political discursive means. The paper tries to disclose the American nostalgic inclination towards a new age of empire, in which Morocco is imagined as a convenient apposite strategic setting to possess and meet specific ideological interests in the Arab world. To elaborate on the construction of new definitions of spatiality, this paper discloses insights about the following questions: How has Western identity been constructed through de-territorializing European and American ideals? How have some Moroccan locales been turned into international contact zones? This paper delves into these issues by positing a cultural studies approach, relying mainly on qualitative content analysis to rethink alternative possibilities of other perceptions
José Mariano Mociño (1757-1820): Heroic Botanist/Physician of New and Old Spain
Get PDFJosé Mariano Mociño traveled extensively in New Spain and helped to collect and classify thousands of plants according to modern scientific protocols. In addition, Mociño made significant contributions to science in geology, ethnology, epidemiology, ornithology and horticulture. He was in the vanguard of the study of native Mexican medicinal plants and played a crucial role in the control of infectious disease in the colony and the mother country. Although a contemporary of Alexander von Humboldt, the two never met. Nonetheless, the Prussian traveler was well aware of the accomplishments of Mociño. In his Ensayo politico sobre el Reino de la Nueva España Humboldt wrote “El señor Mociño, who we have already named as one of the compañeros of señor Sessé, and who carried out difficult excursions from the Kingdom of Guatemala to the Northwest coast of Vancouver… [occupied] a very distinguished place among the wise men [of Mexico].” The Mexican born scientist was named the co-leader of the Royal Spanish Botanic Expedition to New Spain (1787-1803) and was instrumental in its inventory of the flora and fauna of the colony. Unfortunately, political turmoil in the mother country prevented publication of its discoveries. The death of his colleagues left the Mexican as sole survivor of the expedition, responsible for completing and protecting its legacy. When Mociño passed from the scene, the accomplishments of the scientific pioneers of the Expedition disappeared to the public for decades or more
