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Moral Values & Trust in Science
No full textMistrust in science can arise from the belief that science or scientists act in ways that undermines our wellbeing or go against our best interests (Jaiswal & Halktis, 2019). Such actions may also constitute a perceived moral violation. Considering how science and scientists are perceived to uphold or undermine moral norms and values may therefore provide helpful insights for understanding relationships of trust. In this review of the trust literature, I explore some of the ways that individuals or communities may perceive different categories of moral values (i.e., Harm, Purity / Sanctity, Authority, Loyalty, and Fairness) as being upheld or undermined by science or scientists. Firstly, examples of harm are discussed (e.g., physical and spiritual harms), followed by research on trust in science and individual differences (i.e., disgust sensitivity, religiosity, and worldviews and ideologies). Research around social identity, and fairness are also examined. Identifying where and why perceived moral violations may arise could be helpful for furthering our understanding relationships of mistrust in science and developing tailored interventions to build and sustain trust. It also provides an opportunity for scientists and researchers to reflect on the moral values that they and any communities they seek to work with hold to ensure any procedures and practices do not inadvertently undermine the trust relationship
Sabotaging Modernity: Petro-cultural Decay and Alienation in Daniel González’s Critique of Puntofijismo
No full textThe 1960s saw the emergence in Venezuela of new artistic regimes that challenged the image of the country and particularly Caracas as a beacon of progress. Taking in the full range of creative practice, these regimes emphasized the detritus of urban life. This article tracks the emergence of a visual aesthetic that foregrounded decay and alienation through the work of the photographer Daniel González. In his images, González constructed an image of the city that was different from and effectively sabotaged the images of progress put forward by the dictatorship of Marcos Pérez Jiménez and by the presidency of Rómulo Betancourt. The article examines the way in which González’s photographs critiqued aspects of Venezuela’s petro-modernity. In constructing Caracas as a dystopian space, González’s photographs tapped into the disaffection felt by poorer sections of caraqueño society who had found the democratic system of puntofijismo to be as alienating as perezjimenismo
Museums and the Making of Public History in Post-Mao China: Reimagining the Chinese Nation in Overseas Chinese Museums
No full textA Multi-objective Multigraph A* Algorithm with Online Likely-Admissible Heuristics using Walk-based Shallow Embeddings
No full textThe multi-objective multigraph Shortest Path Problem (SPP) is intractable, necessitating efficient solution approaches. To address general multi-objective multigraph SPPs, this article introduces a Multi-Objective Multi-Graph A* (MOMGA*) algorithm and develops a learning-based heuristic function to expedite the search. MOMGA* generalises the Airport Multi-Objective A* (AMOA*), which was designed for a specific application on multigraphs, and further modifies its path selection and expansion procedures. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that the modifications in MOMGA* yield advantages over AMOA*, including higher search efficiency, more effective use of admissible heuristics for accelerating search, and seamless integration with likely-admissible heuristics without sacrificing solution quality. The admissibility proof of MOMGA* is also provided. The developed heuristic function is likely-admissible. It embraces node embedding techniques to extract node characteristics, based on which shortest path costs (heuristics) for every two nodes are estimated through neural networks. In particular, we present an extensive review of walk-based shallow embedding methods and experimentally validate their superior ability in capturing the characteristics of nodes for accurately predicting heuristics. Evaluation based on randomly generated multi-objective multigraphs confirms: (i) MOMGA* comprehensively outperforms AMOA*, consistent with the theoretical analysis; (ii) walk-based sampling for node embeddings is key to preserving distance-related information in graphs; (iii) the proposed likely-admissible heuristics, even learnt with a limited amount of training data, can empower MOMGA* to efficiently obtain a collection of optimal and near-optimal solutions; and (iv) a good balance between optimality and tractability in MOMGA* is controllable by tuning the predictive accuracy of learning heuristics
Who Is a Holocaust Memorial For? Two Memorials in Berlin-Schöneberg
No full textWho is a Holocaust memorial for? Who has the authority to decide on its form, and how should we expect its audience to respond? The Berlin neighbourhood of Schöneberg is home to two large-scale Holocaust memorials: one created by an artistic partnership that won competition judged by arts professionals and government officials, and one created by local people after researching local residents who became victims of National Socialism. This paper looks at both of them and asks who the imagined audience is for each, who has the authority to decide a memorial’s form, and what kind of impact each memorial has the people who engage with it
‘No appearance, always reality’: Rousseau, transparency, and the international
No full textThis paper develops a new perspective on one of the key concepts of liberal global governance – transparency – by reflecting on its earlier role in the work of Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Rejecting the view that he desires ‘total transparency’, the paper argues that Rousseau provides an early example of a complex modern discourse in which transparency is closely connected to the emerging contours of the international. Transparency is an image used to describe global systems of power, the experience of encountering them, and the ways in which they might be transformed by an empowered citizenry. Twenty-first century liberal transparency is a particular idiom which has emerged from this more extensive language. Distinguished by the relative demise of the figurative and utopic aspects which shape earlier uses of transparency, it has considerable ideological power while also reflecting a sclerosis of political imagination
The Ontopolity of Feral Landscapes: An anthropology of tools negotiating relationships between other-than- human and human collectives
No full textIn “feral landscape” practices, humans co-create landscapes with the ecosystems and species. These landscapes are neither wild nor fully designed. This is a diverse spectrum with varying degrees of control and scale, including “rewilding” and ecological forms of landscape architecture. In such practices, ecosystems and species are self-willed; they are given a voice.
An analysis of the categories of human tools and techniques used in these feral practices and how they are applied reveals a particular ecological polity. The physical tools, used sparingly as the landscapes evolve, negotiate the tensions and conflicts between multiple other-than-human and human communities, adjusting the ecological balance, meaning, and livelihood.
The polity is primarily a bottom-up process, led mainly by other-than-humans. Surprisingly, feral approaches that give the most agency to all living beings and systems are primarily guided by limited but mostly violent acts, analogous to libertarian approaches. Yet feral landscape practices are far from a laissez-faire survival of the fittest attitude; there is benevolence in the care applied in this form of ontopolitical libertarianism, in which humans’ primary ecopolitical role is to expand and balance an ontologically heterogeneous body politics, and weave humans with their other-than-human demos
AI for Quantity Surveying Report - AI4QS Report - Exploring Impact, Building Competence, and Advancing Responsible Use
No full textAs Artificial Intelligence (AI) transforms how projects are costed, managed, and delivered, the Quantity Surveying (QS) profession stands at a critical turning point. The integration of data-driven tools, automation, and predictive analytics is creating opportunities for improved efficiency, sustainability, and decision-making. However, these advancements also raise challenges related to bias, transparency, accountability, and professional integrity. The AI4QS Report responds to these realities by investigating how Quantity Surveyors can adopt AI responsibly, ensuring that technology enhances, rather than replaces human expertise and ethical judgment
